Momwe mungakulitsire chitsime? Kukulitsa Chitsime Ndi Manja Anu: Njira, Technology

Mukawona kuti mwadzidzidzi madzi akumwa mumsana, izi zikhoza kukhala zotsatira za nyengo zosadziwika. Muzochitika zoterezi, vutoli ndi lofunika kwa magwero onse omwe ali m'chigawo. Ngakhale kuti kuchepa kwa madzi kunkadziwika kokha mu chitsime chimodzi ndipo kumapitiriza kwa nthawi yaitali, ndiye kusintha kwa hydrogeological ndi chifukwa. Izi zimaphatikizapo kuwonjezeka mofulumira pamwamba pa pansi ndi kuchepa mu debit of water. Pofuna kubwezeretsa nkhokwe yowonjezera, m'pofunikira kukulitsa mitsinje. Pachifukwa ichi, mphete zina zowonjezera zimayikidwa, zomwe zimakhala zochepa kwambiri.

Zitetezero za chitetezo

Ndi bwino kupanga ntchito zotere pogwiritsa ntchito othandizira, koma ngati mwasankha kuchita izi mwachinyengo, ndiye kuti mukutsatira njira zotetezera. Izi ziyenera chifukwa chakuti, pozama kwambiri, munthu ali pachiopsezo. Ngati pamtunda muli ndi chitsime, kuwonjezeka kungapangidwe palokha, kumaphatikizapo kuyang'ana mfundo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga. Ngati pali madzi m'chitsime, choyamba chofunika kuchitulutsa, pokhapokha mutatha kuyamba kuchotsa nthaka pogwiritsa ntchito zidebe. Mbuye yemwe ali mgodi ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito inshuwaransi. Ngati pangakhale kuwonongeka kwabwino, munthu ayenera kutengedwera mmwamba mwamsanga.

Kukonzekera kwa zipangizo zogwirira ntchito

Kupititsa patsogolo chitsime kumafuna kukonzekera mpope, nthawi zambiri pamakhala phokoso lamapepala awiri kamodzi, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popopera madzi. Zidzatenga fosholo yapadera, yomwe imakhala ndi galasi lalifupi. Konzani zidebe zingapo, aliyense ali ndi volume yosiyana. Ndi bwino kuganizira kuti kudzakhala kofunikira kukweza nthaka, chifukwa ichi muyenera kugula zipangizo zamakono. Konzani mphoto yomwe imatha kupirira miyeso ya 600 kilogalamu. Mudzasowa makwerero ndi chingwe. Kupititsa patsogolo chitsime kumakhala kosavuta ngati muli ndi zipangizo zowunikira pankhondo yanu.

Ndikofunika kumvetsera mwatcheru kukonzekera kwa mbuye, ayenera kukhala ndi zovala zosavala madzi, chisoti, ndi nsapato zapira.

Kutsimikiza kwa mimba ya mphete

Kuzama kwa chitsime kumapereka chisankho cha mzere wa mphete, zomwe zimapangidwa ndi konkire. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito. Chiwerengerochi chiyenera kukhala chocheperapo kukula kwake komwe kamangidwe kale. Mapulogalamu ochepa kwambiri, omwe ndi ofanana ndi masentimita 80, amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati galasi lonselo liri lolunjika. Kulemera kwake kwa mphetezo kumakhala kofanana ndi masentimita 90. Pogwiritsira ntchito mphete za sukulu КС-8.9 kapena КС-8.10 zingatheke kuchepetsa kusiyana pakati pa zigawo zikuluzikulu za mthunzi, kuzipanga kukhala zofanana ndi masentimita atatu.Ngati chitsulo chikugwedezeka m'mphetezo, Diameter. Chiwerengerochi chikhale chofanana ndi masentimita 70. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kusiyana pakati pa mphete zatsopano komanso zatsopano zimakula. Mukhoza kuchotsa ndi miyala yamtengo wapatali kapena mwala wachilengedwe.

Tekeni yamakono yozama

Chitsimecho chafalikira molingana ndi dongosolo linalake. Yambani ntchito ayenera kukhala ndi madzi akupopera. Ngati kulowera kwa madzi ndi kosavomerezeka, ndiye kuti njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito njira zosayenera. Popanda kutero, gwirizanitsani mpope ku ndondomekoyi. Pambuyo pomaliza madzi, mungayambe kukweza nthaka, mchenga, komanso madothi pansi. Kufufuzidwa kuchokera pansi pa mphete yotsika kwambiri kungayambitse kugonjetsa kwake ndi kupatukana ndi migodi. Pofuna kuchotsa mkhalidwe uno, mphete ziyenera kumangirizidwa ndi zida zazitsulo kapena mbale. Nthaŵi zina zimenezi zimachitika panthawi ya zomangamanga. Makamaka zodalirika zowonjezereka ndizofunika pamene mphete zimakwera pa quicksand. Apo ayi, mphete zotsikazo zikhoza kupasulidwa kumbali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yosavuta.

Mbali za ntchito

Ngati chitsime chimawonjezeka ndi manja ake, chiyenera kuonetsetsa kuti mthunziwo ukutsitsika mpaka pansi pa nthaka. Mzere wambiri ayenera kuikidwa kuchokera pamwamba. Ngati kusagwiritsira ntchito zipangizo zamakonozi ndizovuta kuti mphete zikhoza kumenyedwa ndi nthaka kuti pakhale phokoso pamtundu wochokera pamwamba ndi zipangizo zolemera zomwe sangathe kusuntha.

Madontho a ntchito

Pamene zitsime zikukonzekedwa ndi kukulitsidwa, miyala ikuluikulu ikhoza kukumana panjira yopita pansi pamtambo. Ayenera kuyesedwa kuti awatole lonse. Ngati simungathe kuchita zinthu zoterezi, mwalawu uyenera kuthyoledwa kukhala mbali imodzi pogwiritsa ntchito jackhammer. Kuwonongeka kwa miyala kumatha kupezeka mwa kutenthetsa mobwerezabwereza maziko ake ndiyeno kuzizira mwadzidzidzi. Kuti mugwiritse ntchito posachedwapa, gwiritsani ntchito madzi.

Kodi mbuyeyo ayenera kudziwa chiyani asanayambe ntchito?

Njira yamakono yowonjezera bwino mankhwala, monga tawatchula kale, kugwiritsa ntchito mphete zochepa. Ngati mphetezo zinkagwiritsidwa ntchito, zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi mita imodzi, ndiye kuti pulasitiki iyenera kupangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphete zomwe m'mimba mwake zimakhala zofanana ndi 0,8 m'kati mwake. Ngati chitsimecho chikanakonzedwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphete zomwe zili m'mimba mwake ndizofanana ndi 0.8, ndiye mugwiritsire ntchito mphete, yomwe mndandanda womwewo utchulidwawo ndi wofanana ndi 0,6 m'mimba mwake. Kuchuluka kwa zitsime mu dziko kapena kudera linalake kulibwino makamaka nthawi ya autumn kapena yozizira. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti nthawi imeneyi, madzi otsika kwambiri m'nthaka akuwonetsedwa. Zimayesedwa kuti ziyambe kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'chaka, popeza madzi akuya ali pamtunda wake. Ataponyedwa, zikhoza kutanthawuza kuti kuya kwake sikukwanira kupereka madzi kunyumba nthawi yonse.

Zizindikiro za njira zosiyanasiyana

Musanayambe ntchitoyi, nkofunika kulingalira njira zonse zozama bwino. Ngati njirayi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito mphete zochepa, musagwiritse ntchito zipangizo zamakono. Zimaphatikizapo kukumba pansi pa nthaka ndikukhazikitsa gawolo. Izi zingachititse kuti minda ikhale yosasunthika ndi kuichotsa izi zidzakhala zovuta kwambiri. Ndibwino kuti pang'onopang'ono kuchepetsedwa pamene kugwirizana konse kumapangidwa mkati mwa ngalande. Chifukwa chake zomwe zimafotokozedwa kuti ziwonetsedwe zimayesedwa kuti ndizoopsa, ziyenera kuchitidwa zofunika zotetezera. Choncho, ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mphetezo zili bwino ndi zitsulo. Izi zidzathetseratu kusweka kwa zigawo.

Ndiyenera kuyang'ana chiyani?

Ntchito yomanga ndi kuyambilira kwa zitsime ziyenera kuchitika kokha ngati mutheka kuthetsa mphete zomwe zagulidwa kuti asakhale osagwirizana. Ngati alipo, ndiye kuti kugula kwawo kuyenera kutayidwa. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti zolakwa zingathe kukhala cholepheretsa potsitsa mphetezo pansi pa mthunzi. Musaiwale kuti mutatha kutulutsa madzi muyenera kuyeretsa pansi. Mbuyeyo ayenera kuchotsa nthaka, yomwe ili ndi madzi. Ngati chitsime chili ndi fyuluta yapansi, ndiye kuti iyenera kuthetsedwa ndi kuchotsedwa kwa mchere wotsitsimutsa ndi mthunzi. Ngati pali kuyandama, ndikofunika kuyeretsa bwino. Pomwe nthaka itatha kumapeto kwake, nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti makomawo sakuyamba kutha. Izi zikachitika, mukhoza kumaliza ntchitoyi. Pa siteji yotsatira, mpheteyo imatsitsa. Ngati kutalika kwake kunasankhidwa molondola, ndiye pa siteji iyi sipadzakhala zovuta. Mphete ya pansi iyenera kukhala bwino mu nthaka ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Kutsiliza

Kulimbikitsidwa kumaphatikizapo kufalikira kwa chingwecho mothandizidwa ndi mphete kuzama kwake. Maumbowo apangidwa ayenera kudzazidwa ndi matope a simenti. Pamapeto omaliza, kuyeretsedwa komaliza kwa pansi kumachitika. Ngati ndi kotheka, fyuluta yapansi iyenera kuikidwa.

Asanayambe ntchito, nkofunika kuti apange maphunziro a geological. Muyenera kudziwa kuti madzi akubwera tsiku ndi tsiku. Akatswiri amathandiza kukhazikitsa kuya kwa madzi, komanso kuwerengera mphamvu za nthaka. Izi ndi zofunika kuti tipewe kutulutsa mphetezo. Ndikofunika kuganizira kuti kuzama kwa chitsime mothandizidwa ndi mapaipi apulasitiki akhoza kuchita kamodzi kokha. Ngati ntchitoyo yachitidwa molondola, kuyang'ana teknoloji, kudzatha kuthera moyo wa chitsime zaka 50. Ngati mukukumba chitsime, ndikofunika kutsimikiza kuti madzi omwe ali mumchere wachiwiri amakhala opanda zowonongeka ndipo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mowa.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chigwirizano chilichonse, zida ziwiri zogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo ziyenera kukonzedwa, akatswiri amalangiza kugwiritsa ntchito zikhomo. Mzere wam'mwamba uyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi chisamaliro chapadera. Mtengo wa fasteners ukhoza kuwonjezeka, izi zidzangopangitsa kukonzekera kukhala kodalirika. Kawirikawiri posachedwapa, mapaipi apulasitiki amagwiritsidwa ntchito mmalo mwa mphete za konkire. Ndikofunika kupeza mphete zoterezi zomwe zingathe kupita pansi. Izi ndizofunika kuziganizira ngakhale ntchito isanayambe, chifukwa ngati simungayambe kugula mphete zatsopano zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito panthawi inayake. Ndicho chifukwa chake tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito malangizo a akatswiri, ndipo ndibwino kuti tiyambe ntchito ya gulu la akatswiri.