Mitundu yonse mu dziko. Kodi mitundu m'dziko ambiri?

Kodi mukudziwa angati mitundu mu dziko? Kuti tiyankhe funso limeneli si kosavuta monga izo zikuwoneka pa koyamba. Pali zotsutsana ambiri ndithu kumvetsetsa za "dziko" mawu akuti. Ndi chiyani icho? mtundu? Zinenero ammudzi? Dziko? Nkhaniyi itithandiza kuganizira oyamba ndi momveka zina mavuto a mitundu ya dziko. Ndipo ife tione mafuko kupanga chiwerengero chapamwamba akazi okongola ndi amuna wokongola. Mwachibadwa, dziko akhoza kutayika, kuphunzira. Ndipo munthu mu m'badwo uno wa kudalirana kungakhale mankhwala a kusanganikirana magulu osiyanasiyana. Ndipo ndi kovuta munthu kuyankha pafupipafupi anafunsa za amene mtundu wake. Koma ngati tikukamba za gulu lalikulu la anthu, apa tikhoza wodzipatula ndi zinthu zochepa, amene anatsimikiza ndi mtundu.

Unzika ndi dziko

Choyamba, osati mphamvu zonse mu monolithic zikuchokera mtundu wa anthu ake. Ndipo ngakhale tilibe kuganizira pamaso pa osamukawo, otchedwa "nzika woyamba m'badwo," ndipo ngakhale ndiye kuti sitinganene kuti pali mtundu nainte thuu zana mu dziko. List of limati (kutanthauza monga iwo pa mapu ndale) sapereka ife maganizo a mitundu ina yambiri ku mayiko zomwezi. Mwachitsanzo, boma latsopano la Russia, nthumwi za mayiko oposa zana ndi makumi asanu ndi atatu. Ndipo North ndi South Korea ali mtundu wina kugawidwa ndi demarcation Mbali chifukwa infighting ndale. Pali lingaliro la "mtundu American", koma ndi variegated kwambiri mtundu zikuchokera. N'chimodzimodzinso anati kwa Australia, New Zealand ndi Canada, amene m'mayiko anali inathetsedwa ndi ochokera padziko lonse. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale yooneka monolithic pa zikuchokera mtundu wa dziko, monga Poland, pali Silesians, Kashubes, Lemko ndi magulu ena.

Language ndiponso unzika

Mmodzi wa zolembera imene tingadziwire munthu wachokera ku fuko makamaka ndi chinenero chake. Mu m'mayiko ambiri anthu kalembera chinthu ichi aikidwa pa kutsogolo. Ngati ife Tikutsatira chikhomo, ndiye funso amitundu angati mu dziko, akhoza anayankha awiri ndi theka zikwi zisanu. N'chifukwa chiyani kusintha yaikulu chiwerengero? Chifukwa takumana ndi vuto latsopano: kodi ndi chinenero? Kodi chinenero, kulankhula, amakonda ina gulu? Komanso kudziwa mtundu wa chinenero munthu si zoonadi. Ndipotu, si Ayuda onse mukudziwa Chiheberi. Ndi chinenero Irish pafupi kufa, ndipo tsopano boma akuyesetsa wautali kwambiri kwa chitsitsimutso chake. Anthu a "Green Island" kulankhula English, koma British okha si.

Mtundu ndi mtundu

Ngakhale zambiri tenuous ndi tanthauzo la mtundu wa malinga ndi zosowa zake zokhudza thupi. Kodi tinganene chiyani za maonekedwe a munthu? Ngati iye ali ndi tsitsi lagolide ndi maso a buluu, angakhale mofanana bwino ngati Swede ndi Russian kapena Polish. Mosakayikira kulankhula za maonekedwe Asilavo, Masewerera a Nordic, Mediterranean, Latin American, koma zilibe kutipatsa ife lingaliro la momwe kuyang'ana oimira "mtundu titular". onse kotero imene lalikulu jini tsitsi blondes pang'onopang'ono "kufa." Mafuko a dziko, oimira amene padziko la pansi, poyamba ankatchedwa dziko la amuna lagolide (Bulgaria, boma pa Balkan Peninsula, Italy, Georgia), atalandidwa Turkey zambiri "posmugleli". Choncho kudziwa mtundu wa maonekedwe sizikuwoneka zotheka. Ngakhale kuti pali nkhope, amene amapezeka oimira izi kapena kuti dziko.

mapangidwe mafuko

Onse m'mayiko a dziko kudza kutali mu chitukuko mbiri. mafuko wakale analowa pakati pa asilikali ndi malonda okhaokha, ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali anakhala umakhala pafupi. Kuyambira lero achotsa kusiyana, m'zilembo converging kupanga chinenero limodzi. Munthu angathe tchulani chitsanzo cha Aroma wakale. Kuwonjezera pa Latins okhala m'dera m'mphepete mwa Tiber, mu mapangidwe anthu ankapita Veneto Ausones, anyezi, Oski, Messapia, pitseny, umber ndi falisci. zinkalankhulidwa awo alipo! Yaikulu Roma, amene wapangidwa ndi m'mayiko unasweka mu Zapakati. Latin - m'chinenero cha boma cha boma wakale - linapereka mapangidwe zinenero Romance: Italy, French, Spanish. Kuzindikira za kuchuluka kwa mafuko mudzi mwa boma amalenga mtundu.

kuloŵerera zachilengedwe

Osati mitundu yonse padziko lonse akupezeka masiku ano. More yaing'ono mtundu atazungulira zikuluzikulu mavuto kutaya adzadziwire, makamaka ngati zili m'gulu la State kumene "titular mtundu", awa amawaona kuti mtundu waukulu. Izi ndi zimene zinachitika mu Soviet Union. Kalembera woyamba, anachititsa mu 1926, anapeza kuti mwa 178 mitundu moyo mu boma. Mu 1956 anali 109. yekha A mitundu lalikulu lomwe lili ndi mamembala anthu oposa zikwi khumi, zinali 91. Choncho, chiwerengero cha mafuko ali utachepa kwambiri pasanathe zaka makumi atatu. Sikuti onse Russian zitsulo. Ajarians, manholes, ndi Svans Mingrelians zitsulo adzagwirizana ndi Georgia; kuramintsy, Turkey ndi Kipchaks anayamba amadziona Uzbeks. Choncho, ngati inu mulibe kukhala ndi makhalidwe chikhalidwe mitundu yaing'ono, pali chiopsezo kwambiri kuti idzatha.

amakakamizidwa kuloŵerera

Nthawi zina maboma, chenjerani amaganiza Odzipatula, kuchititsa ndondomeko umalimbana chiwonongeko dala mtundu wotero. Sakupha anthu a m'mafuko aang'ono, koma kuchititsa miyeso akulimbana assimilationist. Mwachitsanzo, mu Poland pambuyo Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World onse Lemko otengedwa malo awo okhala yaying'ono n'kukakhala m'magulu ang'onoang'ono zigawo zina za dziko. Kumwera kwa France kwa ophunzira nthawi yaitali anapatsidwa chilango ngati akuyamba kulankhula m'deralo Chiokitani chilankhulo. Only kuyambira Mipingo zaka mazana makumi awiri, pansi pa mavuto onse anali otseguka maphunziro optional mu pafupifupi zinatha limanena. Popeza mitundu ochepa dziko, ndi zina amakonda kupasuka mu lalikulu, amvetse ndi mphamvu ndi kuphwanya ufulu wa anthu.

Kodi mitundu m'dziko ambiri?

Palibe munthu akudziwa izo. Malinga ndi magwero zosiyanasiyana, mtundu wa anthu a dziko akhoza kukhala pakati anayi ndi theka sikisi sauzande. Chiwerengero cha zinenero ndi zinenero zina zambiri kuyambira awiri ndi theka zikwi zisanu. Koma pali mabanja amene sapita ku kukhudzana ndi dziko lotukuka (otchedwa anthu zosagwiritsidwa analankhulana). Ndi angati a mafuko amenewa, amene adakali zimapezeka Africa, m'chigwa cha Amazon mtsinje? N'zovuta kudziwa ngati mzere pakati pa mitundu gulu, fuko ndi mtundu. Koma pali view wina wa madera akuluakulu. Akukhulupirira kuti mtundu - ndi mwangwiro ndi kumanga ndale. Chiphunzitsochi ayamba mbali zambiri masiku ano.

Wokongola National Peace: mndandanda

Kuloŵerera, ndithudi, kungachititse kuti mofulumira ya fuko. Koma kusanganikirana bloods yekha bwino dziwe mbewu. The mestizo otchedwa nthawi adazizwa kukongola ndi luso. Tiyeni kukumbukira Russian ndakatulo A. S. Pushkina, amene mitsempha magazi Asilavo ndi African. Ngati ife kulankhula osati za anthu ena, koma mitundu lalikulu la anthu, ndipo limafotokoza ubale chomwecho. The wokongola kwambiri m'dera - ina imene osokonezeka monga mbiya, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya dziko. Mwachitsanzo, mayiko American Latin amenewo akukantha kuchuluka kwa akazi okongola ndi amuna angelo. Ndipotu, mu mapangidwe a Costa Ricans, Brazil ndi Colombians anatenga gawo mu akomweko Indian, ku Spain ndipo mbadwa za Africa. Nzika za USSR kale ndi wooneka bwino, chifukwa ambiri anabadwa chifukwa cha mabanja wosanganiza mitundu.

Kodi asungwana okongola kwambiri?

Mfundo imeneyi ndi nkhawa oimira osati za kugonana mphamvu. Inde, lokongola pa aliyense, koma kwenikweni anagwirizira Mpikisanowo "Abiti Chilengedwe"? Tiyeni mwachidule zowerengera kusanthula kudziwa dziko limene zambiri akazi okongola kwambiri mu dziko. Mtundu wokongola wopambana ndi loweruza nkhani sikunatengedwe. Koma tiyenera kuganiza kuti wokongola mtsikana oimira "mtundu titular". Choncho, malinga ndi kafukufuku anapanga ndi amuna ndi akazi osiyanasiyana magazini, mu malo oyamba ndi kukongola - yokhazikika ya Brazil. Ndipotu Latin America - weniweni Nsanja ya Babele. Pano mukhoza kupeza onse champhamvu tsitsi ndi wokongola wakuda mkazi. A zambiri amwenye anapereka Brazil languor wa maluwa Japanese ndi maso amondi woboola pakati. Ngati mukufuna blondes wamtali, musazengereze kupita pambuyo pawo ku Sweden. Mu malo lachitatu ndi Argentine. Ukrainians awagwire malo wachinayi ndi wachisanu - Russian.

Kodi dzikoli munthu wokongola kwambiri chifukwa cha dziko?

Kusankha superprivlekatelnyh macho m'mayiko osiyanasiyana anachita zipata kwa oyenda Digest alendo. Ankachititsa kafukufuku wake kuti bwino kutsogolera amayi osakwatiwa pa tchuthi chikondi. Kodi chinachitika? Kodi mafuko a dziko wafunsira ndi aunyinji ya Apolo? Portal limatichenjeza kuti imawunikidwa osati deta ya anthu, komanso makhalidwe awo, nzeru, mphamvu kusamalira dona. Pamenepo atsogoleri mu mndandanda, asilikali a Sweden, anthu a ku New York ndi Amsterdam. Pamwamba khumi m'gulu Chipwitikizi, Argentines, Australia, Spain, Germany, Italy ndi Aisrayeli. Koma akazi amaona kuti zipata zinali zolakwika. Malinga ndi iwo, anthu dzi wa mayiko Latin American, Spain, Italy ndi Turkey.