Ndi maiko ati omwe amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu ya mafunde?

Zomera zamagetsi ndi zomera zamagetsi zimalimbikitsa mphamvu zamakono panthawiyi. Mu nkhaniyi, mphamvu za mafunde ndi mafunde zidzalingaliridwa: zotsatira ndi zowonongeka za zomera zamagetsi, ntchito, mapulogalamu a PES ndi zinthu zomwe zinakonzedweratu.

Mphamvu Zina Zogwiritsira Ntchito: Mwachidule

Masiku ano, osati akatswiri a zachilengedwe ndi asayansi, komanso amalonda a zamalonda, injini ndi amalonda, ndiwo magetsi amphamvu kwambiri. Zopangira mphamvu zowonjezera (ebbs ndi mafunde, dzuwa, mphepo) zimakhala zosangalatsa chifukwa cha phindu ndi zochepa zomwe zingawononge chitetezo cha chilengedwe. Mu 2010, magetsi omwe si a chikhalidwe amapereka pafupifupi 5% mwa anthu onse omwe amadya. Pafupifupi 2% (ya mtengo wapadziko lonse) anapangidwa ndi zomera zamtundu.

Kodi zomera zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito bwanji?

Mphamvu za kuphulika ndi kutuluka ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa anthu muzosatheka. Poyesa kuyigwiritsa ntchito bwino kwapangidwa kuchokera muzaka za zana la khumi, pamene anayamba kupanga madamu ang'onoang'ono ndi malo osungiramo madzi, ndipo kenako mphero zambewu. Zomwe zikufanana ndi zomera zamakono zamakono zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mu chuma cha dziko.

Ndi kupeza magetsi, magetsi "opangira magetsi" adalowetsedwa ndi omwe amadziwika bwino ndi munthu wamakono. Masiku ano, mphamvu zamadzi zamadzi zimatembenuza makina akuluakulu, kusintha magetsi. Motero, mfundo yomweyi imagwiritsidwa ntchito zaka mazana angapo zapitazo, yokhayoyikiratu pang'ono ndi zofunikira zowonjezera.

Mavuto ogwiritsira ntchito magetsi

Ntchito yomanga zomera zamagetsi ndizovuta kwambiri. Kuonjezerapo, kuchokera ku zachuma, ndi zopindulitsa kumanga PES yayikulu, yomwe siyiyeneratu kumadera akutali kapena ochepa. Mavuto ena ndi awa:

• Kusintha kwa mphamvu mu malo osungirako mphamvu, komwe kumakhudza kusintha kwa mafunde (ndi mphamvu ya mafunde kusintha) masabata awiri;

• Kusayambira kwa nthawi yeniyeni ya masiku a dzuwa ndi nthawi ya mafunde;

• Kusinthasintha pakati pa nthawi yabwino ya mphamvu yobadwa ndi kumwa;

• Nthaŵi zina, zowonjezera zowonjezera zowonjezera zimafunikira pafupi ndi malo opangira mphamvu.

Palinso lingaliro lakuti kugwira ntchito mwamphamvu kwa zomera zamtunduwu kumabweretsa mavuto a chilengedwe, omwe kale sanali kudziwika kwa anthu - kutetezedwa kwa dziko lapansi. Chotsatirachi sichikutsimikiziridwa ndi magwero ovomerezeka mu sayansi. Ntchito ya PES yambiri idzawonjezera nthawi ya tsiku ndi ndalama zochepa zokwanira zisanu ndi zinayi kuposa mphamvu zamagetsi.

Ubwino wopanga zitsamba zamagetsi

Kulimbana ndi zoopsa ndi ngozi zomwe zimachitika pazida za nyukiliya kawirikawiri, koma asiye kukumbukira kwa nthawi yayitali, magetsi ena akuwoneka ngati njira yabwino. Ndipo ngakhale kuti pali mavuto okwanira pakukonza mphamvu zamagetsi, palinso ubwino wambiri:

1. Kulumikizana kwa chilengedwe. Pankhani ya PES, kuthekera kwa masoka opangidwa ndi anthu ndi matenda omwe adayambika m'madera ambiri afupika mpaka pafupifupi. Palibe mpweya woipa m'mlengalenga kuchokera ku mafuta oyaka moto.

2. Kudalirika. Zomera zamagetsi zimagwira ntchito mosasinthasintha pokhapokha muzomwe zimayendera komanso pamtengo wapamwamba.

3. Kutsika mtengo kwa mphamvu. Poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina ya zomera, PES ili ndi mtengo wotsika wa mphamvu, umene umatsimikiziridwa ndi zotsatira zenizeni za ntchito.

4. Kuchita bwino. Mphamvu zowonongeka zimatha kufika 80 peresenti, pamene zomera za mphepo zimapanga 30% bwino, komanso mphamvu za dzuwa - pafupifupi 5-15%, koma nthawi zina zinkatheka kukonza ndi 35%.

La Rance: malo oyambirira olamulira

Nkhani yokhudzana ndi kufalikira kwa malo osungiramo mphamvu zamtendere inali mu 1967, pamene La Rance anatumidwa, TEC yoyamba yomwe ili ku France, kudera la mbiri ya Brittany. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mphamvu zamtunduwu kunachokera ku mafunde akuluakulu kufika mamita khumi ndi atatu ndi hafu pamtunda wamtunda wa mamita asanu ndi atatu.

Mphamvu ya PES "La Rance" - MW MW 240, ndi mtengo wa unit umodzi (kWh) ndi theka lachiwiri kusiyana ndi kawirikawiri kwa zomera zatsopano ku France. Dothi la mphamvuyi limapanga osati ntchito zokhazokha pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yosamalirako imayenda bwino, koma ndi mlatho womwe msewu womwe umagwirizanitsa mizinda ya Dinard ndi St. Malo ukuyenda. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, La Rance ndi malo otchuka okaona malo omwe amakopa anthu okwana zikwi mazana awiri kupita ku France.

PES ku South Korea: chomera champhamvu kwambiri

Sikhvinskaya PES ndi malo ena opambana amphamvu omwe ali kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa South Korea pa malo opangira maofesi. Mphamvu yamagetsi inayamba kugwira ntchito mu 2011 ndipo mwamsanga inakankhira PES yoyamba padziko lapansi ku malo achiwiri malinga ndi mphamvu.

Kumanga kwa chomeracho chokha kunayambika ndi kufunikira kokonza madzi atsopano. Pambuyo pake, khalidwe la madzi linayamba kuwonongeka, ndipo mu 1997 (atatha kutsimikiziranso zochitikazo ndi kupeza njira zothetsera mavuto a Marine Research Institute), adasankha kubisa dzenje. Izi zinapangitsa kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za mafunde. Ntchito yomanga PES inayamba mu 2003, ndipo polojekitiyi inakonzedwa mu 2009. Chifukwa cha kuchedwa kwa ntchito yomangayo, ntchito yamagetsi inayamba mu 2011.

Mitengo ya mphamvu ya Tidal m'mayiko ena padziko lapansi

Mayiko amene amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zamtunduwu samangopitabe patsogolo ku France ndi ku South Korea. Mitengo ya mphamvu ya Tidal imagwiritsidwa ntchito:

• Mkulu;

• Norway;

• Canada;

• China;

• India;

• United States of America.

Ena amati akukonzekera kumanga nyumba zoterezi.

Zomera zamagetsi ku Russia

Ku Russia, mphamvu ya mafunde yakhala ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuyambira mu 1968 monga gawo la kuyesera kwa PES ku Kisla Guba Nyanja ya Barents (chithunzi). M'nthaŵi za USSR, kumanga zowonjezera zowonjezera katatu kunapangidwa (chimodzi mu White Sea ndi ziwiri m'nyanja ya Okhotsk). Zomwe zilipo panopa sizidziwike, pamene Mezenskaya TPP yomwe idakonzedwa ku dera la Arkhangelsk ili ndi mwayi wokhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezera mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. Komanso pamapangidwe ake ndi Northern PES ku Kola Peninsula.

Akukonzekera kuti agwiritse ntchito

Mphamvu ya mafunde ndi mafunde amadziwika ndi gulu la padziko lapansi monga gwero lodalirika, kotero kuti pulojekiti zingapo za PES zikulimbikitsidwa kwambiri m'mayiko osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Choncho, posachedwapa zikonzekera kumanga malo ogwirira ntchito ku South Korea, Scotland, India ku Gujarat, New York ndi Swansea ku UK. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito moyenera kwazinthu zoterezi kudzachepetsetsa kwambiri gawo la mphamvu zowalandiridwa ndi njira yachikhalidwe, kumalo abwino, okhulupilika ndi otetezeka.