"Naloxone": malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito, ndemanga, zofanana

Muzochita zamankhwala, pali nthawi zomwe kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala kumayambitsa kuwonjezera pa zinthu kapena kusokonezeka kwa ziwalo zosiyanasiyana ndi machitidwe. Makamaka mavutowa amayamba chifukwa chokonzekera opioid. Kuti athamangitse kuchoka kwa thupi, madokotala amagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala apadera. Mankhwalawa "Naloxone" ndi mankhwala omwe amathandiza kuwongolera mchitidwe ndi kuwonjezera pa opioid analgesics. Kodi ndi chiyani komanso njira yake yotani? Tiyeni tiyesere kumvetsetsa izi.

Kufotokozera za mankhwala, mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe

Malangizo a mankhwala a "Naloxone" omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa otsutsa opioid receptors. Zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndi naloxone hydrochloride. Mafomu omwe angapezeke pamsika wamagetsi sali osiyana kwambiri, ndi njira yothetsera jekeseni ndi mapiritsi. Zomalizazi sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri m'zochitika zamankhwala. Mtundu wamadzi wa jekeseni wamkati kapena wodwala, m'malo mwake, ndi wofunika kwambiri. Mu njirayi, kuwonjezera pa chogwiritsidwa ntchito, palinso ndondomeko yothandiza othandizira: sodium chloride, madzi oyeretsedwa, ma acid ndi salt.

Mankhwala "Naloxone" amapangidwa mu bulbule ya galasi loonekera ndi pulogalamu ya 1 ml iliyonse. Kuchuluka kwa mankhwala opangika mu mlingo umodzi ndi 0.4 mg.

Chogulitsidwacho chimaphatikizidwa muzitsulo zamkati za pulasitiki zomveka bwino ndi pulasitiki yazitsulo zotchedwa aluminium kapena popanda. Phukusi lililonseli muli 5 buloules.

Mphindi 1 kapena 2 zotsatizana zimayikidwa mu katoni bokosi limodzi ndi malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwala ndi zofufuzira zamakono. Ngati ma buloules ali ndi mphete yapadera kapena mapulogalamu apadera, mipeni yoyenera kulowa mu bokosi siyikidwa.

Njira yothandizira mankhwala "Naloxone"

Monga tanena kale, kukonzekera kwa Naloxone kumatanthawuza ophioid receptor antagonists. Izi zikutanthawuza kuti wothandizila amatha kuletsa mapepalawa, potero amachotsa ntchito yapakati ndi yodutsa ya mankhwala kuchokera ku gulu la opioid. Kuonjezerapo, mankhwalawa ataperekedwa angayambitse matenda obwera chifukwa cha mankhwala.

Pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la Naloxone, njira yowonetsera yomwe ikufotokozedwa pamwambapa, zotsatira zimapezeka mwa kanthawi kochepa. Kutenga mankhwala mofulumira kumayamba kuchitika pakapita mphindi 1-2, ndi kupweteka pakapita maminiti asanu. Kutalika kwa chithandizo cha mankhwala pakadali pano kumadalira njira yothetsera yankho. Ngati mankhwalawa atalowa mu minofu, mankhwalawa amatha pafupifupi mphindi 45, komanso chifukwa cha kulowetsa mkati - osachepera 4 maola.

Akatswiri ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira ya Naloxone yothandizira odwala. Mapiritsi, mosiyana ndi iye, amachita mofooka ndi kwa kanthawi kochepa.

Mankhwalawa amathanso kukhala ndi metabolites m'chiwindi. Nthawi ya kutha kwa theka ndi yaing'ono, mphindi 30-80 zokha. Nthendayi ya 70% ya Naloxone imatulutsidwa ndi impso mkati mwa masiku atatu.

Njira yaikulu ya mankhwala "Naloxone" ndizosatheka kupanga chidaliro pa icho.

Zizindikiro zogwiritsidwa ntchito

Ndi nthawi ziti zomwe ntchito ya mankhwala a Naloxone imalimbikitsidwa? Malangizo ogwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa ali ndi mndandanda wa zochitika zomwe ntchito yake ndi yofunika kwambiri. Choyamba, amauzidwa kwa odwala atachita opaleshoni. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa mankhwala "Naloxone" (ma analogs amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi yopuma) mu nkhaniyi amathandizira kuchotsa wodwalayo mwamsanga kuchokera kuchipatala. Mankhwalawa "Naloxone" amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuthetsa zotsatira za poizoni wa ethanol, overdoses analgesic, barbiturates ndi benzodiazepines.

Kawirikawiri, kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kuli koyeneranso pa kubadwa kwa mwana nthawi yomwe ziwalo za opioid zinayambika mwa mayi nthawi yobereka. Kawirikawiri, ana awa amavutika ndi kudzipuma. Mankhwalawa "Naloxone" amachotsa iwo ndipo amathandiza kupuma ntchito. Njira yothetsera vutoli imagwiritsidwa ntchito komanso ngati chida chogwiritsira ntchito ngati akudandaula kuti alipo wodwala mankhwala.

Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti chikhalidwe chokha cha kugwiritsa ntchito chida ichi ndi umboni wolimba. Ndicho chifukwa chake kuchipatala chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamalitsa malinga ndi mankhwala a dokotala ndi kuyang'aniridwa ndi iye.

Contraindications

Zina mwa zotsutsana ndi kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mankhwalawa "Naloxone" malangizo oti agwiritse ntchito ntchito zizindikiro ndi matenda awa:

• Hypersensitivity kwa mankhwala yogwira ntchito kapena ku chimodzi cha zigawo za mankhwala;
• Matenda a mtima (organic);
• Chiwindi chachikulu ndi matenda a impso;
• Kudalira thupi pamagulu a analgesics.

Mosamala ayenera kupereka mankhwalawa kwa amayi apakati omwe ali ndi chidaliro cha mankhwala, chifukwa mawonetseredwe a matenda ochotsedwa, omwe amawonekera chifukwa cha kuyambitsidwa kwa yankho, akhoza kuwononga mkhalidwe wa mwanayo. Chimodzimodzinso ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa ana obadwa, omwe amai awo panthawi yonse ya mimba amachitira nkhanza mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Mulimonsemo, phindu la mankhwalawa liyenera kupitirira pazomwe zingakhale zovuta kwa wodwalayo. Tikukukumbutsani kuti mankhwala okhaokha a Naloxone amachitidwa. Mankhwala olembedwa m'njira yoyenerera ndi dokotala yemwe akupezekapo amatanthauza kuti wodwala alibe zifukwa zotsutsana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa.

Njira yogwiritsira ntchito ndi mlingo

Mlingo wa mankhwala ndi momwe umapangidwira umatsimikiziridwa ndi katswiri wokhudzana ndi mkhalidwe wamakono wodwalayo. Nawa mankhwala omwe amavomerezedwa kwambiri ndi Naloxone.

Kuchulukanso kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo kwa akuluakulu kumafuna kuyang'anira kwa 0.4 mpaka 2 mg wa mankhwala (1-4 ampoules) mwachangu kapena mwachangu. Mlingo umodzi wokha wa ana amawerengedwa kuchokera kulemera kwa thupi, ndi 0.005-0.01 mg / kg.

Kuchotsa wodwalayo ku tulo lachipatala (pa nthawi ya postoperative), mankhwalawa amathandizidwa ndi intravenously m'magulu otsatirawa: akuluakulu pa mlingo wa 0.1 mg wotsatira jekeseni wachiŵiri mpaka kudzipumitsa kubwezeretsa, kwa ana 0.01 mg / kg kulemera kwa thupi mpaka kupuma kubwezeretsedwa.

Njira yothetsera vutoli imayendetsedwa mwachindunji, mwachangu kapena mwachindunji kwa ana omwe angoyamba kumene kubadwa ndi kuchuluka kwa 0.1 mg / kg wolemera thupi kamodzi.

Ngati kuli kofunikira kuti adziwe ngati mankhwalawa akudalira, mankhwalawa amaperekedwa intravenously pa mlingo wa 0.08 mg.

Zotsatira Zovuta

Zina mwa zotsatira zoyipa za kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwalawa "Naloxone" malangizo amanena izi:

• Nausea, mwinamwake ndi kukhumba kusanza;
• Kuwonjezeka kwa magazi;
• Kusokonezeka kwa mtima wamtima;
• Mitambo ndi kupsinjika;
• Kuwonjezeka thukuta.

Odwala omwe amadalira opioid, mankhwalawa amatha kutsegula m'mimba, kupweteka kwa malo osadziwika bwino, kuphulika kwa mphuno yamphongo, kukhumudwa, kuvutika, m'mimba komanso m'mimba. Zozizwitsa izi zimalingaliridwa ngati "kuswa" kwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Amadutsa mphindi makumi angapo.

Maina a Naloxone

Kodi n'zotheka kubwezeretsa mankhwalawa "Naloxone" ndi mankhwala ofanana? Mafotokozedwe a chida ichi lero ndi ochepa. Izi zikuphatikizapo mankhwala "Narcan", "Naltrexone", "Cyclosocine" ndi "Narcantin". Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pazinthu zamagetsi, zizindikiro ndi zosiyana ndi zofanana ndi zomwe ziri mu ndondomeko ndi mapiritsi a Naloxone. Ndicho chifukwa chake sali oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito pamaso pa ziwombankhanga ku mgwirizano monga naloxone hydrochloride odwala.

Komabe, ali ndi zofunikira zawo. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwalawa "Naltrexone" amatenga nthawi yayitali (pafupifupi maola 24) ndipo amatulutsidwa makamaka pamapiritsi kapena makapulisi a maulamuliro ovomerezeka. Kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito polemba coding kuchokera ku mankhwala osokoneza bongo mwa kutulutsa capsule ndi yankho pansi pa khungu.

Ndemanga za mankhwala

Pakati pa madokotala, mankhwalawa "Naloxone" ali ndi mbiri yabwino. Malingana ndi iwo, zimathandiza kupulumutsa odwala ambiri ngati mwadzidzidzi kapena mwadala mwadongosolo ndi mankhwala kuchokera ku gulu la analgesics ndi / kapena opioids. Ngakhale kuti contraindications ndi zotsatira zambiri, mankhwalawa amawoneka ngati otetezeka kuti agwiritse ntchito. Kuphatikiza apo, ndi thandizo lake kuti mutha kuzindikira kuti mankhwala osokoneza bongo amatha.