Akupanga chilema: malangizo, chithunzi, specifications, mafakitale, yachinsinsi

Investigation ya thupi mwa mafunde akupanga anayamba kugwiritsa kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma lomaliza. The chipangizo kuyeza amatchedwa "akupanga chilema." Chikadzangotha njira anapeza akungoyendayenda kutchuka lonse pakati pa akatswiri ndi anthu amene ali okhudzidwa kafukufuku.

General zokhudza makina

Ultrasound likulowerera mwa zigawo za nkhani olimba, ndiponso mwina kukonza kuli tating'ono kwambiri mng'alu ili mkati mwa chinthu. chipangizo amalola kudziwa chilema akuya 7-50 mamilimita ndi lolondola ± 1 mm.

Akupanga chilema zoyesera ndi magulu a tilinazo. Chotero chizindikiro anatsimikiza zopindika ang'onoang'ono kukula. Kuchuluka kwa ntchito mayunitsi n'chachikulu kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, yopanga zitsulo.

Mwachilengedwe mawonekedwe chipangizo amapereka kugwiritsa ntchito ndi yunifolomu ya zida za. chipangizo zimaonetsa mwatsatanetsatane, kukhala kotheka kupeza zotsatira waudindo ndi kudziwa kumene kuli vuto.

Madera a ntchito chida cha

Chilema kudziwika zochokera ultrasound ingagwiritsidwe ntchito iliyonse zinthu zomangira kupeza pamaso pa ming'alu obisika pores, slag ndi zilema zina.

Madera ambiri monga:

• Welds. Izi ndi ntchito yaikulu ya wagawo ndi.
• zitsulo chachikulu mlatho matabwa, zitsulo, ndodo machubu workpieces.
• Zomangamanga. Chamangiriridwa kugwirizana, njanji kwa sitima ya kapangidwe zitsulo.
• Petrochemical makampani. Afufuze malo mapaipi, katundu mwankhanza nyumba.
• Control ntchito magudumu ndi mikondo kuphunzitsa magalimoto, ndege ankafika zida, Motors kuyimitsidwa, Kireni akugunda, mikondo galimoto, akasinja ndi ziwiya opanikizika.
• kupanga dera. Anatembenuka kuwotcherera seams, soldered mafupa, mankhwala opangidwa ndi kuponyera kulamulira kupirira zipangizo gulu.
• Afufuze zipangizo mbali ndege, mphepo turbines, injini.

Ntchito chilema kunja

Mu mafakitale akupanga chilema zoyesera akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito mu 50 ntchentche. Ndiye mndandanda woyamba zipangizo chubu wakhala analenga. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, iwo anapeza agwira ntchito kugwiritsa ntchito njira akupanga anayendera.

M'mayiko European, kufufuza watenga malo amphamvu. Chimachititsa wachitatu wa buku okwana anayendera mankhwala. Iwo ananenanso kuti, ngakhale zochita zokha ntchito, njira imeneyi amapatsidwa chidwi kwambiri.

Izi zimachitika chakuti wambirimbiri ntchito ikuchitika pa malo monga zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya, mapaipi ndi zolinga zosiyana, nyumba zitsulo, magalimoto, ndi ena. A chizindikiro cha nyumba zonsezi ndi zosiyanasiyana awo, omwe complicates ntchito zokha.

Kugwiritsa ntchito zida mu makampani zoweta

Mu zoweta ulamuliro makampani ultrasound ali ndi udindo waukulu. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi chiwerengero cha ogwira zikugwira ntchito yofanana. Mwachitsanzo, kuyambira 1994 kufika 2000, malinga ndi Ural chitsimikizo Center, izo anayesedwa mu 1475 radiographers. 38% a iwo akhala akatswiri akatswiri ndi akupanga njira. Chosiyana ndi chakuti chiwerengero kwambiri, ogwira ntchito zachokera ulamuliro wa matabwa kuwotcherera.

Mfundo kagulu kathu ka ntchito

akupanga ntchito chowunikira chilema zachokera cheza pulsed. Anasonyeza mafunde phokoso analembedwa ndi kulola kupeza zopindika. Short mphepo tisandulika ndi B1-I3 mbale piezoceramic. Iwo kupyolera wosanjikiza zakuthupi couplant amafalitsidwa mu mawonekedwe a mtengo ndi malangizo yopingasa.

Wosonyezedwa ultrasound Phokoso kanthu pa B1, B3 piezoceramic mbale. EMF kutsegula zikachitika, amene akukhala kusintha mphamvu ndi akulowa lophimba chilema.

Main kulamulira njira

Pali njira zosiyanasiyana za ulamuliro. Ambiri, kukhala mkulu dzuwa, monga:

• Echo njira;
• njira pa galasi mthunzi zochokera;
• osasankhidwa phwando.

Chomwe izo ziri mu chilema?

Akupanga chilema ndi chiyani? chiwembu ikuyimiridwa:

• ndi zimachitika jenereta ;
• kusonyeza zilema;
• burodibandi amplifying chipangizo;
• chipangizo kwa nthawi mayikidwe a matalikidwe ndi;
• voteji yang'anira;
• akatembenuka chipangizo.

galimoto wagawo

zithunzi zojambula zipangizo monga zoyesera akupanga chilema ndi Kuvuta chokwanira.

Mfundo ntchito chipangizo mosavuta anamvetsa ngati ndikuwerenga mosamala akuphatikizapo. Kodi ntchito ndi chipangizo monga chowunikira akupanga chilema, malangizo angakuuzeni.

Midadada yaikulu ya zipangizo zamakono chitsanzo ntchito mfundo zotsatirazi:

• jenereta A amapanga nyemba kuwomba, amapanga Phokoso magetsi yomwe chimwemwe mafunde akupanga mu chipangizo kutembenuka.
• Anasonyeza ultrasound chizindikiro kwa chilema amalandiridwa ndi chimodzimodzi (kapena amaphatikiza dera chithunzi china osiyana) chopatsilira. zizindikiro tisandulika nyemba magetsi anapereka kwa Muzifunsa mkuzamawu lapansi.
• Kusintha phindu mu nthawi kumalamuliridwa ndi nthawi lamulo la tilinazo dongosolo (TCG).
• Kuchuluka kwa kufunika mtengo mbendera ndi athandizira ku mtengo magetsi ndi zodziwikiratu Alamu chizindikiro chilema (ASD).
• The chipangizo synchronizing zipangitsa uziyenda olondola a nthawi ndondomeko yonse ya m'madera nodal chipangizo imodzi ndi kuyambira zimachitika jenereta (kapena ndi ena amazengereza anakonzeratu). Imalimbikitsa kuyambapo timebase zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mtengo chizindikiro.
• Jambulani limathandiza kusiyanitsa kufika nthawi chizindikiro kusinkhasinkha zinthu zomwe zili pa mtunda wosiyana chopatsilira wa. Synchronizer komanso kutsogolela za kayendesedwe TCG zotchinga ndi SDA.
• Zipangizo modzaza chipangizo kuyeza matalikidwe ndi kufika nthawi ya zimachitika akusonyeza. Chiwembu cha kulolerana awo analengedwa mu yofanana osiyana. Kuyeza chipangizo njira zizindikiro analandira kuchokera mkuzamawu ndi kafalitsidwe nthawi chipangizo synchronizing, ndi zotuluka zizindikiro digito kwa zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mtengo chizindikiro kapena bolodi osiyana.

chipangizo kasinthidwe

Kuika chowunikira akupanga chilema akuyamba ndi unsembe wa m'badwo khola mu chipangizo voteji kutembenuka. Pa nthawi yomweyo anagwira kusankha resistor R39. Pamenepo analandira anakhumba kubwerezabwereza pafupipafupi (120-150 cpm / s), kusankha ikuchitika resistor R2.

matalikidwe index wa 70-80 nyemba / gawo Chikupindulidwa kusankha dynistor V1. Ndiye chikufanana capacitors C22 ndi C26, amene sasintha atakhala malire ndi makina injini resistors R30 ndi R35 ndi monostable multivibrator kuchedwa nthawi nyemba (10-25 microseconds) sayenera kulamulidwa (7-45 microseconds).

afufuze zipangizo

Yotsimikiza wa chowunikira akupanga chilema anapanga m'njira zosiyanasiyana:

• Woyamba lagona kulolerana wa wapadera dera chithunzi simulating chipangizo emitting mayeso chizindikiro. The downside pogwiritsa ndi kuwasokoneza ndi chipangizo circuitry alephera onani chipika zowulutsira.
• Mumadziwika ndi njira wochitidwa ndi kayeseleledwe wa chizindikiro Echo, cheza awo mu dongosolo kasinthidwe. Kenako phwando ndi kufufuzidwa yekha chilema thirakiti electroacoustic. Pali zinaphatikizapo emitting ndi kulandira mbali ya magetsi wagawo chipangizo ofanana kafukufuku ndi magetsi zingwe kulumikiza kafukufuku kuti wagawo ndi. The downside zoterozo mayeso ndi ntchito okha njira chilema ndi mosalekeza yoweyula akupanga mafunde ndi chizindikiro processing potengera mmene Doppler. njira savomereza kayendetsedwe ka zitsanzo zambiri zamakono zipangizo imafalitsidwa padziko lonse.
• Yotsimikiza ikuchitika chowunikira akupanga chilema, ndi njira zina. Bukuli lili ndi mfundo yakuti wagawo lamayimbidwe yakwera chitsanzo pogwiritsa ntchito malo madzi kulankhula ndi nyemba pamwamba. Izi zimathandiza lumikiza lamayimbidwe pakati pa chipika nyemba ndi zowulutsira. Unit lamayimbidwe limatulutsa mafunde akupanga mu chitsanzo. Anaonetsera kuchokera mkati chizindikiro imaonetsa Echo amalandira nakweza mu chitsanzo. Ndi kusankha osakhalitsa, amene kudyetsedwa kwa chipangizo chizindikiro. Pa khalidwe la wagawo ndi aweruzidwa ndi mlingo wa zizindikiro Alamu. Kukhazikitsa njira imeneyi imagwira ntchito chipangizo chitsulo kapena ndi galasi organic ndi amasonyeza oyenerera mkati. zipangizo zofanana ntchito ndi onse opanga chilema kutsogolera lonse.

Popular zitsanzo chilema

Kuchokera pa ndandanda lonse zipangizo, ndi a high quality, mwina kudziŵika, akupanga chowunikira chilema opanga monga OmniScan, umodzi, Sonic, Phasor. Ndipo mwa zipangizo zoweta, ayenera kulabadira mtundu CA-2, CA-3, "Kuchitira" zipangizo A1212 zino. Iwo amakhala odalirika.

M'banja zipangizo Series UD akhoza zimachitika chilengedwe, monga iwo samangokhala nacho osiyanasiyana miyezo ndi mphamvu luso, komanso akhoza opareshoni mu modes zosiyanasiyana malinga ndi zolinga zenizeni. A anasonyeza lonse kuwala ndi phokoso chizindikiro mosavuta ntchito ndi chipangizo.

opanga yachilendo ya zida akupanga mayeso zokolola zosiyana zoikamo kusintha. Iwo ndi pang'ono olimbika, kukula ang'onoang'ono. Izi si vuto, chipangizo konsekonse chifukwa wantchito wamba.

Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa zipangizo OmniScan kukhala wolemera ya ntchito zimene zimapanga khamu phased. Izi zimathandiza kuti mukulitse mphamvu muyeso ndi kupeza zotsatira zolondola.

Lonse zimasintha gawo sayenera zimabweretsa chisokonezo wogula a. Pambuyo akupanga chilema specifications osiyana ndi wina chipangizo ubwino zake ndi vuto ntchito pa zochitika zina.

Universal akupanga chowunikira chilema, chipangizo ndi miyeso yaing'ono chipangizo zikugwira ntchito pa mafurikwense m'munsi, chipangizo ali okonzeka ndi casing zoteteza - kotero wolemera osiyanasiyana chimathandiza kupeza chipangizo yoyenera yomwe angathe kulamulira zinthu zipangizo zosiyanasiyana.

Kodi kuyang'ana pamene kugula?

Pogula galimoto, kulabadira zizindikiro zotsatirazi:

• The portability chipangizo. Chizindikiro mulingo woyenera adzakhala kuyatsa kulemera kwa chipangizo. Ngati chipangizo ndi yaying'ono, ndiye doubly wabwino.
• Kuwachepetsera ntchito. The zoikamo zochepa patsogolo, ndi zosavuta kugwira ntchito ndi chipangizo.
• Kulephera mawonekedwe. Izi ndi zofunika kwambiri, monga pamakhala palibe maphunziro apadera novice mu izo basi sindikumvetsa. The mawonekedwe kwenikweni iyenera kukhala yomveka bwino kupewa mavuto alionse pamene inu kuyatsa wina kapena mwina wina.
• Pamaso pa khadi chitsimikizo ndi utumiki. Samalani ndi zida sapulaya ndi mavenda.
• chipangizo ayenera wosakanikirana ndi transducer piezoelectric amapangidwa kunja. Chinthu chomwecho ndi zofunika pamene kugula zipangizo zoweta.
• Kupezeka kwa momveka bwino zafotokozedwa malangizo opaleshoni.