Mbali nkhani: zizindikiro mbiri chitukuko, zitsanzo. Nkhani - ndi mtundu wanyimbo mabuku? Zizindikiro za nkhani monga mtundu wanyimbo ndi

Mbali nkhani ndi mmodzi wa anthu otchuka mu mabuku. Iye analankhula ndi kuchizidwa ndi olemba ochuluka. Nditawerenga nkhani imeneyi, mudzaphunzila kodi makhalidwe a nkhani mtundu wanyimbo zitsanzo za ntchito wotchuka kwambiri, komanso zolakwa otchuka kuti olemba a.

Nkhani - izi ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yaing'ono mabuku. Bwaloli yaing'ono buku Nkhani ntchito ndi pang'ono m'nkhaniyi. Pankhaniyi, zochitika yochepa Zithunzizi.

A mwachidule mbiri ya mtundu wanyimbo ya nkhani

VG Belinsky (chithunzi cha limaoneka pamwamba) kumbuyo mu 1840 amasiyana ndi nkhani ndi nkhani ya mmene Mitundu yaing'ono prose ku nkhani ndi buku lina lalikulu. Kale pa nthawi mabuku Chirasha kwambiri kunaonekera predominance wa prose pa ndakatulo.

Patapita kanthawi, mu theka 2 zaka za m'ma 19, ndi nkhani anali linafalitsidwa kwambiri mu kukula demokalase wa mabuku a dziko lathu. Panthawi imeneyi, ankaona kuti chimasiyanitsa polemba chinenero ichi zopelekedwa. Nkhani monga ankaganiza ndiye, analengedwa ntchito m'maganizo kulenga. Malinga ndi mzake, polemba chinenero cha nkhaniyo conflictness nkhani zosiyanasiyana chidwi. Pambuyo sewero la amakhala ndi chakuti ndi kwenikweni ntchito lofotokoza.

Kugwirizana kwa nthawi

Pofuna kufotokoza bwino polemba chinenero cha nkhani, muyenera kudziwa regularities mwachibadwa. The woyamba - umodzi wa nthawi. Nkhaniyo, nthawi ndi nthawi zochepa. Komabe, sikuti tsiku limodzi lokha, monga mwa ntchito za classicists lapansi. Ngakhale lamulo limeneli si nthawi zonse analemekeza, nkhani yosowa kumene nkhaniyo chimakwirira moyo wonse wa protagonist lapansi. Ngakhale n'kukhala ndi ntchito polemba chinenero ichi, zotsatira za amene kumatenga kwa zaka zambiri. Kawirikawiri, wolemba limasonyeza Zomwe zinachitika ndi ku moyo wa ngwazi wake. Mwa nkhani omwe adzasonyeze tsoka lonse la chikhalidwe, mwina kudziŵika, "Imfa Ivana Ilicha" (Mlembi - Leo Tolstoy) ndi "Wokondedwa" Chekhov. Komanso zimachitika kuti akusonyeza onse a moyo, ndi nthawi yake yaitali. Mwachitsanzo, mu Chekhov a "chiwala" akusonyeza nambala ya zinthu zofunika pa moyo wa anthu otchulidwa, malo awo potsutsana chitukuko cha mgwirizano pakati pa iwo. Komabe, lili chisindikizo pazipita ali wothinikizidwa. Kuti conciseness zili kuposanso buku, ndi mbali wamba nkhani mwina yekha.

Umodzi wa kanthu ndi malo

Pali mbali zina za mtundu wanyimbo wa nkhaniyi kuti tisaiwale. Kugwirizana kwa nthawi ndi yogwirizana ndi chifukwa cha mgwirizano wina - masitepe. Nkhani - ndi mtundu wanyimbo mabuku, zimene ziyenera okha za chochitika limodzi. Nthawi zina akuluakulu, kutanthauza-n'kufika izo kukhala zochitika imodzi kapena ziwiri. Choncho mgwirizano malo. Childs, kanthu udzachitika malo amodzi. Iwo akhoza kukhala si chimodzi, koma zambiri, koma chiwerengero chawo ndi mosamalitsa zochepa. Mwachitsanzo, malo kungakhale 2-3, koma 5 kale osowa (iwo akhoza anatchula).

Umodzi wa khalidwe

Mbali ina ya nkhaniyo - umodzi wa khalidwe. Monga ulamuliro, mu malo a ntchito polemba chinenero ichi ali ndi khalidwe lina lalikulu. Nthawi zina pangakhale awiri, ndipo kawirikawiri - ochepa. Koma zilembo sekondale, angakhale ndithu kwambiri, koma iwo ali mwangwiro zinchito. Nkhani - ndi mtundu wanyimbo mabuku, imene ntchito zilembo akuthandiza okha ku chilengedwe cha maziko. Iwo akhoza kusokoneza kapena kuthandiza mbali yaikulu, koma kenanso. Mu nkhani ya "Chelkash" Gorky Mwachitsanzo, anthu awiri okha. Mu Chekhov a "tulo" ndipo munthu sangakhale nkhani kapena buku.

pakati umodzi

Zizindikiro za nkhani monga mtundu wanyimbo ndi, pamwamba, njira ina ndi kuchepetsedwa kuti likulu la mgwirizano. Inde, nkhani ndi zosatheka kuti aganizire popanda ena liwulo, chizindikiro pakati, "zinatenga" ena onse. Zilibe kanthu kaya malo ena malo amodzi ofotokoza njira, chochitika n'kufika, kwambiri chitukuko cha ntchito kapena kwambiri chosonyeza kuti chikhalidwe. Chithunzi iyenera kukhala mu nkhani iliyonse. Ndi chifukwa kumakhudza zikuchokera lonse. Iye amakhazikitsa mutu wa ntchito, n'zomveka kuti nthano.

Mfundo zikuluzikulu za nkhaniyo

Mapeto kuchokera chinyezimiro pa "umodzi" sikovuta kuchita. Lokha zikusonyeza mfundo yakuti mfundo yaikulu ya kapangidwe wa nkhaniyi yoyenera ndi kupulumutsa zolinga. Tomaszewski otchedwa cholinga cha mchitidwe zing'onozing'ono dongosolo la malemba. Iwo akhoza kukhala kanthu, chikhalidwe kapena chochitika. Kapangidwe Izi kale zosatheka kuwola ndinso m'zigawo. Kotero, tchimo lalikulu kwambiri woyambitsa mwatsatanetsatane kwambiri, ndi kuchuluka kwa malemba, jumble wa mwatsatanetsatane kuti akhoza adatchithisira ndi kukhala ndi mtundu wanyimbo ntchito. Nkhani sayang'ana tsatanetsatane.

M'pofunika kufotokoza yekha lofunika kwambiri kupewa wamba. Ndi khalidwe kwambiri, oddly mokwanira, anthu amene chikumbumtima kwambiri za ntchito zawo. Iwo akufuna kulankhula ndi pazipita mu lemba lililonse. Nthawi zambiri otsogolera tidze pamene anamuyika mfundozo mafilimu ndi zisudzo. Zimenezi ndi zoona makamaka mafilimu ngati nkhambakamwa wolemba mu nkhani iyi si mawu a sewerolo.

Olemba apanga m'maganizo, monga kudzaza buku mtundu wanyimbo nkhani amajambulapo maluwa okongola lofotokoza. Mwachitsanzo, iwo yosonyeza mmene mbali yaikulu mankhwala kuthamangitsa mimbulu paketi odya anzawo. Komabe, ngati wayamba m'bandakucha, amasiya pa kufotokoza mithunzi yaitali zinada nyenyezi reddened mitambo. wolemba zikuwoneka kusangalala chikhalidwe kenako okha anaganiza kupitiriza kuwathamangitsa. Polemba chinenero zopeka nkhani amapereka kuchuluka pazipita kwa m'maganizo, choncho kupewa khalidwe limeneli si kophweka.

Udindo wa chilimbikitso nkhaniyo

Kuyenera kutsindika kuti timasamala ndi mtundu wanyimbo zolinga zonse ayenera kuulula phunziro, kuti ntchito za tanthauzo. Mwachitsanzo, monga tafotokozera kumayambiriro kwa ntchito ayenera kuwombera mfuti mu chomaliza. Zolinga kuti atsogolere kutali, si koyenera kuti monga nkhaniyo. Kapena kodi muyenera kuyang'ana kwa mafano, fotokozani vutolo, koma sankadandaula Lofotokoza ake.

Features zikuchokera

Tikumbukenso kuti si n'kudziphatika kwa njira miyambo ya lemba luso. kuphwanya awo zimakhala zochititsa chidwi. Nkhani akhoza analenga mafotokozedwe pafupifupi ena. Koma kuchita popanda kanthu akadali zosatheka. ngwazi The limangolembedwa anakakamizika osachepera mungakweze dzanja lanu, kupanga kusuntha (mwa kulankhula kwina, kuti chidwi manja). Zina sadzatero nthano sewero kakang'ono, ndi prose ndakatulo. Mbali ina yofunika ya mtundu wanyimbo kuti chidwi ife ndi watanthauzo kutha. Mwachitsanzo, buku ukhoza kukhala mpaka kalekale, koma nkhani alembedwera mosiyana.

Nthawi zambiri zikuthera wake paradoxical ndi mosayembekezereka. Ndi chifukwa ichi Lev Vygotsky zogwirizana zikamera wa catharsis mu owerenga. Ofufuza amakono (makamaka Patrice Pavi) kuganizira catharsis maganizo ngati ripple kuti zikuoneka ngati mukuwerenga. Komabe, kufunika kwa kutha akhala sichinasinthe. Kutha akhoza zinasintha tanthauzo la nkhaniyi, kukankha kupendanso ali m'bukuli. Izi tiyenera kukumbukira.

nthano malo mabuku dziko

Nkhani - epic polemba chinenero, amene ukutchulidwa kwambiri mu mabuku dziko. Gorky ndi Tolstoy anatembenukira kwa iye oyambirira ndi nthawi okhwima wa zilandiridwenso. Nkhani Chekhov ndi zofunika ndi mtundu wanyimbo wokongola. nkhani ambiri akhala zapamwamba ndipo pa ndime ndi epic ntchito yaikulu (nkhani komanso mabuku) adalowa chuma cha mabuku. Chotero, mwachitsanzo, nkhani ya Tolstoy ndi "imfa zitatu" ndi "Imfa Ivana Ilicha," Turgenev a "Mfundo za Hunter" ntchito Chekhov a "Wokondedwa" ndi "Mamuna Mlanduwu ndi" nkhani ya Gorky a "Old Isergil", "Chelkash" ndi ena.

Ubwino pa Mitundu ina nkhani

Tili ndi chidwi chofuna polemba chinenero cha limakupatsani kutsindika makamaka otukukira kunja kapena kuti lililonse case, mbali ina mu moyo wathu. Limawapatsa mpata kuimira iwo kuti chidwi owerenga anali kwathunthu maganizo awo pa iwo. Mwachitsanzo, Chekhov ananena Vanka Zhukov ndi kalata "kwa mudzi wa agogo anga", kutaya mtima ndi ana lonse, limafotokoza pa nkhani za kalata. Sadzafika kumaloku ndi chifukwa amakhala pacimake ku mawu a invective. Mu nkhani yakuti "kubadwa kwa munthu" Gorky zinachitika ndi kubadwa kwa mwana, zomwe zikuchitika pa msewu, amathandiza wolemba kuulula mfundo zikuluzikulu - Ovomerezeka a mtengo wa moyo.