Manambala bayinare: bayinare dongosolo

manambala bayinare - ndi chiwerengero cha bayinare dongosolo nambala, ndi maziko 2. akuyendera mwachindunji mu zamagetsi digito, ntchito zipangizo zamakono kwambiri kompyuta, kuphatikizapo makompyuta, mafoni ndi mitundu yonse ya masensa. Tikhoza kunena kuti zonse nthawi luso lathu anamanga pa manambala bayinare.

manambala mbiri

nambala iliyonse, ngakhale chitakhala chachikulu bwanji icho chiri, mu dongosolo bayinare zinalembedwa mwa zizindikiro ziwiri: 0 ndipo 1. Mwachitsanzo chithunzi 5 dongosolo lonse bwino decimal mu bayinare ankayimiridwa ngati 101. manambala bayinare akhoza anatchulidwa ndi manambala oyambirira 0b kapena ampersand (&) Mwachitsanzo: & 101.
M'magulu chiwerengero onse, kupatulapo decimal ndi otchulidwa ndi mmodzi ndi mmodzi, kuti walandiridwa monga chitsanzo 101 amawerengedwa "mmodzi ziro wina".

Kusamutsa kwa dongosolo wina ndi mzake

Mapulogalamu mowirikiza ntchito ndi dongosolo bayinare pa amapita angathe kutembenuza chiwerengero bayinare kuti decimal. Izi kwenikweni kuchitidwa popanda mitunduyi uliwonse, makamaka ngati munthu ali ndi maganizo a momwe ntchito ndi gawo laling'ono kwambiri pa kompyuta "ubongo" - Akamva.

chiwerengero ziro monga 0, ndipo chiwerengero cha pa dongosolo bayinare kudzakhala unit, koma chochita pamene manambala kuthamangitsidwa? Dongosolo decimal ndi "oitanidwa" kulowa mu Zikatero, mawu akuti "khumi," ndipo mu dongosolo bayinare, adzatchedwa "deuce".

Ngati 0 0 ° (ampersand - bayinare kalembedwe dongosolo) 1 = K 1, adzakhululukidwa amatchedwa 2 & 10. Pamwamba atatu komanso akhoza kulembedwa mu manambala ziwiri, adzakhala mawonekedwe & 11, kuti ndi deuce ndi gulu limodzi. osakaniza ndi zotheka akatha, ndipo mu dongosolo decimal anayambitsa mazana pa siteji uyu, ndipo bayinare - "anayi". Anayi - izo & 100, zisanu - & 101, asanu - & 110, seveni - & 111. Kenako, akuluakulu unit wa nkhani - chithunzi eyiti.

Iwo Tingaone Mbali: ngati manambala decimal ndi kuchulukitsa ndi khumi (1, 10, 100, 1000 ndi zina zotero), mu bayinare, motero, pawiri: 2, 4, 8, 16, 32. umenewu umafanana ndi kukula kwa makadi kung'anima kukumbukira ndi abulusa ena ntchito makompyuta ndi zipangizo zina.

ndi malamulo bayinare Kodi

Manambala tikuonera dongosolo bayinare, lotchedwa bayinare, koma mawonekedwe akhoza kuperekedwa ndi mfundo n'zosangalatsa kumva (m'nkhaniyi ndi zizindikiro). Choncho n'zotheka encode mawu ndi malemba mu kanjedza, ngakhale iwo adzakhala ndi view kotero bwino, chifukwa kulemba kalata imodzi yokha timafunika ziro ndi anthu.

Koma mmene makompyuta sakwanitsa kuwerenga nkhani zochuluka? Ndipotu, chirichonse chiri mosavuta kuposa zikuwoneka. Anthu anazolowera kuti dongosolo decimal, choyamba kutembenuza manambala bayinare mu bwino kwambiri, ndikuonetsetsa kuti iwo mpheto uliwonse, ndi kompyuta ofotokoza mfundo ndi poyamba bayinare dongosolo chiwerengero. Unit mu luso limafanana ndi voteji mkulu, ndi ziro - ndi otsika, kapena voteji za gulu ili, ndi ziro kwina.

manambala bayinare mu chikhalidwe

kulakwitsa ndi kuganiza kuti dongosolo bayinare - ndicho kukwaniritsa masamu ano. Ngakhale manambala bayinare ndipo n'zofunika kwambiri nthawi luso lathu, akhala kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo mu madera osiyana a dziko. Ntchito mzere yaitali (wagawo) likukulira (ziro) kabisidwe zilembo zisanu ndi zitatu, kutanthauza zinthu zisanu ndi zitatu: kumwamba, dziko lapansi, bingu, madzi, mapiri, mphepo, moto ndi madzi (madzi kulemera). Izi analogi wa nambala 3-bit anafotokoza m'mipukutu yakale cha Bukhu la Kusintha. Trigrams anali Hexagrams 64 (nambala 6-bit), dongosolo limene m'kaundula wakhala ili Kusintha malinga ndi chiwerengero bayinare kuchokera 0 kuti 63.

kuti unapangidwa mu khumi m'ma Chinese katswiri Shao Yong, ngakhale palibe umboni kuti iye anamvetsa bayinare dongosolo chiwerengero wonse.

Mu India, ngakhale pamaso yathu ino amagwiritsidwanso ntchito manambala bayinare mu maziko masamu kwa malongosoledwe a ndakatulo lopangidwa masamu Pingala.

Nodular kulemba Inca (bale) akuganiza zinachitika wa zinasokoneza makompyuta ano. Zinali koyamba kuti ntchito osati manambala bayinare, koma osati zolemba n'zosangalatsa kumva mu dongosolo bayinare. Mfundo kalata bale khalidwe osati mafungulo pulayimale ndi zina, koma ntchito manambala Pamalo ndiyotengera ntchito mitundu, ndi mndandanda deta ya kubwereza (m'zinthu). Inky woyamba kugwiritsa ntchito njira mlandu anaitana awiri kulowa.

Woyamba wa mapulogalamu ndi

dongosolo bayinare zochokera manambala 0 ndi 1, ndi anafotokoza wotchuka wasayansi, wasayansi masamu Gotfrid Vilgelm Leybnits. Ankakonda chikhalidwe wakale Chinese ndi kuphunzira chikhalidwe lemba m'buku la Kusintha anati motsata hexagrams manambala bayinare kuchokera 0 kuti 111111. Iye chidwi umboni wa patsogolo nzeru za anthu ndi masamu pa nthawi. Leibniz akhoza kutchulidwa loyamba mapulogalamu ndi theorists zambiri. Zinali iye amene azindikira kuti ngati ife kulemba gulu la manambala bayinare vertically (pamwamba pa ena), ndiye chifukwa mizati ofukula za manambala zidzabwerezedwa zonse ziro ndi anthu. Iwo anamutcha kuti afotokoze kuti pakhoza kukhala malamulo atsopano masamu.

Lejbnits anamvetsa ndiponso kuti manambala bayinare ndi mulingo woyenera ntchito mu zimango, maziko a m'mene zinthu zidzasinthire ayenera kungokhala chete ndi yogwira m'zinthu. Pabwalo anali m'zaka za m'ma 17, ndi wasayansi wamkulu anapanga makina kuwerengetsa mu pepala, ntchito pamaziko a zimene anatulukira latsopano, koma anazindikira msanga kuti chitukuko alibe apabe ngati zaumisiri, ndipo pa nthawi yake, chilengedwe cha makina chotero sizingatheke.