Kuyerekeza kwa akasinja a Russia ndi United States. Kodi ndizitani zomwe zikugwira ntchito ndi US ndi Russia?

Masiku ano, mobwerezabwereza wina amamva zokambirana za mphamvu zankhondo za akuluakulu awiriwa: Russia ndi United States. Nthawi zambiri zimabwera ku zipangizo zolemera, monga matanki ndi mfuti. Mwachitsanzo, anthu ambiri amaona kuti Abrahamu ndi amene ali wabwino kwambiri padziko lapansi. Koma apa musaganizire German yemweyo "Leopard 2A7", komanso Russian T-90. Tiyeni tifanizire pang'ono za matanki a Russia ndi United States ndipo tiwone yemwe wapambana pankhaniyi, ndipo ndani ayenera kuganiziranso zida zawo.

Zambiri zadzidzidzi

Tikhoza kunena mosamala kuti matanki T-90 ndi M1A1, Abrams omwewo, amaimira oyimilira omanga ku Russia ndi kumadzulo. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, malingaliro komanso malingaliro a sayansi ndi osiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, "Abrams" ndi "Panther 2A7" amayerekezera mopanda pake, chifukwa amasiyana mosiyana. Zina ndi zina ndi T-90.

T-72 angatchedwe wotsogoleredwa wa T-90, yomaliza ndi kusintha kwakukulu koyamba. Chida chachikulu ndi mfuti ya 125 mm. Pambuyo pokonzanso, chitetezo chinawonjezeka ndi 300%. Panali zida zamphamvu zogwiritsira ntchito, komanso chitetezo cholimba. Zonsezi zinayikidwa pa thanki popanda kuwonjezeka kwambiri kulemera kwake.

Mukhoza kunena kuti kuyika kwa T-90 kuli kochepa kwambiri. Izi, mbali imodzi, ndi zabwino, pamzake - ayi, zomwe tidzakambirana za mtsogolo. Atayamba kupanga nsanja zowonjezera, zida zowonjezera zida zowonjezereka zinakula. Ponena za chomera, ndi V92S2 injini ya dizilo.

Ponena za chigawocho, kupambanitsa kwake kumapangitsa kuti galimoto iyende bwino ndi zida zabwino. Pachifukwa ichi, dera la kutalika ndi magawo a mtanda ndiloling'ono. Chosavuta cha dongosololi ndi chakuti mbali yosasunthika ya zidazo ili m'malo osatetezedwa a thanki. Izi zimapangitsa kuti nkhondoyi ikhale yotetezedwa kwambiri ndi adani.

Mwachidule ponena za M1A1

Sitingathe kunena mawu ochepa ponena za American "Abrams". Makina amenewa agwira nawo nkhondo zambiri zapadziko lonse lapansi ndipo adziwonetsera bwino. Zida zankhondo, mphamvu zabwino, mphamvu zamoto komanso njira zamakono zothandizira ndi kulankhulana. Izi ndi zomwe asilikali a ku America adakonda M1A1.

Pa "Abrams", mosasamala kanthu za kusinthidwa, kamangidwe kabwino ka Germany kameneka Rh-120 (M256) kakonzedwa. Galimoto ya nkhondo ya ku US imatchuka chifukwa cha zida zake zokongola, zomwe zili ndi mbale zambiri. Koma ngati ziri zabwino kwambiri muzochita komanso ngati zoposa chitetezo cha T-90, tidzakambirana nazo pang'ono.

Pankhaniyi, malingana ndi izi, "Abrams" si osiyana kwambiri ndi anzake akumadzulo. Mwachitsanzo, buku lolembedwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita makumi awiri. Pa T-90 chizindikiro ichi sichichepera kawiri. Mbali yaikulu ya M1A1, komanso mwayi, ndikoyikidwa kwa chida cholimbana. Zigobowo zimayikidwa mu nsanja ndipo thupi liri lokha. Kuphatikizanso apo, pali mbale zogogoda. Chosagwirizana ndi chisankho choterocho ndi chakuti zida zonse zili mu nsanja, ndipo ndizovuta kwambiri kuziyika.

Tikayerekezera matanki a ku Russia ndi United States kuti apange mphamvu, ndiye kuti mphamvu ya injini imakhala yofanana. Komabe, makina a ku America ali ndi injini ya injini ya gasi, yomwe imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri kuposa dizilo ya ku Russia.

Kuyerekeza za kuyatsa moto ndi kayendedwe ka moto

M1A1 ndi M1A2 ali ndi mfuti 120-mm smoothbore. Liwiro loyamba la projectile ndi 1625m / s, ndipo mlingo wa moto uli pafupi maulendo 8 pa mphindi. Pachifukwa ichi, mlingo wa moto pakuyenda, makamaka m'madera ovuta, ukuchepetsedwa kwambiri. Zidazi zili ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito - caliber projectiles. Kawirikawiri izi ndi mitundu yambiri ya zipolopolo, mwachitsanzo, M829A1, M829A2, M829A3. Zaka zingapo zapitazi, M1A1 ndi M1A2 amaperekedwa ndi zipolopolo zatsopano za M829A3, zomwe ndizoopsa kwambiri pa Russian T-90. Kawirikawiri, iyi ndi sitima yolonjezedwa ku United States ndi zida zamphamvu kwambiri. Koma tiyeni tiwone zomwe zidakonzedwa ndi akatswiri a ku Russia.

T-90 imakhala ndi mfuti 125 mm yosakanikirana. Ulendo woyambirira wa kuthawa kwa projectile ndi 1750 mamita pamphindi, womwe uli wapamwamba kwambiri kuposa wa Abrams. Zida zambiri zomwe zili ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito zida zogwiritsira ntchito zida zankhondo zapakati pazaka za m'ma 1980. Pachifukwa ichi, tinganene kuti ponena za zida zankhondo, zipolopolo za ku Russian zinakumbidwa kale, choncho ziyenera kukhala m'malo atsopano. Komabe, zimakhala zovuta kusintha zida zatsopano, chifukwa pali zoperewera za chipangizo chotsatira chokha chomwe chili pafupi ndi projectiles. Mlingo wa moto ndi 8 kuzungulira pa mphindi. Mu kayendetsedwe ka-6 ma shoti. Chinthu china cha T-90 ndi chakuti chiri ndi zida zake KUV "Reflex-M". Izi zimapangitsa kuti moto ufike pamtunda wa makilomita atatu, womwe umapezeka nthawi ziwiri kuposa chiwonongeko cha mabanki ena amakono. "Reflex-M" imakulolani kuti mupambane nkhondo ya T-90 ngakhale musanalowe m'dera la moto.

Moto wolamulira T-90

Pa T-90, SAM imayikidwa ndi masana komanso zovuta kuziwona usiku. Kuwona tsikuli kuli ndi kukhazikika kwaokha pa ndege ziwiri. Izi zimapangitsa mfutiyo kugwira ntchito bwino. Zovuta kuziona usiku zimakhala zogwirizana ndi ndege ziwiri. Kulephera kwa njira yoteteza moto kotero kuti ndi kovuta kuwunikira ndi kutentha usiku usiku. Kusinthidwa kwa T-90S kumakhala ndi mawonekedwe abwino otentha "Essa", omwe amakulolani kuti muziyenda bwino ndi moto pamalowedwe mumdima.

Tikayerekezera matanki amakono a USA ndi Russia (Abrams ndi T-90), omalizawa amasiyana chifukwa ali ndi owonjezera komanso operewera. Zida zimenezi zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka za nsanja ndi chowonetsera pagalasi. Njirayi ikukuthandizani kuti muphatikize ntchito yazigawo ziwiri zokhazokha. Chofunikira ndicho kugwiritsa ntchito mokwanira luso luso la aliyense wa iwo. Okonza awiri ali pamwamba. Yoyamba ikukonzekera kuthetsa zolakwika pazomwe zikugwirizana ndi kufufuza kwa zovuta kuona, zomwe zimakhala chifukwa chosadziwika. Yachiwiri imachotsa vutoli poika njira zothandizira. Kusiyana kwina kwakukulu kuchokera kwa Abrams ndikuti mtsogoleri wa T-90 amatha kuwotcha pamakona a pansi ndi mpweya kuchokera ku mfuti yamakina.

Moto woyendetsa dongosolo "Abrams"

Sitima yatsopano yatsopano ya US ya M1A1 ili ndi vuto limodzi lodziwika bwino, lomwe liri ndi mphamvu zochepa za woyang'anira pofuna kupeza cholinga. Izi zimawoneka makamaka pa kayendetsedwe ka galimoto. Koma vutoli linapezedwa ndikuchotsedweratu pamasinthidwe a M1A2. Panopa wayika kale mawonekedwe a panoramic kutentha. Pachifukwa ichi, mtsogoleriyo akhoza kuyendetsa bwino ndikudziwitsa zolinga zosuntha.

JMA pa tank ya Abrams ndi yamakono kuposa pa T-90. Mfutiyo amagwira ntchito yaikulu, yomwe imakhala ndi mafano otentha ndi opeza. Kuwonjezeka kwa chingwe cha tsiku ndi x3 ndi x10, ndi kukhazikika kwawoneka. Palinso mawonekedwe othandizira asanu ndi atatu osasunthika. Kawirikawiri, kayendedwe ka moto pamasinthidwe a M1A2 ndi apamwamba kwambiri. Zimapereka kupezeka kwa makamera otentha ojambula zithunzi kwa mtsogoleri ndi mfuti. Ogwira ntchitowa amadalira kwambiri kayendedwe ka moto. Kugwiritsa ntchito makina opanga magetsi (ECU) kumathandiza kuti anthu azidziona okhaokha, kuti ayambe kuyendetsa ntchitoyo. Mwachidziwikire, tinganene kuti ngati tiyerekezera matanki a Russia ndi NATO, ndiye kuti omalizira a JMA apambana. Koma T-90 ikupambana kwambiri pamtunda wautali.

Pa chitetezo cha akasinja "Abrams" ndi T-90

Tavomereze kuti, zida zankhondo zimathandiza kwambiri kuti pakhale thanki pankhondo. Ndicho chifukwa chake chitetezo chiyenera kuonedwa kukhala chinthu chosiyana. Sitima yatsopano yatsopano ya ku United States ya M1A2 ili ndi zida zankhondo zokwanira, koma zowona bwino ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa za T-90. Mwachitsanzo, nsanjayi ili ndi zida zankhondo zothandizira zitsulo, zomwe zimakhala ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito zitsulo ndi zopangidwa. Kawirikawiri, kupambana kwa chitetezo chotereku ndikwanira, koma kukana kugunda ndiko kuchepa kwambiri. Mbali za nsanja ya M1A2 ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa T-90. Akatswiri amanena kuti nsanja ya ku America, ngakhale kuti ili ndi zida zankhondo, koma imatha kupyola mosavuta zigoba zoboola zida.

T-90 ili ndi zida zogwirira ntchito. Ndi njira zitatu zosanjikiza. Kuphatikizanso, mbali yeniyeni ya chida chodalira mbali ya nsanja ikukuthandizani kuti mugwiritse ntchito bwino. Ndiponso, matanki achiroma a Russia, makamaka T-90, ali ndi chitetezo cholimba cha mtundu wa "Contact-5". Zimateteza zotsatira za kuwonjezereka ndi zida zogwiritsira ntchito-subcaliber projectiles. Chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu yowonongeka, maziko amatha kuwonongeka, omwe amatsogolera kuwonongedwa ngakhale asanakumane ndi zida zankhondo.

Kodi ndi mfundo ziti zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito?

Ogwira ntchito otetezeka omwe ali otetezeka, adzachita bwino ntchito zawo. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zonse amayesetsa kusintha zida zankhondo. Kuyambira pamene Abrams ndi T-90 zinapangidwa pa nthawi ya Cold War, chidwi chachikulu chinkaperekedwa kumalo amodzi a galimoto yomenyana, yomwe ili kwenikweni pamtunda wa mphumi pamphumi. Koma pakalipano pali kuthekera kwakukulu kolimbana ndi thanki mumkhalidwe wa mzindawo. Chifukwa chake, n'chabechabe kugunda zida zankhondo mpaka 800 mm wakuda, chifukwa ndi zosavuta kuzimenya kumbuyo kapena kumbuyo. Kawirikawiri apo makulidwe a zankhondo si oposa 100 mm.

N'chifukwa chake matanthwe aakulu a Russia, komanso United States, ali ndi zofooka. Komabe, pakati pa ubwino wa T-90 ndiko kuthekera kwa chiwonongeko chotsogoleredwa motsogoleredwa ndi makombera patali pafupi makilomita asanu, kuyendetsa bwino, kutentha kwambiri, zida zodalirika. Koma "Abrams", ndiye kuti alibe zolimba. Anthu a ku America amayamikira antchito awo, motero nthaŵi zonse amachoka ku boti. Kuonjezerapo, M1A1 ndi M1A2 ali ndi mphamvu yeniyeni yeniyeni komanso njira yabwino yosinthira, komanso njira yabwino yolamulira moto. Koma kuyerekezera uku kwa akasinja a Russia ndi United States sikunathe. Tsopano tikambirana makina angapo amakono. Zitsambazi zikugwedezeka, koma zakhala zikudziwika kale kuti zidzatulutsidwa kuchokera ku conveyor posachedwa.

Matanki atsopano a Russia: "Armata"

Makina olimbana ndi nkhondo "Armata" adapangidwa kuti atenge T-72, T-80, komanso pang'ono T-90. Akatswiri amanena kuti chida cha asilikali "Armata" chidzakhala choposa 20-30% kusiyana ndi zonse zofanana padziko lapansi. Zinthu zofunika kwambiri, kapena kani, kusiyana kwa thanki iyi kuchokera ku T-90, ndi kuti antchito, tank mafuta ndi zipangizo zolimbana zidzatumizidwa muzipinda zosiyana. Izi zidzakulitsa kupulumuka ku nkhondo, ngakhale kulowetsa zida. Chipangizocho chidzakhala ndi injini 1200 ya mahatchi, yomwe imapereka mphamvu zokwanira zokwanira matani 50.

Zitha kunenedwa kuti chida chachikulu cha Russia ndi akasinja, komanso mfuti. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti iwo ali oposa Amereka, ndi 20-35%. Komabe, kupulumuka kwa teknoloji lonse ndi kochepa. Ndicho chifukwa chake opanga mapepalawa adasamalira kwambiri za chitetezo cha "Armata". Awa ndi "keke" yowonjezera yambiri, yopangidwa ndi zitsulo, ceramic ndi matumba osiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsira ntchito kalasi yatsopano yazitsulo kunaloledwa kuwonjezera zida zankhondo ndi 15% ndipo panthawi imodzimodzi kuti kuchepetsa kulemera kwa galimoto ndi kuchuluka komweko. "Armata" idzakhala ndi mfuti ya 125-mm, yofanana ndi chida cha German L-55, koma chapamwamba kuposa chikhalidwe chake ndi 20%. Nkhondo yapadera zomwe zawonjezeka kulowa mkati zapangidwira mfuti.

Choncho tinayang'ana mabanki atsopano a ku Russia. "Armata" ndi T-90 ndizo zabwino kwambiri. Ndipo tsopano-pafupi ndi chitukuko chachikulu cha US cholonjeza.

Mabanki amasiku ano a USA: zochitika zochitika

Pakali pano, Achimereka sapanga matanki atsopano. Kwa mbali zambiri, akugwira ntchito masiku ano a M1A1 ndi M1A2. Zoonadi, zikuchitika zikuchitika m'madera ena, koma zikutheka kuti m'zaka zingapo zotsatira dziko lapansi lidzawona matanki atsopano a US, ngakhale kuti chidziwitso chiri chinsinsi ndipo chinachake sichingafotokozedwe molimba pa mutu uwu. Mwinamwake, magalimoto atsopano adzawonekera kale kumapeto kwa 2015, ponena za anthu ochepa okha omwe amadziwa chilichonse.

Koma zakhala zikudziwika kale kuti chitukukochi chidzachitidwa kuti zitheke bwino ndikuyendetsa magalimoto omenyana, motero, akasinja amakono a US adzakhala ndi zida zowonjezera zowonjezera, zowonongeka ndi mphamvu zamagetsi. M'malo mwake, tikukamba za kuvomerezedwa, osati za matanki omwe amayenera kugwedeza mutu. Makamaka, kuyendetsa galimoto kwa anthu awiri kapena atatu okhala ndi nsanja yosakhalamo ikupitirira. Mwachitsanzo, galimoto yolimbana ndi anthu awiri (2) idzakhala ndi injini ya 1500, yomwe ili pansi. Pachifukwa ichi, kulemera kwake, poyerekeza ndi M1A1, kudzakhala kochepa ndi 20-30%, zomwe zidzawonjezera mphamvu yeniyeni.

Ziri zovuta kunena ngati matanki otere adzakhala mu arsenal ya US, koma chitukuko chawo chikuchitika, koma chidziwitso cha zida zamakono ndi mphamvu za makina pa nkhondo sizinaululidwe. Kawirikawiri, Achimereka ali ndi M1A2 ndi kusintha kwake. Matanki awa amakwaniritsa zofunikira zamakono ndipo amakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri, kuphatikizapo kupulumuka, pankhondo. Pachifukwa ichi, iwo sangawasinthebe. Zamakono kwambiri ndi zangwiro ndi matanki a usilikali a US a TUSK. Uku ndiko kusinthidwa kwa M1A2, yomwe ilipo pamaso pa mfuti yamakina yotalikirana ndi kutetezedwa kwanga kwa pansi pa makina.

Kutsiliza

Kotero ife tinkafanizira pang'ono za matanki a Russia ndi United States. Monga mukuonera, mayiko onsewa ali ndi mphamvu zankhondo. Pakati pa T-90 ndi Abrams, makani a kampani (10x10) adayimilira, zomwe zasonyeza kuti T-90 ndiyothandiza kwambiri m'madera otentha. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, malo otentha amapatsa mwayi, ngakhale ang'onoang'ono, ku njira ya America. Izi zikuchitika chifukwa chakuti m'mikhalidwe yotereyi ndi zovuta kuwotcha pamtunda wautali, makamaka mitsinje yotsogozedwa.

Vuto lalikulu la T-90 ndilokuti zonse zowonjezereka ndi zochitika ziri mwa machitidwe apadera, komanso zitsanzo. Palibe njira zowonongeka zomwe zimatengedwa kuti zipangitse zizindikiro zoteteza, zamphamvu, ndi moto. Kuwonjezera apo, vuto la maphunziro osakwanira a gulu la sitima ndi lovuta, lomwe, pakugunda koopsa, liyenera kuyankha mofulumira komanso molondola. Izi zimafuna zinachitikira. Abrams onse ndi T-90 ndi ena mwa mitundu yabwino kwambiri. Taganizirani za thanki "Armada" monga wokondedwa weniweni, komanso zochitika za ku America, sizili zomveka. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti tangiyo imawunika pa mayesero pa malo oyesera, osati mu hangar. Zingamveke kuti ndizofunikira, ndipo panthawi yomwe ilipo, zolakwa zazikulu zidzawululidwa. Pano, ndizinthu zonse zomwe zingakhoze kufotokozedwa mwachidule za akasinja mu arsenal ya US ndi Russia. Iwo ali pafupi kufanana kokha kupatula kusiyana pang'ono.