Mlingo Fomu

The katundu waukulu tizilomboto ndi fuluwenza ndi njira chizindikiritso.

Nthumwi causative wa fuluwenza zokhudzana ndi banja orthomyxovirus, anali woyamba olekanitsidwa mu 1933 ndi ofufuza British WS Smith, SN Andrewes, PP Laidlaw ndi intranasal woyera ferrets osasankhidwa zinthu kuwapeza odwala ndi fuluwenza.

Mu 1940, T. Fransis ndi T. P. Maqill paokha kuzindikiridwa HIV fuluwenza, amene angapo katundu kwachilengedwenso wosiyana wodzipereka mu 1933, ndipo mu 1947 R. M. Taylor anapeza haemagglutinating wothandizila - "kupsyinjika 1233 ", kuzindikiridwa ngati HIV fuluwenza, koma osiyana mavairasi lakutali mu 1933 ndi 1940. mavairasi awa anali kudziŵika ndi makalata Latin a zilembo: A, B, C ndi wina aliyense woyenerera ngati serotype palokha.

The orthomyxovirus banja zimachitika mavairasi fuluwenza yokha yodziwika ndi kukhalapo kwa chipolopolo lakunja ndi wokhutira RNA mu nucleocapsid ozungulira. Lakunja tizilombo envelopu glycoprotein tichipeza kapangidwe (hemagglutinin - neyraminidazy- H ndi N), kuchititsa matenda ndi antigenic katundu wa HIV. Gene HIV fuluwenza inamangidwa cha zigawo 8 sali pabanja-Shackleton, m'mimba mwake wa ozungulira ribonucleoprotein wamkati (RNP) mu uthunthu 9 nm. mavairasi osiyana A, B, C RNP Antigen, zomwe si kuwoloka zochita yapakati-mtundu.

Tsopano anazindikira kuti orthomyxovirus banja tichipeza genera awiri: HIV fuluwenza, monga mavairasi A ndi B, ndi salembedwa HIV fuluwenza (S. Ya Gaydamovich, 1982.).

A HIV umaimiridwa ndi serotypes angapo ndipo mitundu antigenic, amene amasiyana zikuchokera hemagglutinin ndi neuraminidase. HIV Izi infects anthu ndi nyama. Malinga ndi gulu latsopano (1980) A HIV hemagglutinin mitundu mawerengero amapatsidwa: 1 NDINSO neuraminidase 1 8. hemagglutinin 1, 2, 3, Na 1, 2 yodziwika makamaka HIV A munthu ndi zina antigens padziko ( H ndi N1) wapezeka mu mavairasi kuti kupatsira nyama (akavalo, nkhumba, ng'ombe, anyani, agalu, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame).

Panopa, ku malongosoledwe a fuluwenza A mavairasi ndiye kuti mtundu wa hemagglutinin ndi neuraminidase, ndipo mayina awo si nthawi zonse zizigwirizana nomenclature 1971 Table. 1 zosonyeza latsopano mayina hemagglutinin ndi neuraminidase fuluwenza HIV anatengedwa mu 1980, poyerekeza ndi chomwecho. Anthu haemagglutinin KOMA, hemagglutinin H1 ndi nkhumba NSw1 amaphatikiza hemagglutinin H1, hemagglutinin ndi anthu NT hemagglutinin akavalo ndi nkhuku (HAV Neq 2 ndi 7) -kuti hemagglutinin NC. AA Smorodintsev neri Al (1981) ndi zosaloledwa kuphatikiza glycoproteins anthu ndi nyama mu serotype wina.

nthumwi ina ya mtundu wa HIV fuluwenza ndi HIV, adayima mpaka 1979 mu osiyana mtundu B serotypes ku HIV kumeneko. Pali mitundu antigenic mkati serotype.

Rhode HIV fuluwenza G akuimira C HIV mavairasi a mtundu uwu osachepera anaphunzira za onse orthomyxovirus banja. WHO Katswiri Gulu (W. Dowdle, F. Davenport, N. Fukum, 1975) m'gulu HIV izi ngati "zowongolera mtundu" m'banja. Mbali khalidwe la HIV ndi kukhalapo kwa glycoprotein mu mthunzi akunja. Monga mbali ya HIV si enzyme neuraminidase, ngakhale pali retseptororazrushayuschy enzyme (RRE), kwathunthu Otley-aspirants ku neuraminidase kudziwika tizilombo. HIV ali imapanga otsika anatengera kwa Chick maselo Ndisanaumbidwe ndi zikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana selo. The amnion mwana wankhuku Ndisanaumbidwe akufotokozera pa kutentha 33 ° C kwa masiku 3-4 la makulitsidwe, maselo ofiira musati agglutinate mbira nkhumba, bwino adsorbed padziko erythrocyte nkhuku. Kuti mupewe elution mofulumira HIV ndi pamwamba erythrocyte, m'pofunika mayesero serological hemagglutination pa kutentha otsika.

Ngati A ndi B mavairasi yodziwika ndi kusintha antigenic Kapangidwe ka kufalitsidwa mu pompo-pompo, kachilombo antigenic kusintha silinakwaniritsidwe chizindikiro. Laperekedwa mu 1947, 1974, 1977. Mavairasi zofanana.

Molondola osankhidwa mlingo mawonekedwe (lekform) angakuthandizeni kupirira zosiyanasiyana chimfine tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Anasankha mlingo mawonekedwe kudzakuthandizani kokha ngati amusankha dokotala, si anu.