Mwachidule yonena Ivana Zaharovicha Surikova

Ivan Zaharovich Surikov - ndakatulo ndi luso ndi kudzikonda anaphunzitsa, amene anali kuimira otchuka "osauka" azimuth mabuku. Ntchito akhala wowerengeka nyimbo: "Ndinakulira wamasiye", "steppe", "Rowan," etc. M'mawu a ndakatulo analemba nyimbo ndi Oimba ngati wotchuka ngati Tchaikovsky, Dargomyzhsky, Rimsky-Korsakov ndi Borodin ... M'nkhani ino inu Adzaperekedwa mwachidule mbiri Surikov Ivan Zakharovich. Tiyeni tiyambepo.

ubwana

Ivan Surikov anabadwa m'mudzi Novoselova (Yaroslavl Province) mu 1841. awisi ankakhala Moscow. Pali anapita kuntchito, adakali mnyamata. Poyambirira ndinali kukhala ndi wothandizira, ndiyeno atumikire monga kapitawo pa msika. Motero, bambo wake Ivan anatsegula masamba ake shopu. Zahar Surikov apo anafika m'mudzi kuchezera achibale.

Kusamukira ku Moscow

Kwa zaka zisanu ndi zinayi nadwala, ofooka ndi chete Ivan ankakhala m'mudzi. bata ake, mtendere, yosavuta moyo ndi kukongola kwa malo opanda anapanga pa tsogolo kuganiza ndakatulo chosatha. Kwa zaka zambiri, owerenga adzatha kusunga mu ntchito Surikov okongoletsedwa motif. Koma lino ... Mu 1849, Ivan ndi mayi ake anasamukira ku Moscow bambo ake. Mzinda ndi mpweya wake lokhuthala lolepheretsa anthu kupuma, kuchepa kwa malo, dothi ndi phokoso kusokoneza mnyamata. Komanso anali yekha. Mu chaka chakhumi cha moyo makolo anga anapereka Ivan maphunziro Finogenov alongo wamalonda banja. Iwo amaphunzitsa ndakatulo ya mpingo ndi zilembo boma, kulemba, kuwerenga, chipembedzo, ndi zina zotero. D. sadzachitanso kulemba, ang'ono Surikov anali adyera "kuyamwa" bukuli. Ndipo anawerenga zonse anabwera m'manja. Iwo anali mabuku, ndi kuyenda ndi maphwando a nkhani, ndi miyoyo ya oyera mtima, ndi zina zotero. D.

Ankadziwa ndakatulo

Posachedwa yonena Ivana Zaharovicha Surikova kudzadza ndi chochitika chidwi - nthawi yoyamba, mnyamatayo anali kuwerenga ndakatulo. Iyo inali nthano Dmitriev, ndipo ambiri nyimbo Tsygankova Merzlyakov mabuku. Nditawerenga ntchito za izi mnyamata ndinamverera kukopa mwakabisira kuti ndakatulo. Popeza Ivan anaphunzitsidwa "pa njira yakale," iye sanawerenge ndakatulo ndi kuyimba. Izi "mwachibadwa" njira Surikov ntchito m'tsogolo kutsimikizira kukula kwa zolengedwa awo. Ndipo adawasiya iwo okha pamene anakumana ndi chiphunzitso cha versification. Amene ankakhala m'dera kapitawo Xenophon Dobrotvorsky kwambiri asiye mnyamata kuwerenga. Nthawi zonse anamupatsa mabuku ku laibulale wake.

ntchito Woyamba ndi ndime yoyamba

Kamodzi Ivan Zaharovich Surikov, kanthawi yonena amene amadziwika kwa anthu onse okonda ndakatulo Russian, anafika unyamata, bambo a mnyamata pansi kumbuyo kauntala. Iye alibe chidwi ndi changu a mnyamatayu. Koma Ivan sanafooke ndipo anapitiriza kuwerenga iwo ankachita. Posakhalitsa achinyamata ndakatulo anafotokoza ntchito yeniyeni. The mnyamata analemba ndime yoyamba, amene anauziridwa ndi chinachitika ku nyumba yawo ikuyaka. Dobrotvorsky kutamandidwa Surikov ndipo anamulangiza kuti apitirize. Potengera mawu a wakeyo, Ivan analemba masewero angapo mu mawonekedwe a pesentyabr.

kutsutsa

Ndi 1857 Ivan Zaharovich Surikov, kanthawi mbiri yomwe kwake pepala ili, analemba buku la ndakatulo. The mnyamata sadzachitanso anadutsa zaka 16. Potsatira malangizo a abwenzi, iye ananditengera iye kutali zolengedwa awo kuti andakatulo awiri Russian. Mmodzi wa iwo anatenga gawo ndipo anapereka malangizo ofunda. Wachiwiri anafika ngati review akumane kuti Ivan kugunda miyala pansi. Komabe, wolemba ndakatulo wamng'ono sanasinthe ndime, koma anayamba kulimbikira. Surikov bwino sonority, yosalala ndi mawonekedwe a ntchito zawo. Ndipo kwakhululukidwa: panali luso ndi kuphweka mafano ndakatulo ndi.

chitayiko bambo

Posachedwa awisi anaganiza nyamulani patsogolo ntchito za malonda. Wambiri Ivan Zakharovich Surikov limanena kuti moyo wake nthawi imeneyo anapanga kuzungulira latsopano. Ngakhale wakewo watsopano (malipoti ndi ntchito kumbuyo kauntala), wolemba ndakatulo wamng'ono anali kupeza nthawi chibwana amakonda. Pofuna kulemera msanga, bambo Ivan anayamba kusewera pa mafuko. Izi zapangitsa kuti zomvetsa kwambiri. Zahar anali kumwa, kokha zachititsanso zinthu. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, onse imawonongeka sitolo yake. awisi anakakamizika kuchoka m'mudzimo, ndi ndakatulo wamng'ono ali kuthandiza m'bale Zahara a.

Ntchito ndi Amalume

Wambiri Surikova Ivana Zaharovicha Limati nthawi imeneyi moyo wake wonse mwachilungamo lolemera. Cranky ndi cantankerous amalume kwambiri dawunilodi wamng'ono ndakatulo ntchito. Ivan sikuti anali kutumikira makasitomala, koma kundipulumutsa mankhwala makasitomala, komanso kusesa shopu. Free nthawi kuwerenga amakonda ndi ndime pafupifupi munthu kusankha. Moyo wa amalume ake anakhala mumamva. Chifukwa, Surikov anagulitsa malo athu onse kupezeka ndi lendi chipinda chaching'ono pa Tverskaya. Komanso, iye ndi mayi ake ankachita nawo kugula ndi kugulitsa zidutswa akale. Iwo anapita makamaka ndawala, pamene Ivan, kuwonjezera chitsulo, anayamba kugulitsa mwala ndi makala.

palokha

Pambuyo wosadalira, wolemba ndakatulo anali kubwerera kwa chibwana amakonda. Chiyambireni cha yonena 60 Ivana Zaharovicha Surikova apindula ndi zochitika zingapo zofunika. Mmodzi wa iwo anadziwa ndi ndakatulo Pleshcheev. Last anaona talente mnyamatayo ndipo kumutsogolera kupititsa patsogolo kudziletsa maphunziro ndi zilandiridwenso. Ena mwa ndakatulo bwino kwambiri Pleshcheev anatumiza kwa mkonzi wa magazini "Entertainment" Miller. The woyamba inafalitsidwa mu 1863. Yasintha ndi kupambana, Ivan anakhala okhwima maganizo kwa chilengedwe cha ntchito zawo. Pleshcheev anamuthandiza akulitse mzere ndi mawonekedwe. Koma posakhalitsa anafika mavuto mu moyo achinyamata ndakatulo a.

siteji kovuta

Ivan Zaharovich Surikov (mwachidule mbiri, anafuna kuti ana, ndi nkhani ya nthawi iyi) mayi ake anamwalira, ndipo anabwerera ku mudzi wa atate wake. Anakwatirayo ndi mwana wake ndipo adatsogolera moyo aledzera. Ndiye Zahar anakwatira raskolnitse - mkazi grumpy ndi khalidwe waukulu. Ivan sanathe kulekerera ndi anachoka kunyumba. Pakuti ndakatulo wamng'ono anayamba moyo wathunthu wa kuyendayenda, njala ndi kufufuza zonse ntchito. Surikov ayesera ntchito zingapo: ntchito ku chosindikiza, mlembi, improvised ...

Timasangalala latsopano

Pamene sitepe-mayi anasiya lija ku Zahar khungu, Ivan kachiwiri anakakhala bambo ake ndi kuchita malonda. Ine musaiwale za izo ndi cholembera. "Entertainment", "Yojambulidwa Nyuzipepala", "mlungu yopuma" - awa ndi mabuku omwe lofalitsidwa Surikov Ivan Zaharovich (Wambiri ana Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kwambiri, ngati mukuwerenga iwo osachepera malemba angapo ndakatulo ya m'magazini izi). Luntha ndi mbiri ya ndakatulo adakula mu kupitirira zojambula. Mu 1871 anapita m'chigawo choyamba cha ntchito zake, kuphatikizapo zidutswa 54.

Circle woyimba wodzilamulira anaphunzitsa

Mu mwachidule mbiri Surikov Ivan Zakharovich kokatha. Patsalanso kuti awulule angapo mfundo zofunika. Ivan nthawi zonse chidwi ndi kudziona anaphunzitsa chomwecho, monga Iye. Choncho Surikov anaganiza kukonza bwalo, zimene m'gulu Radienov, Grigoriev, razzorenie, Derunov, Kondratiev, Tarusin ndi ena. Palimodzi iwo anamasulidwa mu 1872 Almanac "Dawn". Ndipo mu 1875, linasindikizidwa 2 kope mavesi zosonkhanitsira ndakatulo. Izi zikutiuza mbiri iliyonse Ivana Zaharovicha Surikova. Ana amene, poyamba, iye analemba ndakatulo zodabwitsa. Ngati m'ma 70s pachimake anagwa ndakatulo ntchito ya nkhani ngwazi wathu.

m'zaka zaposachedwapa

Izo zinali zonse yonena Zakharovich wa Ivan Surikov. Mu zaka zomalizira za moyo wake wolemba ndakatulo anali mu mavuto ambiri. Ndalama si kokwanira. Izi kuchichepetsa thanzi lake ndi mphamvu. Mwakayakaya Surikov inayamba mu 1879. Wolemba ndakatulo zachitika mowa. Kope chachitatu cha ntchito zake anawabweretsa ena zipangizo, ndi Ivan Z. anapita kwa iwo kuchitiridwa mu Samara steppe. Ndi cholinga chomwecho, anakhala ku Crimea. Koma mankhwala sachiza, mowa ali patsogolo. Mu April 1880 wolemba ndakatulo anamwalira ndipo anaikidwa ku Moscow pa Pyatnitskaya manda.

Mu 1910, angapo Russian mabuku m'dera phwando la chikumbutso 30 cha imfa ya Surikov. Pa nthawiyi, pa manda a ndakatulo ndi chipilala a.