Mwayi mtengo - ndi chiyani ichi?

ndondomeko iliyonse ya moyo - mndandanda wa chisankho. Kusankha aganyali udachita ndalama kugula zida zatsopano, mwini akukana nambala wopandamalire ntchito zotheka. Apa ndi apo ndi ndalama mwayi. Izo ntchito phindu kwa chigamulo mokomera njira yabwino patapita Inde anakonza kanthu. Iwo zimaonetsa phindu limene amayenera adzasiyidwa, chosasankha chomaliza. Chimaulula lingaliro - lingaliro kuti bwino wosakanikirana kuti akonze awiri zochitika zosiyana kwenikweni. Mwachitsanzo, kusankha pakati kugula pa ndalama zimene amapeza nthawi panopa zida zatsopano kapena kuwonjezeka mu antchito ntchito ntchito.

Mbiri ya phunziroli

Mawu akuti "mwayi mtengo" - kulenga mankhwala a zachuma ku Austria Friedrich Von Wieser. Iye adayamba ntchito buku lake "Chiphunzitsochi wa Economy Social," yofalitsidwa mu 1914. Komabe, lingaliro kalekale m'dera maphunziro. Benjamin Franklin anakonza mawu otchuka akuti: "Nthawi ndi ndalama -". Lingaliro wake ananena mu buku la "Malangizo kwa amalonda wamng'ono" mu 1764. Franklin anatchulapo chitsanzo cha munthu amene amapezera makobiri khumi ndi tsiku. Taganizirani mpumulo wake. Mulole izo amathera pa zosangalatsa sixpence ndi usana. Koyamba, ndalama zake ndi yomveka. sixpence izi. Komabe, pali njira mwayi ndalama - makobiri asanu, amene iye akanakhoza kupeza theka la tsiku. Choncho wotchuka mawu a Franklin nthawi imeneyo - nthawizonse ndalama. Ndi zoonekeratu pamaso pa lingaliro la mwayi mtengo mu nkhaniyo "Popeza kuti timaona ndi zimene samaoneka" Frederic Bastiat, wolembedwa mu 1848. wolemba anatchulapo chitsanzo cha fanizo la moto wosweka. Iwo debunks anthu ankakhulupirira kuti zimene tsoka, nkhondo, uchigawenga, ndi ndifotokoze mavuto ena angathandize kukula zachuma. Akamanena za otsimikiza kuti mnyamata anagogoda pa zenera ndipo anathamangira ku ophika buledi ndi. m'malo mwake ndalama 3000 mayunitsi muyezo. Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti mwambo umenewu si negative. Glazier adzalandira zina 3,000 mayunitsi ochiritsira, ndiye amathera iwo, ndipo izi zidzapangitsa kuti chitsitsimutso cha chuma m'deralo. Koma maganizo amenewa, malinga Bastiat, pali kulakwitsa. Iwo kwagona kuti wophika ayenera ndalama pa kubwezeretsa zenera za m'thumba mwake. Ndipo ndalamazo adzalandira zochepa alimi ena m'chigawo. Ndipotu, iwo akanakhoza angathe ogula wophika. Choncho, chuma alibe apindula, ndipo anataya 3,000 mayunitsi ochiritsira. Oimira Keynesian amakhulupirira kuti mnyamata tingapindule chuma, koma panthawi ya mavuto, pamene chuma underutilized. Austria chuma mofanana Bastiat mu nthawi yake, kutanthauzira fanizo ayi. Tiyerekeze kuti mnyamata kwenikweni analipira glazier. Ndiye, kamodzi zimaonekeratu kuti Ndipotu pali kuba 3000 mayunitsi ochiritsira. chuma osati Polemeretsedwa, benefitted chabe glazier, ndi likuvutika ena.

kuwunikira

Pamene wazamalonda wasankha pa ndalama ndi ndalama, iye kufunafuna njira ndi kubwerera apamwamba. Nthawi zambiri kudziwa mlingo ankayembekezera ndalama profitability ndi nthawi payback. Komabe, nkhani iliyonse yomaliza nthawi zonse zinadzala ndi zikamera wa ndalama zina. Mwachitsanzo, wazamalonda akusankha pakati kugula zida zatsopano ndi ndalama mu sheya. Kodi si chisankho anapangidwa, amagwirizanitsidwa ndi ndalama mwayi. Izi ndi kusiyana pakati pa profitability ankayembekezera njira osankhidwa, ndipo ndi imene adzasiyidwa.

ndalama mwayi imathandizanso zofunika kudziwa kapangidwe likulu. amasankha kukuza nthawi zonse kugwirizana ndi zina. Ndi lolondola kuneneratu za profitability kwenikweni zimadalira kusankha olondola. khalidwe lina n'kofunika chiopsezo. M'pofunikanso kuganizira pamene zochita. Kuli pa choopsya ndi chifukwa kuti kampani si nthawi zonse kusankha kwambiri malonda yotheka, pa Koyamba, ndi zosinthika.

Tsiku ndi tsiku

Economic ndalama mwayi - lingaliro kuti sikawirikawiri ntchito ndi anthu wamba. Koma kwenikweni, ntchito zake mwa kupanga zosankha zofunika zokhudza kuba ndalama, zingakhale zothandiza. Mwachitsanzo, taganizirani kugula nyumba yatsopano yaikulu. Ambiri mu chisankho chabe kuganizira ubwino ndi kuipa kwa kugula chotero, angayamikire bwino nkhani zanu banki. Koma chifukwa ife akusowa mtengo mwayi. N'kutheka kuti nyumba yaikulu, sitiri lofunikira, ndi ndalama izi zikhoza ntchito pa maulendo kapena maphunziro kuti adzabweretsa zinthu zatsopano ndi zomwe adzabweretsa ndalama m'tsogolo. Kapena tione chitsanzo china. Tinene kuti kugula tsiku ndi cheeseburger kwa $ 4.5. Ngati kukuchititsa zimenezi adzapitiriza zaka 25, adzatsogolera osati ndi kuwonongeka thanzi lathu. Pankhaniyi, mwayi ndalama wofanana $ 52.000. Ndipo izi, ngati kuyala mlingo profitability la ndalama mu 5%.

ndalama zolaula

Pali mitundu iwiri ya mtengo mwayi. Zolaula kugwirizana ndi ndalama mwachindunji ndalama za opanga. Mwachitsanzo, ndalama mphamvu komanso kuti kampani ya mwezi $ 100. ndalama angathe kuigwiritsa Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa kugula chosindikizira. Zolaula ndalama mwayi ndi $ 100.

ndalama kunatanthauza

Mosiyana ndi gulu loyamba la ndalama, sizimaoneka bwino mu kampani pepala bwino. Iwo ali oyanjana ndi chiopsezo cha kulephera. Mwachitsanzo, Mlengi ndi anagula matani 1,000 wa zitsulo ndi makina kuyamba kupanga zida zina. Kunatanthauza ndalama mwayi Pankhaniyi adzakhala wofanana ndi ndalama anataya chifukwa chakuti iye anali adaugulitsa anagula, osati lendi kunja mphamvu zawo.

Kusankha ndi kuchuluka

Tikumbukenso kuti mtengo mwayi - ndi Mulimonsemo si zotheka kuchuluka kwa ndalama kuti njira zina zonse. Izi mlingo adzabweranso ndi imodzi mwa iwo okha. Tom, yemwe ndi wachiwiri ankayembekezera kubweranso. Ngati munthu akapanda kugwira ntchito, monga chitsanzo cha Franklin, ndiye njirayi ndi zinadzala ndi mtengo mwayi. Ngati ife kusankha kupita kukawonera makanema mmalo mokhala kukhala mu ofesi, ndalama kuonjezera. Iwo adzakhala ofanana kwa ndalama kumene akanakhala amazipeza tsiku, kuphatikiza mtengo wa matikiti.

Chilamulo mtengo wamwayi

Yopanga mwayi pamapindikira limasonyeza kusankha zifukwa ziwiri ndondomeko. Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa izo, nthawi yomweyo zimaonekeratu kuti ndalama mwayi kuonjezera ndi buku la linanena bungwe la katundu ndi kuchepetsa wina. Iwo likukhalira kuti nthawi muli nsembe zambiri zabwino chachiwiri. Kungonena chilamulo cha kuchuluka kwa ndalama mwayi. ntchito yake yakuti si zinthu zonse aliyense ali ndi mosinthana. Tiyerekeze ife kukula chimanga ndi tirigu, koma anaganiza pang'onopang'ono kuyamba reorientation mokomera zakale. Komabe, si onse m'dziko mofanana abwino kwa ankafika zikhalidwe zonse. Ndipo tidzayamba ntchito m'madera molongosoka pa nthawi.

imfa Deadweight

Tsopano, pamene tidadzatulukira kuti mwayi mtengo - kusiyana pakati pa mlingo ankayembekezera kubweranso kwa njira anasankhidwa ndi njira yachiwiri bwino, mungaganize mfundo zina. Wapafupi kwambiri mu tanthauzo mfundo ndi irrecoverable zomvetsa. kusiyana kwake kwagona kuti amaona watha ndalama. Tikaganiza za mtengo wamwayi, kuchuluka akadali mu thumba wathu. Mukhoza nthawi iliyonse kusintha chigamulochi, ndi kuti aganyali mu njira ina. Koma zomvetsa irrecoverable otani pamene ife padera phindu lathu. mawerengedwe awo kumayambitsa kupanda kusankha.

Mwachitsanzo

Mu vuto lathu, wazamalonda ali yachiwiriyo. Woyamba tichipeza mu pakuika msika katundu. The chachiwiri - kuti aganyali kugula zida zatsopano, nalingilira kuti zingawonjezere zokolola za ulimi. Izi zimabweretsa ndalama m'munsi opaleshoni ndipo kuwonjezera phindu masamba. Tiyerekeze kuti zipatso sheya ndi 12%. Ndipo kugula zida adzabweretsa 10 okha% pa chaka kuchuluka waikamo. Kumene, kampani adzasankha njira choyamba - pakuika sheya. ndalama A mwayi - ndi mu iyi Mwachitsanzo 2% ya ndalama waikamo.