Mbali yofunikira ya zamoyo. Zizindikiro zazikulu zinyama

sayansi yamakono ukugawa lonse zachilengedwe mu zamoyo ndi zopanda moyo. Koyamba, magawano zingaoneke ophweka, koma nthawi zina zingakhalenso zovuta kusankha pa makamaka chinthu chikhalidwe ndi afadi kapena ayi. Aliyense akudziwa kuti katundu koyamba, zizindikiro za moyo - kukula ndi kubereka. Asayansi ambiri ntchito zisanu ndi ziwiri njira moyo wa zamoyo kapena zizindikiro kuti kusiyanitsa iwo m'makhalidwe zopanda moyo wamoyo.

khalidwe la anthu onse okhala Kodi

anthu onse amoyo:

• Anapeka maselo.
• Iwo ndi magulu a bungwe ma. Nsalu - gulu la maselo kuchita ntchito wamba. Chiwalo - gulu la zimakhala kuti achite ntchito wamba. Thupi System - gulu la matupi kuti achite ntchito wamba. Chamoyo - chilichonse chamoyo mu zovuta ndi.
• Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za dziko ndi dzuwa, limene iwo ayenera kukhala ndi kukula.
• Amachitira chilengedwe. Khalidwe - ndi zovuta ya zochita.
• Kukula. Cell magawano - anatilamula mapangidwe maselo atsopano, amene kukula ndi kukula winawake ndipo anagawa.
• Chulukitsani. Kubalana si yofunikira kuti apulumuke zinthu payekha, koma n'kofunika kuti apulumuke mitundu. zamoyo zonse kubereka imodzi mwa njira zotsatirazi: asexual (ulimi wa mbewu popanda gametes), kugonana (mbadwa kupanga ndi kaphatikizidwe maselo nyongolosi).
• Azolowere ndi kusintha kwa chilengedwe.

Mbali yaikulu ya zamoyo

• Movement. zamoyo zonse akhoza kusuntha ndi kusintha malo ake. Izi zimaoneka kwambiri nyama kuyenda ndi kuthamanga ndi zochepa mwaluso kwa zomera, lomwe magawo akhoza kusuntha younikira kayendedwe ka dzuwa. Nthawi zina magalimoto akhoza kukhala choncho pang'onopang'ono kuti n'zovuta kwambiri kuona.

• Mpweya - zimachitika mankhwala amenewa amapezeka mkati mwa selo. Izi ndondomeko ya kumasuka mphamvu kuchokera zakudya maselo amoyo onse.
• Tilinazo - luso kudziwa kusintha chilengedwe. anthu onse okhala amatha kulabadira zimene zikuchitika chonchi, monga kuwala, kutentha, madzi, mphamvu yokoka, ndi zina zotero.

• Growth. zamoyo zonse kukula. Kuwonjezeka zonse chiwerengero cha maselo thupi amatchedwa kukula kukula.
• Kubalana - luso kubereka ndi kupereka mauthenga majini ana awo.

• Excretion - ndiyotani pakuchotsa zinyalala ndi poizoni. Motero, zochita zambiri mankhwala maselo, m'pofunika kutaya katundu kagayidwe kachakudya kuti chingachititse selo.
• Mphamvu - mowa ndi magwiritsidwe zakudya (mapuloteni, mafuta ndi chakudya), zofunika kukula, minofu kukonza ndi mphamvu. mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo zimachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana.

zinthu zonse zamoyo wapangidwa ndi maselo

Kodi zinthu zofunika zimene ndi zamoyo? Woyamba zimene zimapanga zamoyo wapadera ndi kuti linapangidwa maselo, omwe amaonedwa nyumba midadada ya moyo. Maselo ndi zodabwitsa, ngakhale kukula kwake yaing'ono, iwo amatha kugwira ntchito limodzi ndi kupanga thupi nyumba lalikulu monga zimakhala ndi ziwalo. Maselo komanso apadera - mwachitsanzo, maselo chiwindi ndi mu thupi lomwelo, ndipo likugwira maselo a mu ubongo kokha mutu.

Ena zamoyo anapangidwa ndi selo imodzi yokha, mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya ambiri, pamene ena linapangidwa maselo, mwachitsanzo, anthu. zamoyo Multicellular ndi zovuta zamoyo amene ali zosaneneka gulu ma. gulu limayamba ulendo wake kuti DNA, ndipo imafika ku thupi lonse.

kubalana

Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za moyo (zamoyo anafotokoza, ngakhale Maphunziro) zikuphatikiza komanso chinthu monga kubalana. Kodi zamoyo zonse pansi? Iwo sizimaoneka kunja kwa mpweya wochepa thupi, koma mwa chulutsa. Pali njira ziwiri zofunika yopangira ana. Choyamba - amadziwika kuti kubalana onse kugonana. Izi ndi zamoyo ndi kubereka ndi kaphatikizidwe gametes awo. Anthu ndi nyama zambiri mumaganiza izi.

mtundu wina wa kubalana liri asexual: zamoyo kubereka popanda gametes. Mosiyana ndi kubereka imene ana ali ndi zodzoladzola osiyana chibadwa, osati mofanana aliyense wa makolo, asexually amapereka mbewu chibadwa zofanana kwa mayi ake.

Kukula ndi chitukuko

Zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa moyo akutinso kukula ndi chitukuko. Pamene ana amabadwa, zilibe kukhala mwanjira imeneyo kosatha. Chitsanzo chabwino kungakhale munthuyo. Mu ndondomeko ya kukula, anthu kusintha, ndipo nthawi zambiri chitadutsa, m'pamenenso kusiyana ndi noticeable. Ngati Tikayerekeza wamkulu ndi mwana amene yomweyo anapita ku dziko lino lapansi, kusiyana chabe m'patali. majeremusi kukula ndi kukhala moyo, koma mawu awiri (kukula ndi chitukuko) sizitanthauza chinthu chomwecho.

Growth - pamene chingasinthe kukula, kuyambira wamng'ono mpaka lalikulu. Mwachitsanzo, ndi m'badwo kukula ziwalo zonse za thupi: zala maso, mtima ndi zina zotero. chitukuko kumafuna luso kusintha kapena kusintha. Dongosololi akuyamba asanabadwe, pamene poyavlyaetsyas selo loyamba.

mphamvu

Growth, chitukuko, njira ma ndipo ngakhale chulutsa zitha kumachitika ngati zamoyo angalandire ndi ntchito mphamvu ndi mbali ya mbali yaikulu ya zamoyo. mphamvu zonse, pamapeto pake kubwera kwa dzuwa, ndi mphamvu amapereka mphamvu padziko lonse lapansi. zamoyo ambiri, monga zomera ndi ena algae ntchito dzuwa kuti chakudya chawo.

The ndondomeko ya kusintha dzuwa mu mankhwala mphamvu yotchedwa photosynthesis, ndi zamoyo zomwe zingabweretse izo akutchedwa autotrophs. Komabe, zinthu zambiri Sangathe kulenga chakudya chawo paokha, ndipo ali kudya zinthu zina zamoyo kwa mphamvu ndi zakudya. Zamoyo kuti kudya zamoyo zina amatchedwa heterotrophs.

Kuyankha

Lembani zinthu zofunika kwambiri pa zinyama, nkofunika kuona chakuti zamoyo zonse yodziwika ndi luso kuyankha m'njira inayake pa zosiyanasiyana zikuchitika chilengedwe. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kusintha chilengedwe hule zochita zina m'thupi. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu zimadya, monga Venus flytrap, zikumenyetsedwa pamakhala awo kukhetsa mwazi wokongola msanga ngati pamtunda mosatekeseka kuwuluka chilichonse. Ngati nkotheka, kamba adzakhala amasangalala dzuwa, osati kukhala mu mithunzi. Pamene munthu walandira kuwayula mu mimba yake, iye adzapita ku furiji kuti sangweji, ndi zina zotero.

Zikuchitika angakhale Link (kunja kwa thupi) amakumana (m'mimba), ndipo iwo kuthandiza kukhalabe olimba zamoyo. Iwo anapereka mu mawonekedwe a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana kwenikweni mu thupi, monga kupenya, kulawa, kununkhiza, ndi kukhudza. Anayankha liwiro akhoza zimasiyana malinga ndi chamoyo.

homeostasis

Mbali yaikulu ya zamoyo monga lamulo la chilengedwe mkati mwa thupi, wotchedwa homeostasis. Mwachitsanzo, ulamuliro kutentha n'kofunika kwambiri kuti anthu onse moyo, chifukwa thupi kutentha amakhudza ndondomeko zofunika kwambiri monga kupukusa chakudya cha. Pamene thupi limakhala ozizira kwambiri, pasukuluyi zinthu mochedwa, ndipo thupi kutaika. Zotsutsana kumachitika pamene thupi overheats, njira ndi inapita patsogolo, ndi zonse izi zimabweretsa yemweyo mavuto adzaoneni.

Kodi kufanana ndi zamoyo? Iwo ayenera kukhala mbali zonse zoyambirira za zamoyo. Mwachitsanzo, mtambo akhoza chinawonjezeka kukula ndi kusamukira ku malo wina ndi mzake, koma izi si zamoyo, chifukwa iwo alibe makhalidwe onse pamwamba.