Ndalama sinthanani

Monetary amasiya yapadera ndalama chida, ponena mabanki ndi ndalama mabungwe ndi makampani padziko lonse. Ngakhale kuti mitundu yonse ya swaps - kuwombola yachilendo, chilungamo ndi chidwi - akugwira ntchito za chomwecho, akale ndi makhalidwe ena.

Chotero opareshoni monga ndalama sinthanani, nthawi zonse amakhala msika ophunzira awiri pofuna kupanga kuwombola kupeza ndalama anakhumba ndi phindu pazipita. Kuti timvetse tanthauzo lalikulu la ndalama sinthanani, zotsatirazi Mwachitsanzo Wonenedwa.

Tiyeni kampani English (Company A) akufuna kulowa msika US ndi kampani US (B) - kuonjezera malo a malonda ake mu UK. Kawirikawiri ngongole ndi ngongole zimene mabanki apereke sanali wokhala makampani, amadwala chidwi kusiyana ndi amene amapatsidwa kwa Makampani m'deralo. Mwachitsanzo, kampani A akhonza kumupatsa ngongole ndalama US pa 10% pa annum, ndi Company B - ngongole ya GBP pansi 9%. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mitengo makampani m'dera n'chochepa kwambiri - 5% and 4% motero. Makampani A ndi B zikhoza kupangidwa pakati pa pangano ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa umene aliyense gulu adzalandira ngongole mu ndalama chawo pa gombe m'dera lanu mitengo yabwino kwambiri ndipo pamenepo adzasala "kusinthanitsa" ngongole kudzera njira yodziwika monga ndalama sinthanani.

Tiyeni tinene kuti ndi mapaundi British ndi kuwombola dola pa msika Ndalama Zakunja pa mlingo wa 1,60 USD kwa 1,00 GBP, ndipo aliyense kampani ayenera yofanana. Mu nkhani iyi, US olimba B adzalandira £ 100 miliyoni ndi kampani A - madola 160 miliyoni. Kumene, iwo adzayenera zoperewerazo malipiro chidwi la mnzawo, koma luso sinthanani chimathandiza Makampani onse kuchepetsa ndalama zawo kuti abwezere ngongole kuwirikiza kawiri.

Pofuna wosalira Mwachitsanzo wakhala analetsa ntchito ya zochita sinthanani wogulitsa ngati mkhalapakati pakati pa zipani ndi iwowo. Kutenga wogulitsa pang'ono kuonjezera ndalama za ngongole kwa amuna ndi akazi komabe mtengo adzakhala wamkulu kwambiri ngati zipani adzakhala ntchito kwa kusinthanitsa luso. Mlingo wa chidwi, zomwe zimawonjezera wogulitsa mtengo wa ngongole, monga ulamuliro, aakulu kwambiri ndipo ali mu uthunthu mfundo khumi maziko.

Iwo ayenera kukumbukira mtundu uwu ntchito monga ndalama chiwongola dzanja sinthanani. Pankhaniyi, maphwando kusinthitsa ndalama chidwi, imatsogoleredwa kubweza ngongole ndalama zakunja.

Tiyeni tione ochepa mfundo zofunika zimene zimapanga wotuluka kuwombola yachilendo swaps zimasiyana ndi zina ntchito zofanana.

Mosiyana sinthanani, amene zochokera ndalama ndi kuchuluka sinthanani yosavuta, ndalama sinthanani kumafuna kuyambirira kenako kuwombola yomaliza ya anavomera pasadakhale kuchuluka udindo ngongole. Mu chitsanzo chathu, kampani ikuchitika kuuzana ndi $ 160 miliyoni kuti £ 100 miliyoni pa chiyambi cha ntchito, ndipo pa mapeto a mgwirizanowo mudzapeza kuwombola chomaliza - umabwerera kwa ndalama maphwando yoyenera. Pa nthawi imeneyi, onse awiri pangozi, chifukwa choyambirira kusinthitsa ndalama ya dollar ndi mapaundi (1.60: 1), mwina kale anasintha.

Komanso, ambiri swaps khalidwe nettingovanie. Mawu akuti kuchepetsa amatanthauza limanena. The sinthanani ndikupeleka ndalama okwana Mwachitsanzo, zipatso index akhoza umasinthanitsidwa ndalama pansi chitetezo ena. Ndalama chipani chimodzi wa ndikupeleka masikito poyerekezera ndi ndalama za chipani zina tsiku chisanadze anavomera yeniyeni, ndipo anachita malipiro chimodzi chokha. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nthawi malipiro zokhudza swaps ndalama, nettingovaniyu kukhala. onse awiri ayambe kugwiritsa malipiro yoyenera mkati tsiku mwasankha.

Motero, ndalama sinthanani - ndi chida chimene chikwaniritsidwa zolinga zikuluzikulu ziwiri. Pa dzanja limodzi, iwo kuchepetsa mtengo wa mtengo wa ngongole ku banki mu ndalama zakunja (monga chitsanzo pamwamba), ndipo winayo, iwo akhoza tchinga kuopsa kuti imakhudzana ndi kusintha mwadzidzidzi pa mitengo kuwombola mu msika Ndalama Zakunja.