Kuthandiza wophunzira: mwachidule ndi kusanthula "Matryona" A. I. Solzhenitsyna

Zilandiridwenso Soviet Russian wolemba A. I. Solzhenitsyna amatanthauza masamba chidwi kwambiri ndi kwambiri mabuku athu. Mtengo waukulu kuti owerenga ndi wolemba ali sakakamiza anthu kuti aganizire anga m'mbuyomu, za masamba mdima wambiri ya mbiriyakale, anati choonadi nkhanza za ambiri malamulo oipa mtima wa Soviet Union ndi poyera mizu ya impoverishment wauzimu kenako - pambuyo Perestroyka - mibadwo. Nkhani "Matryona" pankhaniyi, ambiri kuwulula.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi autobiographical amajambulapo maluwa okongola

Choncho, mbiri ya chilengedwe ndi kusanthula. "Matryona" amatanthauza nkhani, ngakhale kukula kwake ndi apamwamba kuposa chimango mwambo wa anati polemba chinenero mabuku. Linalembedwa mu 1959 ndipo lofalitsidwa - zikomo kuyesetsa ndi khama la Tvardovsky, mkonzi wa kupata pa nthawi ya magazini zolembalemba "New World" - mu 1963, zaka zinai za ziyembekezo - kakafupi wa nthawi wolemba amene anakhala m'misasa ndi manyazi a "mdani anthu "ndi manyazi pambuyo buku la" tsiku lina Ivana Denisovicha. "

Tipitiriza kuwunika. "Matryona" otsutsa mwapang'onopang'ono kuganizira kwambiri ndi zofunika kwambiri ntchito kuposa "Tsiku lina ...". Ngati nkhani za tsogolo la mkaidi Shukhov wowerenga analanda zachilendo zakuthupi, kulimba mtima kusankha mutu ndi ulaliki wake, mphamvu accusatory, nkhani ya Matryona Ndimagoma chinenero chodabwitsa, katswiri pa mawu amoyo Russian ndi apamwamba mlandu abwino, chinthu chauzimu, amene anadzazidwa ndi tsamba mankhwala. Solzhenitsyn anakonza dzina nkhani imeneyi motere: "Iwo sali wokwanira m'mudzi popanda munthu wolungama" ndi mutu waukulu ndi lingaliro anali poyamba ananena. Koma kufufuza sangathe anaphonya kotero ozunguza kwa Soviet kulibe Mulungu dzina mfundo pakuti mawu awa wolemba ali anaikapo kumapeto kwa ntchito yake, lotchedwa, dzina la heroine lapansi. Komabe, nkhani ya monga anapambana permutation.

Kodi wina Nkofunika kudziwa, kupitiriza kuwunika? "Matryona" amatanthauza mabuku otchedwa kumidzi, molondola poona kufunika kwake kwambiri kuti azimuth izi mu Russian wapakamwa luso. Kukhulupirika ndi zosangalatsa zoti Yesu mwini, molimba malo abwino ndi unakula mwachikondi, kulephera kuchita zosayenera, monga censors adamfunsa ndi zinthu wachititsa zina kupondereza nkhaniyo, pa dzanja limodzi, ndi yonyezimira, omveka chitsanzo cha olemba - chi Solzhenitsyn ena. malo wolemba sanathe kotheratu ikukhudzana bwanji ndi phunziro lathu la ntchito. Ndipo osati zoipa, Atafotokoza za Matryona wolungama, wokalamba wamba mkazi ku hamlet Talnovo tikukhala mu kwambiri kuti palibe "zamkati ', poyambirira Russian akumidzi.

Ndi zinachitika wa heroine ndi Solzhenitsyn anadziwa payekha. Ndipotu, amanena zokhudza iye - asilikali yemwe anali zaka khumi m'misasa ndi ukapolo kwambiri ndatopa mavuto ndi kupanda chilungamo moyo ndipo moyo ndi ludzu ku mpumulo mu bata ndi nemudronoy chete zigawo. Ndipo Matrona Vasilevna Grigoreva - izo Matrona Zakharova Miltsevo m'mudzimo, mu nyumba imene mpirawo dzina lake Aleksandr Isaevich njingayo. moyo A Matrona wa nkhaniyi - tsogolo la ochepa zaluso zowombetsa mkota weniweni mkazi yosavuta Russian.

Mutu ndi lingaliro ntchito

Amene kuwerenga nkhaniyi, kuti si kusokoneza ndi kusanthula. "Matryona" - mtundu wa fanizo la bessrebrenitse, mkazi chigulu cha kukoma mtima ndi nezloblivosti. moyo wake wonse - kutumikira anthu. Iye ankagwira ntchito pa famu ya "Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu, timitengo", anataya umoyo, koma sanalandire ndalama za penshoni,. ulendo mu mzinda, kuti amayesetsa iye, ndipo sindimakonda kudandaula, Lira mofuula, m'pamenenso ankafuna chinachake. Koma pamene wapampando wa kolkhoz ayenera kuti azipita ku ntchito pa kukolola kapena Kupalira, ziribe kanthu momwe zoipa kapena kumva okha Matrona, ndipo anali akali, kunandithandiza chifukwa wamba. Ndipo ngati oyandikana anapempha dzanja kukumba mbatata - khalidwe labwino. Ine konse kulipira ntchito, anakondwera ndi mtima wonse mlendo wolemera yokolola ndi sichidukidwa, pamene mbatata ake anali abwino, ngakhale kumbuyo.

"Matryona" - nkhani zochokera kuzipenya woyambitsa wa kwachinsinsi moyo Russian. Ndi ichi moyo wa heroine lapansi. Kunja, homely moyo kwambiri bwino, pafupifupi nische, ndi modabwitsa olemera ndi wokongola mumtima dziko, ŵakusanga wake. Ine sindinayambe kuthamangitsa chuma, ndi zabwino zonse izo - mbuzi, imvi olumala mphaka, zomera mphira mu chipinda chapamwamba koma mphemvu. Osati ana awo, iye anawuka ndi kusamalidwa Cyrus - mwana wa wakale bwenzi. Iye aipatsa gawo la kanyumba, ndipo pa zoyendera kuthandiza akufa pansi pa magudumu a m'sitima.

Analysis wa mankhwala "Matryona" amathandiza awulule citsanzo chidwi. Pa moyo wa anthu monga Matryona Vasil chifukwa mu achibale ozungulira ndi adzadabwitsa, mkwiyo, kutsutsika. Alongo awo heroine, "ndirinkulirabe" izo, maliro kuti palibe amene zotsala za pambuyo zinthu kapena chuma ena, ndipo dikirani kenako kanthu. Koma imfa yake zimawoneka chimatha m'mudzi ena lawi, ngakhale mdima, duller, sadder anali. Ndipotu, anali kuti olungama Matrona, chimene chikutsimikizira dziko, ndipo popanda omwe si ofunika mudzi kapena mudzi, kapena Earth yokha.

Inde, Matrona - wofooka akale mkazi. Koma zimene zidzachitika kwa ife ngati kuno alonda lotsiriza la umunthu, ubwenzi, chikondi ndi kukoma mtima wapita? Ndicho za izo ndipo anatiuza kuti aganizire wolemba ...