Malo a chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira. Kodi zimbalangondo?

Kumalo ozizira kapena kumalo ozizira chimbalangondo ndi yekhayo amene zimagawidwa m'mayiko ambiri (US, Norway, Greenland ndi Russia) monga nyama zam'madzi. Kupatulapo ndi Canada, zomwe tsopano m'gulu chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira chisawawa lapansi. zimbalangondo ali pamwamba pa unyolo chakudya mu Arctic, komwe iwo amadya makamaka pa zomatira.

Kodi zimbalangondo?

Malinga atsopano Malinga ndi maphunziro ambiri, makolo wakale wa zimbalangondo ndi zofiirira chimbalangondo. anachokera kunayamba nthawi ya pafupi 350 zikwi 6 miliyoni zapitazo. Mosiyana ndi asuweni awo bulauni zapamtunda, zimbalangondo ali mwangwiro ndinazolowera kupulumuka mu nyanja Arctic ya Far North. Pali anthu osiyanasiyana zimbalangondo. Pali 19 mitundu ya subpopulations yosiyanasiyana ya zimbalangondo. Malinga ndi maphunziro zaposachedwapa, pali magulu akuluakulu anayi. Gawo izi zimachitika monga maziko ake ndi malo apadera komwe zimbalangondo: ayezi divergent, convergent ayezi, ayezi nyengo ndi archipelagos.

Kumalo ozizira chimbalangondo - ndi wachibale wake wapafupi wa ku Brown chimbalangondo. amuna achikulire kawirikawiri kulemera kwa makilogalamu 350 600. akazi wamkulu ang'onoang'ono - zambiri kulemera ndi kwa makilogalamu 150 kapena 295. zimbalangondo amaonedwa kukhala oleza kochepa. Kuthengo, amakhala avareji zaka 15 mpaka 18, ngakhale akatswiri analemba ena zoyambira zaka 30. Mu ukapolo, ena yaitali ankakhala zimbalangondo kufika zaka 40 zakubadwa. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ichi wakula mu ukapolo Medved akutchula Debbi ku Canada, amene anakhalako zaka 42.

Kodi zimbalangondo?

Malo a chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira - malo zake zachilengedwe, kumene akhoza kusaka kwa chakudya chawo, ndi kuchulukitsa, kupanga mapanga chisanu kwa hibernation ndi kuteteza ana awo. zimbalangondo zimapezeka mu Arctic. Iwo nthawi zambiri amakhala m'madera anthu chisindikizo ringed wapezeka. Malo a chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira chimakwirira lonse circumpolar Arctic.

Nyama zimenezi lalikulu ndinazolowera moyo mwa madzi ndi pa dziko. Mosiyana ndi zimbalangondo zina, chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira ndi kusambira kwambiri, ndipo nthawizina iwo Tingaone makilomita oposa 160 kuchokera kudziko kapena ayezi. Panopa maperesenti oposa 40 zimbalangondo onse kumalo ozizira moyo kumpoto Canada, pa ayezi m'bali mwa zilumba zambiri.

Kuopseza ikutha

zimbalangondo amaonedwa kukhala mitundu osatetezeka kwambiri mawu kutha. Mu Russia, nyama kutchulidwa Red Book, zomwe zikuphatikizapo nyama osowa kapena pangozi. Mu US, chimbalangondo choyera monga mitundu anaopseza zalembedwa mu mndandanda wa "zatsala pang'ono kutha." Canada akukhulupirira kuti amafunika chisamaliro chapadera ku mitundu mitundu pangozi. miyeso kuteteza ziweto anatengedwa pa mlingo malamulo.

Chifukwa uli zilibe malo okhala chifukwa cha kusintha kwa nyengo. Asayansi ukuonetsa kuti chifukwa limatsogolera tima ayezi kulandilidwa ndi mphambu ziwili za chiwerengero lonse la zimbalangondo akhoza kutha m'zaka za zana lino. phunziro akusonyezanso kuti pali fixable, ngati posachedwapa udzachotsedwa kwa kuchepetsa mpweya mpweya woipa. malo zimbalangondo sayenera zonyansa chifukwa cha ntchito malonda kozizira.

Kumalo ozizira zimbalangondo: malo

Zimbalangondo kusinthidwa kwa nyengo kozizira, pamene yozizira kutentha akhoza kugwera pansi mpaka -45º C. Nyama zimenezi kuti olekanitsidwa awiri ubweya wosanjikiza, chomwe chimawathandiza kusunga thupi kutentha. Komanso, mu nthawi yabwino iwonso nkhungu wosanjikiza wa mafuta. Yaying'ono makutu yaing'ono ndi mchira komanso kuteteza kutentha imfa. Ndipotu, zimbalangondo ndi mavuto ena ndi kutenthedwa kuposa ndi kuzizira, makamaka pamene akuthamanga. Hunt amawathandiza champhamvu kununkhiza, ndi zikhadabo zawo angasunge kupanga mu makilogalamu 40-90.

Ikani chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira mu unyolo chakudya

Habitat zolusa izi furry ndi Arctic m'chipululu. White Nyamuliranani pamwamba pa kozizira unyolo chakudya. Choncho bwino zachilengedwe zimatheka pofuna kupewa mopanikizana malo. Pamene chimbalangondo wamkulu mu mawonekedwe, popangidwa ndi thupi masitolo mafuta anakhalabe pakati chakudya.

Chimakwirira kusakasaka ringed zisindikizo, zisindikizo bearded, baleen zinsomba. Izi woyera ndi fluffy nyama ndi osambira kwambiri: amagwiritsa ntchito yoteroyo awo kutsogolo ngati nkhafi pamene miyendo yawo yakumbuyo zinthu ngati zowongolera a. Komanso, iwo amakhala chidwi kununkhiza: nyamazo, iwo akhoza fungo, pa mtunda wa kilometre wina.

chidzukulu

Malinga ndi matenda a thupi, mkazi zambiri kubereka mu kuwala kwa awiri kapena atatu ana pa zaka 4-6. Pa nkhani imeneyi, ndi zimbalangondo ndinu mmodzi wa mkombero slowest ubereki mu chikhalidwe, kubweretsa ana, kawirikawiri zosaposa kasanu mu moyo. Malo a chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira limachititsa kusankha pogona oyenera calving. ana timabadwa November kapena December m'mapanga chisanu, wotchedwa umayi mapanga.

Pobadwa, ana amaoneka ngati makoswe oyera, zomwe kufika kutalika 30-35 masentimita ndi kulemera oposa theka kilogalamu. Akhungu, mano wokutidwa ndi waufupi, ubweya zofewa ali kwathunthu amadalira mayi ake analandira kwa wachikondi wake ndi zakudya. Young kukula mofulumira ndithu kuthokoza mkulu-kalori mkaka wa mayi awo, amene okhutira mafuta ndi za 31%. zimbalangondo Little amakhala ndi amayi awo mpaka zaka 2.5.

mbali zosiyanasiyana

Malo a chimbalangondo kumalo ozizira zosiyanasiyana monga nyama angapange migrations wautali dziko ndi madzi pamodzi m'malire chokhala ndi zilumba. Anthu ena yambiri chaka pa dziko. akazi ambiri pakati nthawi yophukira ndi yozizira pansi pa umayi mapanga awo.

Kutentha mpweya pafupifupi Arctic ukufika -34 ° C mu dzinja ndi chirimwe 0 ° C. Malo ozizira yozizira ndi gawo kumpoto kum'mawa kwa Siberia kumene kutentha ndi adatchithisira kwa -69 ° C. m'madera otchulidwa pa dzinja ankaona kumtunda Siberia dera, Alaska ndi Canada, kumene kutentha akhoza kufika + 32 ° C.

Kumalo ozizira umabala malo amene imagwera pa kumpoto m'madera kumalo ozizira, kawirikawiri otchulidwa mafanizo zopeka otchuka ndi mabuku ana, pamodzi ndi anyani a. Komabe, iwo amakhala pa mitengo yosiyanasiyana. zimbalangondo sitikukhala mu Antarctica: anyani adzakhalamo pa ayezi lokutidwa Africa atazunguliridwa ndi nyanja, ndi kumalo ozizira chimbalangondo malo - ndi Arctic.

Awa ndiwo nyama chodabwitsa - kumalo ozizira zimbalangondo.