Matenda otengera - anthu masinthidwe jini

matenda otengera ndi chinthu etiological mu mawonekedwe cha masinthidwe, amene osati chifukwa cha zolakwika, komanso bwanji pathogenesis awo. Mu milandu pali kutengera za kumtundu.

masinthidwe cholowa anawagawa majini ndi matenda chromosomal. Woyamba zapita popanda kusintha kulikonse pa mibadwo, amene amayamba ndi zochita za jini mutated, koma pathogenesis ake chikugwirizana ndi mankhwala chachikulu cha chibadwa (nthenda dongosolo, kupanda michere kapena mapuloteni).

Chromosomal cholowa matenda wachinsinsi ndi mtundu wa syndromes kusintha zomwe zimapangidwa M'ndandanda (aneuploidy, polyploidy) ndi structural (duplications, translocations, inversions, deletions) rearrangements. Palinso Chigawo cha matenda mono- ndi polygenic. Yotsirizira zambiri chifukwa kutengera za kumtundu.

gulu lina ndi zolakwika kuti mkatimkati yoopsa ndi zosagwirizana a chitetezo akuchikazi. Chitsanzo ndi matenda hemolytic a ana akhanda.

matenda kumtundu wa munthu ali kwakukulukulu zokhudzana ndi dziko la makolo pa mbali akuchikazi. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mayi wakhala khansa, pali Mwina mkulu wa kuwombana vuto ofanana. Ndipo ngati pali wachibale ndi matenda matenda Mwina ndi kawiri. Ngati munthu ali pachiopsezo tikulimbikitsidwa kuchita mammogram chaka chilichonse. Akukhulupirira kuti khansa chifukwa cha chibadwa mutated zimafalitsidwa kwa mayi kapena bambo. Ngati chibadwa ali bwinobwino, maselo a zopangitsa za mammary kukhala atipatsa, mu mwambo kuyan'anila angayambe khansa.

Ngati mayi mu ukalamba anathyola fupa ndi kugwa yaing'ono kapena kukhala lalifupi, ndiye kufooka kwa mafupa. ana ake limapezeka chiopsezo matenda omwewa. Chotero matenda otengera sizachilendo kwambiri m'mabanja. Munthu sangathe kusonkhezera chibadwa chawo ndi kuthetsa zosiyanasiyana zothandizira nthendayi (zaka, jenda). Komabe, bwanji kukhala ndi thanzi fupa ndi kuchepetsa mavuto kulibe. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera kutsatira zakudya vitamini D ndi calcium, kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi, kuthetsa fodya ndi mowa.

matenda a mtima imatengedwa kuti ambiri wamwamuna. Komabe, chifukwa lalikulu pa pamatenda akuchikazi ndipo cholowa. Kuthamanga magazi (matenda oopsa), mafuta m'thupi, ndi shuga ndi kutenga zinthu zazikulu zimene zimabweretsa kudwala matenda a mtima ndi kukhala kutengera za kumtundu. Kuchepetsa Mwina wa matenda akhoza chotsatira moyo wathanzi ndi kulamulira zotsatira za maganizo. Kuti matenda lolamulidwa, muyenera kupita zonse cheke akuluakulu.

Depression komanso igwera mu gulu matenda otengera anthu. chitukuko bwanji majini, mahomoni zikuchokera, mankhwala ubongo vutoli, pamaso pa zochitika zopanikiza. Ngati makolo amadwala matenda, ana pali chizolowezi chomwecho. Ngati pali mbiri banja la matenda ayenera kutsatira kusintha maganizo, vuto oyambirira ndi kutenga mankhwala ake.

Autoimmune matenda otengera makamaka bwanji akazi okhaokha ndi makolo mayi wamkazi. Ngati kholo anadwala nyamakazi, insulin amadalira shuga kapena matenda ena autoimmune, pali mkulu imabwera HIV ake m'badwo wotsatira. matenda amenewa Sikuti kugwirizana ndi matenda omwewa. Mwachitsanzo, munthu wina m'banja lanu akufotokozera matenda celiac, ndi zina - angapo sclerosis.