Mitundu njira yopanga. Gulu.

Chifukwa cha mtundu uliwonse wa ntchito mafakitale ndi ndondomeko kupanga. Ndi kusintha ofanana akuloza ntchito mankhwala (zipangizo, zipangizo) mu chomaliza mankhwala kuti ndi kupanga chandamale.

Mitundu njira yopanga ali zosiyanasiyana mmene anthu a zolinga zachuma ndi njira kukwaniritsa iwo.

Gulu la ndondomeko kupanga.

Gulu la njira kupanga akhoza kuchitika pa malo osiyanasiyana.

1. Choyamba, njira akhoza kugawidwa mu chachikulu, wothandiza, mathandizidwe ndi kasamalidwe zochokera udindo anawatumiza iwo mu dongosolo chonse kupanga.

• Main - tsiku limene zoona, anapanga mankhwala a kumalo a ntchito.
• Wothandiza - kuonetsetsa wabwinobwino ndi khola ntchito zazikulu. Mwachitsanzo, kumanga ndi ntchito unsembe, mphamvu m'badwo yopanga zitsulo za galimoto, Chalk, zipangizo. The zotsatira za ntchito yawo "thandizo" kupanga, ndilo phunziro la specialization ntchito.
• Zikugwira ntchito kupereka interconnection pakati waukulu ndi wothandiza. Kuti izo zikhoza wachinsinsi yosungirako, mmene kukumana kuweruza, mayendedwe, ulamuliro, kutola njira.
• Management. Zikuphatikizapo mitundu ya njira yopanga amene yoti agwirire ntchito zonse za kumalo a ntchito, kulamulira ngakhale njira zina kudziwa kuthekera kwawo ndi mtengo-chidacho. Nthawi zambiri, iwo zogwirizana ndi waukulu, wothandiza ndi njira utumiki.

2. Kwa chikhalidwe cha njira otaya akhoza kugawidwa mu discontinuous ndi mosalekeza.

• Discontinuous (apawokha), mkati limene masitepe ndondomeko kupanga zidzasankhidwa intervals nthawi.
• mitundu yopitirira njira mafakitale kumafuna osasiya mipata pakati pa masitepe ndondomeko.

3. Malinga ndi digiri ya mechanization wa njira anawagawa:

• Dzanja akuyendera, monga dzina lake likunenera, popanda kutsatira njira.
• Machine-dzanja gulu la njira yopanga zokhudza ntchito makina kapena zida za mphamvu ndi nawo lamulo la wantchito. Mwachitsanzo, zikuphatikizapo workpieces pa lathe kapena mphero makina.
• Machine - zikuchitika ntchito makinawa, makina kapena magalimoto amafuna pang'ono alowererepo anthu.
• Makina - njira mkati kupanga a yomwe ikuchitika basi, udindo anthu ndi kulamulira zimagwirira ntchito.
• Makinawa mizere, kupanga mankhwala chiyani popanda alowererepo anthu.

4. Malinga ndi zovuta za chopangidwa mankhwala yonse ya njira kupanga angathe kukhala:

• Zambiri, monga opareshoni umalimbana kusintha katundu wa mtundu womwewo wa zinthu ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, yopanga ndi zida mbali.
• Zovuta ongokhala ntchito yosavuta, kukhazikitsa zomwe walangizidwa yopanga chomaliza mankhwala kapena chipika ake wapakatikati. Mwachitsanzo, komaliza khamu la galimoto.

5. Pa maziko a lonse kupanga mtundu wina wa kupanga ndondomeko lagawidwa:

• Munthu lakonzedwa kutulutsa chosatha mankhwala. Ntchito zokambirana popanga nkhani pafupipafupi kusinthidwa nomenclature. Iwo amafuna antchito kwambiri luso ndi ntchito zovuta Mipikisano chilango zomangamanga. Mwachitsanzo - ulimi experimental.
• Series, cholinga kwa kupanga mankhwala mu magulu ang'ono mobwerezabwereza fupipafupi. Pankhaniyi, gawo atathana yodziwika ntchito zimene anachita mu ndondomeko anakonzeratu.
• Misa ntchito nthawi imene kupanga umalimbana ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mankhwala ofanana lalikulu zedi ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali.