Kwakusiyana mafuta: zofunika khalidwe

mafuta ndege - mafuta mankhwala kupanga udindo ntchito Motors a mitundu yosiyanasiyana zoyendera mphepo. Malinga zikuchokera, kuchuluka ndi ntchito, mafuta akhoza kukhala a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pali mfundo zofunikira ziwiri: mafuta kwakusiyana (izo amatchedwanso ndege mafuta) ndi avgas.

Aliyense injini lakonzedwa kutenga nkhani kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta makamaka amene amathandiza liwiro zofunika ndiponso kudalirika. Ngati ntchito mafuta, sananenedwe kwa mtundu uwu wa injini, n'zotheka kuchepetsa moyo ndi mphamvu ntchito makhalidwe a ndegeyo.

mafuta ndege ndege

Ndege mafuta - palafini kwa injini ndege - ntchito pofuna nkhuni kwambiri la ndegeyo. N'zochititsa zopangidwa osiyana. Mu dziko lathu, ife ntchito mitundu zisanu ndi chimodzi, makamaka kusankha zimadalira zinthu ndi makhalidwe a ndegeyo. Mwachitsanzo, mu subsonic ndege applicable TS-1 palafini munali wambirimbiri sulfa m'magawo zikuchokera. A ndege supersonic ntchito pa TC-8 TC-sitampu kapena 6. Low-okwera ndege ali ankakolezera ndi palafini TS-2.

Palafini - ndege osati

Palafini anatchula mitundu monga kuwala katundu mafuta. Linapangidwa ndi distillation mwachindunji kapena kuyenga sekondale. Kuwira mfundo ya mankhwala, malinga ndi zikuchokera, zingasiyane madigiri 150 mpaka 250.

Nawa kuchuluka waukulu palafini:

• Ndege. Pali palafini ndege mafuta ntchito ngati coolant ndi kagwere injini monga mankhwala lubricating kachitidwe mafuta. Iye watsimikizira m'njira zambiri, makamaka, kuonjezera injini durability ndi otsika kutentha katundu.
• Roketi sayansi. Pakali pano, palafini chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga mafuta roketi, ngakhale dzuwa otsika. M'tsogolo Mwaichi mukukonzekera kugwiritsa ethane kapena propane.
• Kupanga. Palafini ndi kwambiri zopangira kwa ulimi wa polyethylene ndi polypropylene, ndi zina zipangizo kupanga.
• Kutentha. M'mayiko palibe chapakati Kutentha dongosolo, ankagwiritsa ntchito palafini. Iwo amakhala ndi mkulu ntchito moto, kothandiza ndiponso ndalama ntchito.
• Kuyatsa. Ngakhale chimagwiritsidwa ntchito magetsi, nyali ndi mofulumira palibe kusiya malo awo.

Popular mitundu ya mafuta ndege m'dziko lathu ndi kunja

Pa msika yachilendo zimatulutsa mitundu yambiri ya mafuta ndege. Iwo kusiyana ndi kuchepetsa kuwira mfundo ndi mbali fractional zikuchokera pophulikira (mwachitsanzo, mitengo apamwamba ali ndege palafini nyanja), ndi zina zotero.

The mankhwala wotchuka kwambiri ndi ndege dizilo ndi bwino fractional zikuchokera, ankagwiritsa ntchito mu ndege boma. Mwachitsanzo, mtundu "kwakusiyana A-1". Kwa iye azikumana zofunika kwambiri. Koma m'mayiko osauka amafuna mafuta pafupifupi palibe malamulo.

avgas

Chithunzi yaikulu ya ndege mafuta - injini pisitoni ndege Helicopters, buku laling'ono. M'galimoto injini yodziwika ndi yokakamiza dongosolo mafuta jekeseni, ndi potero amafuna mafuta ndege ayenera yosiyana.

The zikuchokera zikuphatikizapo ndege mafuta bwino ayesedwe zigawo analandira chifukwa cha njira yapadera. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta flavoring kapena othandizira kusintha. The mankhwala akamagwira processing sekondale, zili chimasanduka olefinic, ndi sichiri mwa kupanga utsi ndege.

Lero, poyerekeza ochiritsira sukulu petulo kwa makampani magalimoto, ndege mitundu opangidwa ndi ochepa - 2 okha%. Mwa njira, ena zitsanzo za injini mu ndege amatha ntchito pa muyezo mafuta A-95. Komabe, ndege mafuta ndi zambiri khola ndi Mkhalidwe zikuchokera.

magawo Quality wa mafuta ndege:

• Detonation bata. Anafunitsitsa mafuta mpweya osakaniza mosiyanasiyana zikuchokera.
• The crystallization kutentha - m'munsi ndi, ndi apamwamba khalidwe.
• Special fractional zikuchokera.
• Pakalibe dikira zinthu kapena pamaso pawo mu osachepera kuchuluka.
• Popeza mankhwala sulfure ndi zidulo.
• Mkulu kutentha kuyaka.
• Mkulu odana ndi kugogoda katundu.
• Kwambiri kusunga bata.

makhalidwe onsewa kudziwa ubwino wa utsi ndege, choncho kudalirika kwa injini.

Gulu la zopangidwa ndi zikuchokera

Mafuta chifukwa injini ndege zimasiyanasiyana ndi zizindikiro kalasi. Ndi muyeso uwu ndi udindo ndi mphamvu mwakuchita injini. Mwachitsanzo, mafuta B-91/115 nambala wachiwiri basi chizindikiro cha kalasi, ndipo woyamba - ndi octeni chiwerengero.

Mosiyana, galimoto mafuta, ndege si wogawanika mu dzinja ndi chirimwe mitundu. Pambuyo zouluka nthawi imodzi ndi kutentha yomweyo, umene pang'ono anakhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa nyengo. Koma mtundu uliwonse wa mafuta mu ndege tetraethyl kutsogolera ndi kuwonjezera mosamalitsa zambiri zonse miyezo ya sulfure ndi phula. Kuonetsetsa magawo chofunika wa calorific mtengo ndi crystallization kutentha kwa toluene ndi anawonjezera, isomerate, pirobenzol ndi mbali zina.

Pamaso zina wapadera kapangidwe ndi mtundu limasonyeza ndege mafuta. Koma zimakhala yowala chikasu, wowala wobiriwira kapena lalanje.

mfundo khalidwe

Mu dziko lathu pali ntchito mfundo zenizeni za mafuta ndege. Kuwonjezera kugwilizana kwambiri ndi mfundo zachilengedwe pa gulu la "Yuro", pali wapadera luso malangizo zolimbana amafuna mwachindunji ndege mafuta ndi dizilo ndege.

Mwachitsanzo, mu mafuta, ntchito ndege, pasakhale surfactant, ndi chinthu mankhwala, kapena kupezeka ndalama ndi kochepa sikumangotikhudza makhalidwe ntchito. Iwo uyenera kukhala ndi kukana mkulu makutidwe ndi okosijeni. N'cholandirika zikuchokera wokhutira wa tetraethyl patsogolo. Ndipo mafuta ntchito kalasi ya osachepera 130 amaloledwa kuwonjezera utoto wabuluu.

The mafuta ndege sayenera zosafunika monga madzi, sulfure, dikira mankhwala. Malamulo okhwima okhudza crystallization kutentha ndi kinematic kukhuthala, zomwe zingasiyane pakati pa makina ndege imathamanga subsonic ndi supersonic.

Pankhani kuchuluka kwa ntchito, mafuta ndege ntchito kokha mu injini ndege. The ntchito ndi cholinga ina ndi kutiletsa.