Litos - Kukumana ndi njerwa

General mfundo za njerwa

Lutuginsky zomera nyumba zipangizo TM "LITOS" umabala mkulu khalidwe kukakumana zonse mwamakono mfundo za ulimi. Njerwa - mmodzi wa zida maziko. Zimene tikudziwa kuchokera ku mbiriyakale ndi luso kupanga njerwa?

Mawu "njerwa" anaonekera mu zinenero Russian Turkic kale XIV atumwi, mwachitsanzo, Chitata kirpic. Pamaso plinfa njerwa ntchito. Amadziwika kuti akuchezeredwa kuti Tsar Ivan m'khutu yosatha Sofia tchalitchi mu Vologda plinfa unagwera pa iye, "zochokera m'chipinda chotetezeka dullish upadana plinfa wofiira."

Plinfa - ndi wochepa thupi lonse mbale dongo - za 2.5 masentimita wandiweyani. Plinfu anapanga m'njira yapadera matabwa. Iye zouma masiku 10-14, kenako anachotsedwa mu uvuni. Ambiri mbale izi anapeza chizindikiro, amene ankaona zizindikilo za makasitomala.

Standard njerwa Nsembe wakhala kudziwika za kuyambira m'zaka za m'ma XVI.

Mpaka m'ma XIX luso yopanga njerwa kunali kovuta ndi nthawi wonyeketsa. njerwa akamaumba anapanga ndi manja ndi zouma iwo mu chirimwe, wopangidwa-kuwombera mauvuni zinawonongeka zinamangidwa a zouma njerwa za dothi. Mu pakati pa XIX atumwi, anamanga zozungulira uvuni ndi lamba atolankhani, amene anasonyeza kuti zisinthe mu ulimi. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma XIX anayamba kumanga choumitsira. Pa nthawi yomweyo anaonekera glinoobrabatyvayuschie makina othamanga, odzigudubuza, pug-mphero. Lero, anthu oposa 80% wa njerwa opangidwa ogwira ntchito chaka chonse. Pakati pawo lalikulu makina m'mafakitale amene ntchito kuposa 200 mln. Ma PC. pa chaka. Asanabadwe athu ambiri kwambiri m'mayiko ambiri anali ndi njerwa matope, yaiwisi, nthawi zambiri Kuwonjezera akanadulidwa udzu dongo, koma ntchito pomanga zipolopolo njerwa ndi kunayamba akale, monga nyumba ku Egypt, 3-2-TH Zakachikwi BC. E ..

A udindo kwambiri nyimbo ndi njerwa ndi kumanga Mesopotamia ndi Rome wakale, kumene njerwa (kukula 45h30h10) kumanga nyumba zikuluzikulu, kuphatikizapo arches ndi zina zotero. N. Chitsanzo chabwino cha zomangamanga njerwa mu Russia nthawi ya John III chinali kumanga mpanda ndi akachisi a Moscow Kremlin, amene anali kuthamanga ndi amisiri Italy. Mu nthawi yathu, njerwa ali mkulu khalidwe ndi katundu onse okhudzidwa ntchito yomanga ano. Njerwa TM "Litos" - chitsimikizo cha apamwamba. The TM "Litos" njerwa kupanga mbewu kusalima osati zinthu zikuluzikulu, ndipo anthu ntchito, komanso yaitali mbiri izi yooneka ngati yosavuta nyumba maziko ngati njerwa.