Mabakiteriya: a njira ya kudya, mbali structural, malo okhala

Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza za zamoyo zambiri wakale - mabakiteriya. Catering ndi malo a zamoyo izi ndi yosiyanasiyana. Kodi inakula makhalidwe amenewa?

General makhalidwe mabakiteriya

Mabakiteriya ndi gulu la zamoyo tosaoneka unicellular. Iwo prokaryotes. Izi zikutanthauza kuti maselo awo mulibe mtima chikalata. mfundozo majini lili DNA annular Chilwa mwachindunji mu cytoplasm lapansi.

Akalumikidzidwa maselo bakiteriya ali yosiyanasiyana. Iwo akhoza kutenga maonekedwe a dera, ndodo, mphesa, mizere yozungulira, nyenyezi, ndi kyubu m. P. zida mabakiteriya Zikundiyendera ankaimira Kakhungu permeable, mucous kapisozi ndi mpanda selo murein kapena ongokhala pectin. Mu cytoplasm ndi ribosomes prokaryotic ndi zinthu cytoskeletal.

Mabakiteriya: a njira ya kudya ndi malo okhala

Chifukwa kuphweka ya mlathowo bakiteriya katswiri malo onse. Zikupezeka mu madzi, nthaka, mpweya, miyala, akasupe a madzi otentha, padziko thupi mu ziwalo za zomera, nyama ndi anthu. Mwa njira mabakiteriya chakudya ndi onse auto- ndi heterotrophs.

Akale ali m'zipinda zawo, plastids chloroplasts imene dzuwa amapezeka. Zotsatira zake ndi zimam'patsa shuga, amene ntchito kukhazikitsa njira zosiyanasiyana za moyo. The zamoyo ntchito kaphatikizidwe zinthu organic dzuwa mphamvu, amatchedwanso phototrophs. Zikuphatikizapo zobiriwira, wofiirira, cyanobacteria.

gulu lina la mabakiteriya autotrophic ntchito pa moyo wa mphamvu kumangidwa mankhwala. Iwo kutembenuza mankhwala zovuta chosavuta. Zimenezi amatchedwa chemosynthesis. Zitsanzo za zinthu zoterozo ndi sulfure, chitsulo, ndi asafe-chikukonzekera mabakiteriya.

Ndipo gulu mokwanira zambiri za prokaryotes heterotrophic. magetsi awo zimadalira chilengedwe. Malinga ichi, pali magulu atatu mabakiteriya:

• saprotrophs;
• majeremusi;
• zamoyo symbiotic.

Tiyeni tione aliyense wa iwo mwatsatanetsatane.

saprotrophs

Gulu la mabakiteriya amakhala TV onse amene ali kanthu organic. Izi zikhoza kukhala nthaka, zomera ndi nyama. Mwachitsanzo, mabakiteriya a kuwola mphamvu ndi saprotroph njira. Iwo kuwola ndinso organic, kuchotsa zakudya.

Imeneyo ndiyo njira ya mphamvu ya tizilombo lactic acid. luso lawo kupesa chakudya ankagwiritsa ntchito makampani chakudya. Kefir, thovu mkaka yakeyi, kanyumba tchizi, yogurt - mankhwala zinyalala zonse a mtundu umenewu prokaryotes.

nsikidzi

mabakiteriya Parasitic, njira amenenso mphamvu heterotrophic anthu mkati kapena padziko zamoyo zina. Kudya zakudya ambuye m'moyo, chifukwa ndi matenda aakulu. Mwachitsanzo, kamwazi Bacillus, kuti wachulukitsa mu intestine ndi, amachititsa kufooka, malungo, kupweteka kwa mutu, kukhumudwa mpando - onse kuwonekera kwa kamwazi. "The matenda a manja zauve" nthawi zambiri amatchedwa salmonellosis, tayifodi ndiponso kolera. Onse a iwo amayamba ndi ingestion wa prokaryotes parasitic.

Anthu ndi nyama matenda oopsa ndi TB, matenda a anthrax, kafumbata, angina, diphtheria, glanders, brucellosis. Njira ya mawu oyamba mu thupi zosiyana:

• kudya madzi kapena chakudya zakhudzana;
• airborne njira;
• Kulephera kutsatira ukhondo.

mabakiteriya symbiotic

zamoyo ambiri amatha kulowa ubale ndi matanthauzo opindulitsa ndi maufumu ena a chilengedwe. Iwo nazonso ndi mabakiteriya. Catering oimira gulu ichinso ndi heterotrophic. Komabe, iwo ali okonzeka kudya zinthu zamoyo zina popanda mavuto. Komanso mchitidwe uwu phindu ambiri.

Chitsanzo cha mawonetseredwe amenewa nitrifying mabakiteriya kuti moyo mu mizu ya zomera leguminous. Kupeza pali dothi mwa ming'alu mu ❖ kuyanika minofu, iwo anayamba mwachangu zikuchulukirachulukira. Izi zimachititsa thovu laling'ono, koma zambiri. Mtundu uwu wa tizilombo angathe kukonza asafe, mbali ya mlengalenga ndi kusintha mu mawonekedwe kupezeka kwa zomera. Pankhaniyi iwo kukonzekera kwa zakudya zomera, amene ali mwa amadzimadzi njira.

Anthu mabakiteriya symbiotic ndi prokaryotes kuti moyo m'matumbo wake. Apa, iwo amapanga michere, zina zomwe akuwaza angapo a mankhwala organic. Mabakiteriya a khungu ndipo zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana mucous kuteteza resettlement wa prokaryotes "mlendo".

Choncho bakiteriya amene sali tating'ono prokaryotic zamoyo. Iwo akhoza mosadalira apanga pawiri organic (autotrophs) ndi wokonzeka kudya (heterotrophs).