Kuuluka: ogwiritsa njira. Fashion kapangidwe unsembe

Unsembe ndi ntchito mabuku pa unsembe, msonkhano ndi nyumba, Intaneti zomangamanga kapena munthu zigawo zikuluzikulu zace. Zinali kwa iye pa 50% zimadalira kudalirika ndi durability nyumba anakhazikitsa. Choncho, pamene ntchito akatswiri akudziwa kufunika kuchita khalidwe unsembe. Ogwiritsa njira zambiri zimasiyana malinga zinthu zofunika anasonkhana pa nthawiyo. Ndipotu lililonse lomwe akutsatiridwa unsembe ntchito, pali mitundu ingapo ya msonkhano. Mwachitsanzo, njira yoika kumanga nyumba, malingana ndi ntchito, pali mitundu inayi, ndipo imvera mfundo zina.

Kumanga yomanga. njira yoika

Constructional yofunika mu moyo wautali maseŵero bwino anaphedwa unsembe. Ogwiritsa njira Pankhaniyi anawagawa angapo - izo zimatengera mtundu ndi cholinga cha chinthu. Iwo onse amafuna osiyana kukhazikitsa njira ntchito ndi akatswiri osiyanasiyana. Njira unsembe wa zomangamanga ndi:

1) elementwise. Kudziko lina, zochotsa limagwirira liukitsidwa ndi kabudula mmodzi yekha zikuluzikulu za chinthu. Izi kukhazikitsidwa khoma ochuluka ntchito okonza onse boma.

2) ikuluikulu yolimba. Kudziko lina, zochotsa limagwirira zikutipatsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana khoma ndi kugwira unsembe zina. Njira ogwiritsa ikuluikulu yolimba Kawirikawiri ntchito yomanga nyumba ndi maofesi mafakitale.

3) Kulekanitsidwa. Unsembe ikuchitika pamaziko a kamangidwe chomwecho - ndi mtundu woyamba, ndiye wina, etc.

4) ovuta. Maselo Pankhaniyi zimapanga unit zofunika, limene unsembe. Ogwiritsa njira mogwirizana ndi mfundo zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti choyamba kwathunthu anaika selo limodzi lokha, ndiye lotsatira.

5) kotenga ndi yopingasa. Ntchito akutsatiridwa malangizo ndi limodzi kapena kudutsa dongosolo malinga pa kapangidwe ndi magwiridwe wa chinthu.

Walling ntchito yomanga nyumba ndi nyumba

Ambiri ndipo kawirikawiri anachita unsembe wa makoma pomanga zinthu yomanga njira mphamvu. Kapangidwe chapamwamba wokwera pa ayikidwako pansi pansi. zinthu zonse likunena kuwonjezeka pa malo lonse la nyumbayo. Mu njira imeneyi ogwiritsa ntchito padera kapena losanganikirana.

njira tichipeza kulera unsembe makoma kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Pansi ulemu kapena membala structural ali ananamizira successively m'munsi. Choyamba, yothetsa mbewu zonse za nyumbayo, ndiyeno pakhoma.

Njira kutsetsereka, kasinthasintha ndi ofukula Nyamulani msonkhano zochokera likulu yaikulu ya dziko lapansi, kenako zina kusuntha kwa malo okhazikika.

Engineering Intaneti. cabling

chingwe msonkhano pa njira zake atagona amasankhidwa malingana zifukwa zambiri. Ndi monga malo, mphamvu, chiwerengero cha mawaya, kuipitsidwa, madzi pansi, magetsi, mowa mphamvu.

Ngati ife kulankhula za chingwe, amene adzaikidwa kunja kwa nyumbayo, kapena pansi nyumba kapena nyumba zolinga zosiyanasiyana, kuika njira akhale motere: ngalande, njira, mumphangayo, kutchinga zomera ndi trestle. Zochita njira ya msonkhano chingwe analandira losanganikirana.

Ngati gasket wapangidwa za mawaya mu malo mafakitale kapena zogona, ndondomeko chimadaliranso katundu wopangidwa ndi makoma, kudenga ndi simenti. The njira yaikulu ya atagona pa chingwe mu Stroebe, mu gofrorukav kapena makoma matabwa.

Trenchless kuika Intaneti zofunikira

Ambiri zofunikira amakwiriridwa mobisa m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, gawo kukonzekera pafupifupi nthawi zonse anachita trenching. Iyi ndi nthawi yambiri ndipo liwonongeke. Ndiyamika zinthu zatsopano sayansi, latsopano trenchless unsembe. Njira unsembe ntchito njira imeneyi kulola kugwiritsa ntchito mlingo wa antchito ndi kuchepetsa nthawi chitukuko Intaneti zomangamanga. Izi otchedwa yopingasa pobowola njira. Kugwira ntchito umenewu umafuna wapadera kubowola nsanja woyendetsa, kutsatira ndi kukonza malangizo a ntchito yake.

Unsembe wa nyumba zitsulo

Nthawi zambiri pa ntchito yomanga monga yomanga nyumba ndi kuika a zofunikira, nyumba zitsulo ntchito. Nthawi zambiri iwo ndi atsogoleri ntchito zina pa msonkhano wa zinthu za chinthu. Choncho, nyumba ya zitsulo ogwiritsa njira ayenera anasankha kutenga nkhani ya makhalidwe ndi cholinga cha zinthu anasonkhana. Mungachite izi ndi zotheka:

1) welded;

2) nangula;

3) concreting;

4) bawuti ya;

5) pamodzi.

Ndani wa iwo adzaposa ntchito chinthu Kwenikweni, kupangika pa siteji kamangidwe.

Lingaliro la sayansi unsembe ntchito

Palibe anamangidwira chinthu sangathe kuchitidwa popanda angagwiritse qualitatively ndi kugwilizana. unsembe luso ndi kukanirira ake kupereka osati kuti ntchito nthawi yaitali ina, komanso mutsimikizira pakalibe ukwati kukonza. Technology chiri motere:

• Kupanga ntchito.
• Kukonzekera unsembe. Pamafunikanso kutsimikizira kugwilizana ndi polojekiti, khalidwe la mankhwala chifukwa cha unsembe wa zolemba.
• Kuphatikiza pa mfundo. Izi ntchitoyi anachita, ngati ntchito iliyonse. mankhwala ati pang'ono kuchita zinthu zina.
• Ntchito yomanga katawala ndi katawala kwa oyendetsa unsembe.
• Ngalawa ndi kupereka dongosolo pa malo a ntchito.
• unsembe osakhalitsa, kufufuza machesi zinthu ntchito, kuzomangira pakamwa zomangamanga.
• Kubweretsa dongosolo ku ntchito malo.
• The chikukonzekera chomaliza cha chinthu pamalo operekedwawo.

Malangizo ntchito msonkhano

Kaya mankhwala kapena ntchito pulani iliyonse wofunikila unsembe, pali unsembe malangizo. Pakuti aliyense chinthu, anayamba malo awo ndi njira kuti kuphatikiza alendo ndi zida zamakono ndi chitukuko cha zida ntchito. Bukhuli lili:

• Chiyambi. General ikulongosola za chinthu, amene ayenera kuikidwa.
• General unsembe malangizo. Likufotokoza njira ambiri a ntchito, popanda kutenga nkhani maonekedwe a chinthu.
• Kodi zofunika kuti agwire ntchito kukonzekera.
• Onani kuti unsembe ndi docking. Malangizo pa peculiarities ntchito ndi kugwirizana ndi zinthu zina.
• Kutumidwa ndi docking komaliza.
• Kusintha ndi chotsimikizira.
• Kutumiza chinthu wokwera kapena nkhani.

Safety pa ntchito yoika

Pamene akuchita ofanana unsembe ntchito sikuti ayenera kutsatira chitetezo. Analetsa kuvomera anthu osakwana zaka 18 kugwiritsa iwo. Mwa ogwira ntchito ziyenera kuperekedwa maphunziro chitetezo. Pa malo osungira moyenera zipangizo ndi zigawo zikuluzikulu, kuchinga ndi zizindikiro m'madera woopsawo ayenera anaonetsetsa. ogwira ntchito onse akuchita unsembe pa kutalika ayenera kupatsidwa zipewa ndi malamba chitetezo.

Pamaso kunyamula chinthu unsembe onani kudalirika kwa mindandanda yamasewera onse. Musachokachoka chinthu pa antchito, amene panopa akuchita unsembe. kumanga akhoza aperekedwe ku malo unsembe yekha kunja kwa nyumbayi. Pambuyo yobereka dongosolo koyamba mongoyembekezera atathana kenako yamasulidwa zida zochotsa.

Pamene akuika ndi khazikitsa nyumba zosiyanasiyana zofunika kusunga luso ogwiritsa. Pamene bwino anasankha njira (pa siteji ya kapangidwe), ndipo amalamulira kugwilizana unsembe chinthu adzakhala ndi ntchito yapamwamba.