Zofewa Mlingo Mafomu: gulu, mapangidwe

Zofewa mitundu mankhwala ayende munthu chibadwire. Msonkhano woyamba ndi iwo kumachitika wakhanda, pamene mayi rubs mwana wachifundo khungu mwana kirimu. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo timakhala limodzi ndi zodzola zosiyanasiyana, angakhale angelo ndi pastes.

Zofewa mitundu mankhwala, gulu ndi makhalidwe amene anapereka m'munsimu, ntchito pakhungu, pochiza matenda a maso opaleshoni, matenda achikazi ndi zina mankhwala. Iwo ali otchuka kwambiri pakati pa madokotala a ukatswiri wasinthika motani chifukwa cha chomasuka ntchito, chomasuka yokonza ndi moyo wautali alumali. Zodzikongoletsera makampani amadziwikanso bwino ankaimira, popanda mitundu yonse ya creams ndi zodzola.

zodzola

Yambani nkhani ya zofewa mitundu mankhwala abwino ndi zodzola, monga ubale akangofika za nzika pafupifupi. Mankhwala odzola - mankhwala ntchito ntchito kunja, amene ali zosakwana kotala la okwana nkhani youma lokonzekera. Iwo amakonzedwa mwa kusakaniza mankhwala ndi gawo lapansi kukhala kugwirizana khalidwe.

Zofewa mitundu mankhwala pa zapansi ano mafuta (petrolatum, lanolin, nkhumba mafuta, waxes, paraffin mafuta, etc ..) Yopangidwa ndi sikelo mafakitale, ndipo monga gawo maphikidwe wapadera. Posankha maziko amaganizira chikhalidwe cha ntchito, zotsatira achire kuti mwana'yo, komanso luso la chuma ndi kupasuka mankhwala. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta odzola chabe chimakwirira khungu, lanolin ndipo inunso odzipereka mu izo.

Popeza mafuta ntchito makamaka zochizira matenda dermatological, pamene ankapangira kuganizira kanthu wamba. adokotala akhoza mankhwala otchedwa mu mawonekedwe chidule kapena kukodzedwa. Chidule ntchito njira komaliza mlingo komanso mafuta lili chimodzi chokha mankhwala chigawo ndi n'kuukanda mu petrolatum.

creams

Tangoganizani popanda creams zofewa mitundu mlingo sizingatheke. Kirimu ndi dongosolo kumwazikana amene limapangidwa zigawo ziwiri kapena zambiri. dongosolo zimenezi ndi makhalidwe kofunika matenthedwe akuzisunga khalidwe - zochepa viscous kuposa kirimu - ngati kugwirizana.

Emulsion "mafuta mu madzi" anyamula mpaka 90% madzi ndi inaperekedwa kwa moisturizing khungu. Ngati zikuchokera ntchito "madzi mu mafuta", zigawo ndi kutengedwa mulingo pafupifupi wofanana. kirimu Izi ndi zofunika kuti iodzafewa ndipo kuyamwitsa khungu. The zikuchokera anyamula mafuta, waxes, mafuta mchere, silicones, alcohols, ndi zinthu zina.

The osakaniza kwa kupanga kirimu anasankha malinga ndi cholinga chake. Zingabweretse kutentha kapena, Tikawonetsetsa zotsatira yozizira, kutupa m'malo olumikizirana mafupa, kapena kupititsa patsogolo machiritso a khungu chilema. Pakuti wakuuzani yafupika mankhwala kirimu ntchito, maziko ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi konse mwachindunji, kusiya nkhaniyi kuti kuchenjera kwa pharmacist ndi.

angakhale angelo

Gel osakaniza - ndi chiphunzitso wofatsa amene angagwiritsidwe ntchito osati kunja, komanso subcutaneously kapena pakamwa. Iwo ali odzola ngati kugwirizana ndi zambiri colorless ndi poyela. Ichi ndi kutali ambiri ndi otchuka mawonekedwe za kumasulidwa kwa mankhwala.

Kusiyanitsa angakhale angelo hydrophilic ndipo hydrophobic. Iwo amene analandira ndi kaphatikizidwe madzi, ufa polima (zambiri acid) ndi neutralizer (koloko, amoniya, carbonate, etc.). Pambuyo kusanganikirana mokwanira, osakaniza thickens ndipo amautembenuzira gel osakaniza. The kukhuthala kwa mankhwala chifukwa amayezedwa poise kapena centipoise.

A zosiyanasiyana angakhale angelo ndi kutchuka chifukwa chakuti iwo ofanana mu makhalidwe awo kwa index wa hydrogen wa khungu, ali yachidule ndi yosavuta kukonzekera, iwo wogawana anagawira ndipo alibe kuononga pores. Komanso, gel osakaniza akhoza kuwonjezeredwa iliyonse mankhwala.

pastes

Pasitala - ndi mtundu umodzi wa mafuta wonunkhira bwino, chimene ali mu dongosolo lake kuposa powdery zinthu (za 65%) ndi chifukwa, kusasinthika chachikulu. Chifukwa chuma ichi, ndi nthawi yaitali amakhalabe pa khungu ndipo zimatenga ndi madzimadzi muyeso, zomwe zimachititsa kuti n'chofunika kwambiri kuti tikwaniritse zotsatira odana ndi yotupa.

Nthawi zambiri, kuti akwaniritse kugwirizana Napempha kwa phala, izo anawonjezera zinthu ndale, monga nthaka ufa, talc kapena wowuma. Maphikidwe kwa pasitala akatulutsidwa kokha pa maziko aakulu. Zosiyana wapangidwa okha fakitale yomalizidwa kupanga mankhwala. Monga ulamuliro, pambuyo malangizo zosakaniza chachikulu ndi zapansi mu kufanana lamanja kulemba kuti: "Sakanizani kuti phala ndi." Official phala akatulutsidwa, kusonyeza mtundu dzina.

liniments

Enumerating zofewa mitundu mlingo mu mankhwala, ife akunena kuti ngati liniments kapena liniments. Ndipotu, nkhungu kapena gel osakaniza-ngati zakumwa kuti kusungunula pa kutentha kwa madigiri 37, kotero ayenera kuzitikita mu khungu pa malo owonongeka. Ndi mtundu wa mankhwala awerenge creams aliyense, mafuta, angakhale angelo kapena pastes zomwe ndi mbali khalidwe.

Alumali moyo mu liniments yochepa, choncho amachita anakonza mwachindunji mankhwala. Kukonzekera madzi m'munsi ntchito (mpendadzuwa, maolivi, linseed mafuta kapena paraffin madzi). Pambuyo musankhe onse zosakaniza ndi kwake mu Chinsinsi ayenera anasonyeza "ankawaona kuti akonze liniment." Izi ndi zofunika popeza zodzola, pastes ndi liniment kungakhale zikuchokera chomwecho.

suppositories

formulations zofewa mu makandulo mankhwala kupanga Komanso anapereka. Iwo, monga liniments, kusungunula pa thupi kutentha, koma bwinobwino zinthu, akukhalabe mawonekedwe olimba. Monga maziko mtundu wa mankhwala ntchito koko mafuta kapena kasakaniza wazitsulo wa paraffin kapena zinthu zina inert.

Kusiyanitsa thumbo ndi ukazi suppositories. Choyamba, monga ulamuliro, ndi puleobrazuyu kapena mawonekedwe conical ndi kulemera avareji magalamu zitatu. suppositories ukazi kungakhale mu mawonekedwe a mitundu, ellipses, kapena ndi tayala mawonekedwe (pessaries). Iwo kulemera magalamu atatu kapena anayi.

suppositories thumbo ntchito zochizira njira ina ku rectum, komanso amene amadza chonse pa thupi, chifukwa zabwino magazi kundipatsako kwa m'mimba ngalande gawo amalola wothandizila mwamsanga odzipereka kwa mucosa ndi kusokoneza zokhudza zonse.

Pa kumaliseche, mophweka zikuchokera suppositories anasonyeza yogwira pophika ndi kuchuluka kwake. Pankhani ya kuikidwa makandulo ndi zikuchokera zovuta, inalembedwa dzina malonda ndi chiwerengero cha mayunitsi mankhwala.

makapisozi gelatin

Ngati dokotala kapena gerontologists ayenera perekani wodwalayo mankhwala mawonekedwe a mankhwala zofewa, mankhwala limayamba ndi mawu akuti "kapisozi". Chipolopolo mu mankhwala amenewa imakhala gelatin edible. M'pofunika thunthu yogwira ali sanamuvulaze kugwiritsa ntchito malo. Mwachitsanzo, si mankhwala onse bwino analekerera malo acidic m'mimba, kotero iwo ayenera kutetezedwa limakhudza ndipo nthawi yomweyo nawobe katundu kutero.

Malinga ndi njira ntchito kapisozi ndi:

• m'kamwa;
• ukazi;
• thumbo.

Iwo akhoza kukhala okhutira osiyana: ufa, granules, makapisozi, pellets, mapiritsi, mafuta kapena mabakiteriya moyo.

plasters

Short mndandanda wa yamawangamawanga mitundu zofewa mankhwala. Maphikidwe ndi mapangidwe a iwo wosavuta. yamawangamawanga The amagwira khungu ndi cholinga kupereka zotsatira m'deralo kapena zokhudza zonse pathupi. Pa madigiri 20 mankhwala ndi olimba ndi osakaniza a labala, mafuta, mafuta, antioxidants, ndi pophika yogwira.

Ena yamawangamawanga achire Musatenge katundu ndi ntchito kukonza m'mbali mwa chilonda, Anabweza wa khungu m'njira inayake (mu traumatology, cosmetology, pakhungu), kapena atagwira malo Mavalidwe ndi nsalu.

Kuyambira zomatira kwambiri zachipatala ndi maina boma ndipo akupezeka fakitale njira, ndiye mankhwala ntchito yochepa mawonekedwe, kusonyeza yekha dzina mtundu komanso kukula kwake.

sopo

Zodzikongoletsera ndi mankhwala sopo kusiyana pang'ono mu zikuchokera. Yotsirizira analandira pambuyo Kutentha ndi soda ndi mafuta, mmene mafuta limasuka glycerol ndi zidulo zina mafuta. Pofuna catalyze anachita ntchito hydroxide ndi sodium kapena potaziyamu.

Pamene Kuwonjezera madzi akuyamba thovu sopo ndi umakaniko kuyeretsa khungu. Ngati alipo zikuchokera ululu kapena disinfectants, kuwonjezera zotsatira zazikulu, amachepetsa kutupa, totupa kapena kupukuta ukuchiza.

Official sopo zachipatala ndi woyera, odorless ufa omwe akhoza zidzasungunuka mu madzi kapena mowa. Kuonetsetsa kwambiri "wobiriwira sopo" - translucent bulauni kapena Kamaoneka misa ndi fungo otsika.