Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna, wojambula mbiri, zilandiridwenso

Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna ndi kokha Soviet wojambula kuti kupereka kwa Hans Mkhristu Andersen linapereka chopereka ake yofotokoza mabuku ana. Mu Hava Chaka Chatsopano iye akanati anatembenuka ndi zaka 116. Malinga ndi malipoti osungidwa, msungwanayo, amene anadzakhala zojambulajambula wotchuka, anabadwa December 20, (mu 7 akale) mu 1900. Monga munthu wamkulu, pa nthawi mosasintha kumawononga yokha angapo zaka. Mwina, choncho tsiku lobadwa 1901 1902. Odala akumwetulira munthu, katswiri wa ntchito m'patali - kotero zimaonetsa m'nthawi yake.

zaka 70 zilandiridwenso

Mavrina Tatiana (1900-1996) anakhala m'dziko kwa pafupifupi zaka zana. ubwana wake anakhala ndi mfumu mwana, ndi kukhwima - mu Soviet Union. Awa akunena kuti: "anawona kwambiri." Mavuto nthawi yovuta sanali bwanji maganizo ake abwino a dziko. Zaka makumi asanu ndi kuphunzira kupenta ndi buku mafanizo iye analenga zikutipatsa losaiwalika zithunzi zabwino zolembalemba.

Zinaoneka kuti ku Soviet Union sanali mwana amene sachita chidwi ndi maganizo wokongola wa mwana wamkazi achifumu, amene anafa amachitira Chernavka. buku lakuti "The nthano za Akufa Mfumukazi ndi Zisanu Knights" chokongoletsedwa Tatyanoy Alekseevnoy, anachoka mu 1949. Dziko waphunzira ndipo anakumbukira brushwork pafupi primitivism, Old Russian ndi wowerengeka luso.

Kamodzi zidindo kucheza ndi Epiphany wokoma Nizhny Novgorod kumizidwa mu mtima wa mtsikana. Monga munthu wachikulire, Lebedev anakumbukira zidole mmene anamusilira: yodzaza ngolo anali chifukwa cha Volga. Ankasirira maganizo a chisanu yokutidwa masingano unharnessed akavalo, zimene zinabweretsa Semenov ndi Gorodets lake lapamtima zidole.

Kusankhako kunali kwakukulu moti anathamanga maso ake. ana anapita, kusankha, mpaka kwasanduka "kanjedza ouma." Chikondi zidole wowerengeka ali kwakhudza ndandanda ntchito.

maloto akwaniritsidwa

"Zitsanzo burashi" m'munda watsopano wakhala bwino. Wojambula Tatiana Mavrina anasiya mbiri wolemera: iye pamwamba kalasi zimaonetseratu oposa 200 mabuku. Ambiri - "Mavrinskiy Pushkiniana". Taganizani za atsikana atatu zenera, anawomba nsalu usiku, mayi Babarikha Swat ndi anthu ena zokongola, "The nthano za Tsar Saltan".

Kapena wachisomo mphaka wasayansi pa unyolo golide mu thundu kufalitsa ... wojambula The amalenga dziko wapadera amanjenjemera, Atauka m'maganizo, kukakamiza kusinkhasinkha kwambiri. Iye - chidutswa cha ubwana wathu. Pali umboni kuti Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna mafanizo wa nkhani ya Pushkin ankafuna kulemba zambiri mwa zaka za Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Ngakhale chiwonongeko cha nkhondo, zithunzi lowoneka ndinamuwona iye kulikonse.

Kuchokera m'munsi Moscow

Kuyambira ndili bwino ntchito za upamwamba mu spiers akale Zagorje pinki nyumba (Zagorsk kuchokera 1930 mpaka 1991, anaitana Sergiev Posad) wojambula maganizo angaputidwe Golden Cockerel za nthano. Komabe, kuti kwambiri kuchita ntchito Pushkin amasonyeza zojambulajambula ndandanda anaganiza pokhapokha chigonjetso chachikulu.

Amene anali iye, Tatiana Mavrina? Wambiri nthumwi gululo a anzeru Russian Soviet si chinsinsi. Anabadwa mu Nizhny Novgorod. Dzina la Atate Aleksey Ivanovich Lebedev. Mphunzitsi ndi wolemba anapereka dzina mwana wake wamkazi. Koma mu 1930, iye anatenga dzina - mayi Dzina la bambo.

Cholowa noblewoman Anastasia Petrovna Mavrina, ngati mwamuna wake, ankachita nawo kuphunzitsa (anali mkulu wa sukulu Nizhny Novgorod dzina lake Gatsisskogo atsikana ku mabanja osauka). Alexei, ndi Anastasia nawo ana anayi - aakazi atatu ndi mwana wamwamuna. Iwo anabweretsa mosalekeza anayamba anaika kukonda mabuku, zojambulajambula, nyimbo.

Moyo likulu

Tatiana - ndi wotchuka kwambiri wa alongo ake. mchimwene wake wamng'ono, Sergei analowa mbiri Soviet yasayansi, amene anatsogolera makampani kompyuta. Kuchokera wotsika banja wolemekezeka anasamukira ku Moscow mu 1920. Iye kusukulu wotchuka wa kulenga Vhutemas-Vhutein (Art Apamwamba ndi luso situdiyo ndi Institute). Iye anaphunzira ntchito aluso French.

Pa siteji ena mwa ophunzira anakopeka luso wowerengeka (chidwi iconography, lubok, matailosi, matabwa, gingerbread). Omwe mophiphiritsa kumene mtundu "zikumveka" lotseguka dziko lonse ndi kukongoletsa, mtima zikuchokera, Mavrina Tatiana anapanga pang'onopang'ono. Kukhala wojambula anathandiza aphunzitsi Sinezubov N., G. Fedorov, R. Falk.

Nice "wophika mkate dazeni"

Mu 1929 Moscow ndinkakhala nalo chionetsero, amene anali nawo ojambula 13. Gulu kulenga za ochirikiza achinyamata zimakwana "mu mayendedwe a chilengedwe" ndipo ankatchedwa "Satini" (chiwerengero cha ophunzira). Young Lebedeva ndi mwamuna wake watsogolo ndi mnzake Nikolai Kuzmin analowa otsutsa selo "fractures Gothic ndi vutoli maganizo."

Kukhala pabanja, m'nyengo yozizira iwo ankakhala mu chipinda chaching'ono pa Sukharev Square mu Moscow. nyengo ofunda ankakonda kucheza pa kanyumba mu Abramtsevo. Mwina pali anapeza wathanzi ndi osangalala moyo kulimbikitsa ndi. Ndi kulemba mu mtundu wanyimbo a "luso chete". Mavrina Tatiana kulenga limaonetseratu zithunzi (nthawizina tinged ndi kumbali) wokwera ntchito. Iwo akope tcheru cha wowerenga a.

Moyo wa moyo

Pa luso 1930s ofotokozedwa m'chipinda kutsogolo ndiponso Kuzindikira. Chifukwa kufufuza kwambiri ndiponso kuthamanga maganizo, aluso ambiri (kuphatikizapo Mavrina ndi Kuzmin) anatembenuka nyimbo chipinda, kusonyeza malo, odzaza ndi chikondi kwa dziko lakwawo, zochitika za moyo wa banja (chirichonse chimene chinali mwa chimango zolembalemba ndi maganizo).

Gulu la "13" zachitika kalembedwe zojambulajambula. Posachedwapa, mu kugawanika dera, izo unatha. Komabe, m'zaka za m'ma 1930s kalembedwe wapeza "wophika mkate dazeni" akhala gawo limodzi la bukhu ndi magazini mafanizo. Painting Tatyany Mavrinoy makamaka limabweretsa nthawi imeneyi. French ntchito pambuyo Impressionist amatikumbutsa otaya lapansi.

Wokhometsa ndi mlengi wa zozizwitsa

Mafuta utoto pa nsalu kwa nthawi yotsiriza wojambula analemba mu 1942. Icho chinali chithunzi cha "kuvina pakhonde gululi." Pambuyo pake, malinga ndi chikuonetseratu wake, wayamba moyo watsopano. Koma mkazi wolimba sanataye mtima chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa mitundu ndi nsalu kwa kupenta. Kuulula kope yosavuta ndi pensulo kujambula Moscow. Ine anadutsa ndi kudutsa likulu. Pamene moto wa makumi anai wa mzaka zana makumi awiri Tatyana amakonda zithunzi kusonkhanitsa, zidole dongo, trays, ntchito yopeta. Ndi Nikolai Kuzmin iwo kuika pamodzi zosonkhanitsira enviable zinthu wowerengeka luso.

Pamodzi ndi mwamuna wake iye utoto mawilo kupota, ang'ono mabokosi birch makungwa (tueski), mabotolo, makope zipsera otchuka monga kulenga mafanizo kwa nthano kwenikweni. Chotero, chinthu chinthu, kukongoletsa zodzikongoletsera mu mgugu unsembe anabadwa mwini chilengedwe wowerengeka. Mu zaka 1950-1960 chithunzicho ndi likulu ndi chidwi ndi chifaniziro cha chilengedwe. Iye anapita pa midzi Russian, ndi Nkhani yomwe imatsogolera ku nthawi zakale.

magetsi Blue cornflowers

Pa zimene mfundo akakhalemo Tatiana Mavrina cornflowers pa zenera - zilibe kanthu. Chofunika, fano limapezeka ndi moyo pambuyo pa imfa yake. Kuyang'ana chithunzi cha dzina chomwecho, akale asukulu Soviet kukumbukira buku pa chinenero cha Chirasha, amene anaphunzira m'sukulu za pulayimale. Pamaziko a cithunzithunzi ici yowala anyamata anayamba (ndi osauka) ndi chidwi zosemasema.

Mbali zimenezi zinkachititsa cha lona, ndipo tsopano ana akufotokoza zimene akuganiza kuti ndi anamvetsa mfundo ya chithunzicho. Kufotokoza zenera pansi pamwamba, mwini dzanja ngati anabweretsa omvera kumwamba. Pamwamba pa denga, amene ali kuoneka bwino kuti munthu "mu chipinda", palibe dzuwa. Koma pamaso pa kuwala wosaoneka kupereka mitambo golide, mawunikidwe pa sill zenera ndi mtsuko galasi, mphika.

ndikudabwa ABC

Chifukwa chakuti nkhani za chithunzi (maluwa, mitambo, nyumba) alibe contours bwino, kumverera kwa mphamvu zachilendo: onse udindo kusintha mu mlengalenga, ngati kusungunuka kwa kutentha. Deliquescent yosavuta zikwapu, nanga zotsatira! Timakonda kumva kutentha kwa sunbeam a. Chotero bwino kumwamba buluu, ndipo zimenezi n'zomveka: ndi chilimwe tsiku. Maluwa pa zenera, osati mkati chipinda - monga zamoyo masaka foni ndi chikhalidwe zopanda moyo. Chotsani "diso" a mitundu yagwirizana ndi lakumwamba buluu. Wangwiro njira.

Ena amakhulupirira kuti "ABC" Mavrina - lina lomwe mafanizo kwa nthano. Bukhu wamng'ono kwambiri kusonyeza kuchuluka kwa malingaliro a anthu. Kuphunzira kalata, ana athu podziwa nthabwala zabwino, ndi unobtrusive malangizo adzakondwera zozizwitsa.

Phunziroli ndi chimodzi cha katswiri, amene m'buku ana yosindikiza si kwambiri. Anthu amene anaphunzira kwambiri komanso amayang'ana zotsatira za zojambulajambula Russian, fanizo kuti: wanzeru mbali zonse pachimake pa zilandiridwenso pafupifupi mumangire.

Wapadera interweaving a zozizwitsa

Buku zachilendo kwa ana a sukulu ndi sukulu zaka, lofalitsidwa mu 1969, osati monga losavuta phunziro. Chaluso kutulutsa General Directorate "Goznak" (Moscow), amangogwira ntchito pa malamulo kwambiri m'dziko. Okonda, ndipo kumbukirani izi makina woonda makatoni wofiira, embossing golide pa chivundikiro, buku jekete, dzanja okokedwa pa maziko golide.

Monga anaitana ntchito yake Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna? "Fairy Zilembo". Nzosadabwitsa: mkazi uyu luso sangakhale popanda dziko kumene zonse ndi bodza, choncho Zokuthandizani, wokoma detushkam phunziro. Owala zilembo, chithunzicho amalenga chitsanzo zovuta za kuchuluka kwa nkhani.

Kuphunzira powapatsa

A, b, c, anthu d e ... kudziwa kumwamba makwerero ingenuous, mokondwera, chowala, odalirika. Zikuoneka kuti mu osiyanasiyana m'dziko lathu (options yekha primers mulibe kuwerenga), zilembo izi powerenga Palibenso kupezeka kwa nzeru, kufupika. Ana amakonda kusewera "m'mawu." Mavrina Tatiana ntchito "Mochenjera".

Images omwe alipo chilembo, moyo ndi kuchita chimodzimodzi anzawo wosangalatsa. mkulu-mapeto luso - kuonetsetsa kuti pa kupeza kulemba ntchito iliyonse mzere, aliyense zagogulinka. Kodi usiku wonse ankamuona ngati atsekwe zouluka (ndi Baba Yaga ndi) monga kukula boletus bowa chikusuntha ilibe Tsar Saltan, iye chimakakamiza mwa thumba Coq Dadon.

Wotchuka kwambiri ndipo ankakonda zilembo za nthano Tatyana ankafotokozedwa osati "encrypted", koma masamba osiyana. The mwana wosatha mu moyo wanga, Mavrina si nthawi zonse kupereka yankho kwa mwambiwo. Iye anapereka ana kuthetsa iwo nokha.

Apa amakhala nzeru

Kodi ndi chimwemwe ankakhala mu dziko Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna! Master zojambula, ngati anachokera ku nthano. mafanizo lowoneka ngati zithunzi wosangalatsa. Wauzimu, chimene chiri choperewera mu ana ano. Panyengo yankho kumene kuyang'ana akamanena wosatha wa moyo. Akukhulupirira kuti anabweretsa pa zotsatira za Russian zojambula zithunzi ana kumva wowonda, chozama okwera.

"ABC" tinalisindikizanso lero. The pafupifupi catastrophically zaspamlennye dziko kalonga kumbuyo Elisha, Mlongo Alyonushka, Emelya pa mbaula, Sivka-Burka aulosi kaurka. Makolo ambiri amavomereza: iwo kwenikweni ndikufuna ana kukhala mabwenzi ndi bukhu, chokongoletsedwa ndi dzanja ili woganiza mbuye. Ena alangizi kupanga ndemanga: "Ngati mukufuna" kalembedwe Mavrinskiy ' ". Tikukhulupirira inu ndi ana anu adzakonda izo.

kunyada ndi kukongola

Kumaliza nkhani, amene amatchulidwa ndi chiyambi: lembani mizinda yonse Russian, kumene Mavrina Tatyana Alekseevna anapita, n'kovuta kwambiri. atapita yaitali kukumbukira zakale za Zvenigorod, Pereslavl Zaleski, Yuriev-Polsky, Suzdal, Uglich, Yaroslavl, Kostroma. The chifukwa cha maulendo kulenga - buku Album lotchedwa "Njira-misewu", analemba ndi kusindikiza nyumba "Mmisiri wa RSFSR" mu 1980. Pa pachimake - 212 mitundu mbali yapadera Russia (watercolor, gouache).

Wakuti chikhalidwe "Za Author" lili lemba mu zinenero angapo (kuphatikizapo English, French, German). Bukhu linasindikizidwa ku Germany mu mtundu Buku. Tatyana amasankha mapepala, mzere Kamangidwe. Mu 1976, chifukwa cha ntchito yake kupereka mutu wa Laureate wa Prize State wa USSR, anakhala Chithunzi wolemekezeka kwambiri mwa Russia.

N'zochititsa chidwi zotsatirazi maganizo luso (ndi nzika chabe nkhawa) Kawirikawiri pambuyo pa imfa ya wojambula kulengedwa zambiri kudetsa overrated. Pankhaniyi siziri zoona: mawu akuti "wojambula lalikulu" Inu mukhoza kunena, popanda manyazi, monga zimachitika mu moyo. T. A. Mavrinoy ntchito m'mamyuziyamu onse akuluakulu a Russia.