Kutalika kwa sabata yogwira ntchito ku Russia ndi dziko lapansi

Zimatengera nthawi yayitali bwanji kukwaniritsa zonse? Kutalika kwa sabata yothandizira kumakhazikitsidwa mogwirizana ndi Code Labour and depends on factors. Iyi ndiyo nthawi ya wogwira ntchito, mkhalidwe wa thanzi lake, komanso ntchito yomwe iyenera kuchitika. Winawake ali ndi mwayi wochita ntchito zawo maola 11 pa tsiku, ndipo maola asanu ndi limodzi amatha kukhala otopa. Kodi sabata yeniyeni yogwira ntchito ndi yotani? Tiyeni tiyesere kumvetsa.

Zakale za mbiriyakale

Ngakhale kusanachitike ku Russia, nthawi yogwira ntchito sinkalamulidwa ndi lamulo. Kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900, nthawi ya kusintha kwa maola 14 inkawoneka ngati yachilendo. Ndipo anthu ankagwira ntchito chifukwa panalibe njira ina yotulukira. Zinali zofunika kudyetsa banja. Oimira okhawo omwe adagonjetsedwa ndi iwo okha adadzilola okha kuti asangalale. Potsutsidwa ndi kayendetsedwe ka ntchito mu 1897, tsiku logwira ntchito linachepetsedwa maola 11. Loweruka ndi Lamlungu, antchito a mafakitale anali ndi ufulu wogwira ntchito maola khumi. Azimayi ndi ana amagwira ntchito maola oposa asanu pa tsiku. Kusiya antchito wamba sankatha kukwanitsa. Koma ntchito yowonjezera yambiri inalandiridwa. Aliyense ankafuna kuthera nthawi yochulukirapo pamunda kuti adzalandire mphoto. Izi zanyalanyaza zonse zogwirizana ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito.

Pambuyo pa Revolution ya Oktoba mu 1917, nthawi yayitali ya sabata yowonjezera inakhazikitsidwa maola 48. Pa nthawi yomweyi, antchito sakanatha kulira maola oposa asanu pamtunda. Inaperekedwa kwa tsiku limodzi kuchoka ndi kulipira. Kutalika kwake kunadalira kuvuta kwa ntchitoyo.

Mu 1928 makampaniwo anasintha kwa sabata la ntchito zisanu. Pa nthawi yomweyi, antchito anali pa malonda 7 maola pa tsiku. Komabe, zinthu zatsopanozi sizinakhalitse. Mu 1939, nkhondo yachiwiri yapadziko lonse inayamba. Malinga ndi zovuta zochitika mu 1940, ndinayambiranso kugwira ntchito maola 8. Kutalika kwa sabata yowonjezera ku Russia kunakhazikitsidwa maola 56. Ogwira ntchito ocheperapo ndi ochepa chabe omwe angakwanitse kukhala pamunda. Ankagwira ntchito maola 6 pa tsiku, masiku asanu ndi awiri pa sabata.

Kodi nthawi ya sabata yotsiriza lero ndi yotani?

Malingana ndi lamulo la tsopano la ntchito, wogwira ntchito sangathe kupitirira maola 40 pa sabata kuntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyo, pamafunika maola 8 pa tsiku kuti agwire ntchito. Mgwirizano ndi sabata la ntchito zisanu ndi masiku awiri. Olemba ena angakhale ndi ntchito ya masiku 6. Komabe, pakadali pano, antchito amalandira zina zothandiza. Mungapitirize kuchoka kulipira.

Lingaliro la nthawi yogwira ntchito likulamulidwa ndi Gawo 91 la Code Labwino la Russian Federation. Ngati abwana akuphwanya ufulu wa wogwira ntchitoyo, adzalangidwa mwaluso. Kutalika kwa sabata locheperachepera kumayikidwa kwa anthu omwe amachitira ntchito zopweteka. Mwachitsanzo, anthu omwe amagwira ntchito ndi ma radiation kapena mankhwala, amayenera kugwiritsira ntchito malonda okha maola 6 pa tsiku. Nthaŵi ya ntchito imachepetsedwanso kwa magulu ena azachipatala ndi aphunzitsi ndi aphunzitsi.

Sabata yowonjezera ikhoza kukhazikitsidwa pokhapokha pempho la wantchito mwiniwakeyo. Zithunzi zonse zimakambirana musanayambe kulemba mgwirizano wa ntchito. Ngati wogwira ntchitoyo akugwirizana ndi tsiku lalitali logwira ntchito, izi zilemba. Choncho, zonena sizingaperekedwe kwa abwana.

Wotsirizirayo ali ndi ufulu wosunga nthawi yomwe amagwira ntchito ndi aliyense wogwira ntchito. Pachifukwa ichi, pafupifupi bizinesi iliyonse ili ndi checkpoint. Pano pali buku lomwe limalemba pamene munthu abwera kuntchito ndipo atachoka. Pa zomera ndi mabungwe ena ndondomekoyi ndi yodziwika bwino. Kulamulira kumachitika mothandizidwa ndi makadi apadera ogwiritsira ntchito, ndipo deta imabwera molunjika kwa makompyuta a abwana.

Ntchito ya masiku anayi

Akatswiri ena amakhulupirira kuti sabata yeniyeni yogwira ntchito sayenera kupitirira masiku 4. Izi zidzathetsa mavuto angapo nthawi yomweyo. Choyamba, padzakhala ntchito zambiri. Mu mafakitale ambiri, kupanga kumapitirira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti anthu ambiri akhoza kuyamba ntchito. Kuonjezerapo, kuchepetsa tsiku logwira ntchito kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwa antchito okha. Kwa masiku atatu, iwo adzatha kubwezeretsa mphamvu zawo ndikuyamba kukwaniritsa ntchito zawo. Kubwezeretsa kwa ogwira ntchito kudzachepetsa kwambiri, chiwerengero cha zolakwika pakupanga chidzachepa. Ogwira ntchito onsewa adzagwira ntchito yawo moyenera.

Nthawi ya sabata yothandizira pa koloko ikhoza kukhala yofanana. Maola 40 pa sabata akhoza kugwira ntchito komanso masiku 4. Antchito ambiri amagwirizana ndi izi. Iwo ali okonzeka kugwira ntchito tsiku lililonse kwa maola awiri kuti apeze masiku ambiri.

Kodi Russia ikukonzekera kusuntha sabata la masiku anayi lero? Malinga ndi kafukufuku, anthu 50% okha amavomerezana pazinthu zamakono. Ambiri masiku ano amagwira ntchito popanda masiku, kuti alandire mphoto yaikulu pa ntchito yawo. Ngati mumangogwiritsa ntchito masiku 4 okha popanga, antchito ayamba kufunafuna zowonjezera zopezera ndalama. Kuonjezerapo, ngati maola ogwira ntchito pa sabata amachepetsedwa, mtengo wa malonda opangidwa udzawonjezeka kwambiri. Russia silingathe kufanana ndi mayiko a ku Ulaya amene apita patsogolo patsogolo.

Kodi nthawi ya sabata yogwira ntchito m'mayiko ena ndi yotani?

M'mayiko ambiri otukuka, monga mu Russian Federation, sabata yowonjezera imakhala kuyambira Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu. Loweruka ndi Lamlungu aliyense ali ndi mwayi wopeza nthawi ndi abwenzi ndi achibale ake. Koma m'madera ena masiku ena amachoka. Kotero, mwachitsanzo, mu Israeli, tsiku loyamba kugwira ntchito ndi Lamlungu. Koma antchito amatsiriza ntchito yawo Lachisanu madzulo. Mlingo woyenera sabata ndi maora 43. Pa fakitale kapena ku ofesi, anthu amathera maola 8 pa tsiku.

M'mayiko ambiri achi Islam, tsiku loyamba ndi Lachisanu. Ambiri mwa anthu amagwira ntchito kuyambira Loweruka mpaka Lachitatu. Nthawi zina, Lachinayi amaonanso kugwira ntchito. Pa nthawi yomweyi, sabata yowonjezera yowonjezera ndi maola 40.

Anthu ogwira ntchito mwakhama amaonedwa kuti ndi Chitchaina. Antchito amagwira ntchito maola 10 tsiku lililonse. Pachifukwa ichi, Lamlungu lokha limayesedwa tsiku lotsatira, holide siidutsa masiku khumi, ndipo mphindi 20 zokha zimapatsidwa chakudya chamasana. N'zosadabwitsa kuti zambiri za zomwe zasayansi ndi teknoloji zapindula ndizofunikira kwa Chitchaina. Komanso, a ku Japan nayenso anachoka pafupi. Ogwira ntchito pano ayenera kukhala maola 50 pa sabata kuntchito. Ku Japan, chochitika cha masiku asanu ndi chimodzi chikulandiranso.

Sabata lalifupi kwambiri pantchito ku Netherlands. Antchito a maofesi, mafakitale ndi mafakitale amagwira ntchito maola 6. Panthawi imodzimodziyo amapuma masiku awiri pa sabata ndipo ali ndi ufulu wopuma , yomwe nthawi yake ndi masiku a kalendala 30.

Kodi njira zina ndi ziti?

Posachedwapa, mmodzi mwa anthu olemera kwambiri padziko lapansi, Carlos Slim, adafuna kuchepetsa sabata yowonjezera masiku atatu. Malingaliro ake, anthu amatha kugwira ntchito mochepa kuposa maola 40 ndipo amakhala ndi nthawi yochita zonse. Komabe, Carlos amakhulupirira kuti tsiku logwira ntchito liyenera kukhala maola 11, ndipo ndi bwino kupuma pantchito osati kale kuposa zaka 75. Ngati tikuganiza kuti nthawi zambiri moyo wa ku Russia ndi zaka 70, nzika zambiri sizikhala ndi penshoni.

Pali zambiri zomwe zimaganizira za sabata yogwira ntchito. Aliyense amene akufotokoza izi kapena maganizo awo, amabweretsa zifukwa zake. Ganizirani zomwe mungasankhe.

Maola 4

Ambiri adzanena kuti sabata yowonjezera silingathe kukhala maola 4. Izi sizingatheke kuntchito zambiri. Ovomerezeka pa sabata lalifupi ndi amene analemba Timoteo Ferris ambiri. Wolembayu akuti kale ankagwira ntchito maola 14 pa tsiku. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo analibe nthawi yambiri ndipo anali wosasangalala. Ngati munthu agwira ntchito pang'ono, mphamvu yake yogwira ntchito idzakhala yayikulu kwambiri. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti 80 peresenti ya ntchito yokonzedweratu imafuna 20 peresenti ya nthawi yomwe ilipo. Izi ndizowona zowona.

Ferris amakhulupirira kuti kukonza ndi kofunika kwambiri. Ntchito zovuta kwambiri ziyenera kuthetsedwa koyambirira, ndipo zina zapadera zingaperekedwe kwa othandizira. Kuchokera pazifukwazi, tingathe kumaliza kuti sabata la ola limodzi limatha kukwaniritsa anthu omwe ali ndi bizinesi yawo ndipo achita zambiri. Kwa antchito wamba maola 4 pa sabata adzakhala ochepa kwambiri.

Maola 21

Kuchepetsa ntchitoyi mu theka kudzathetsa mavuto angapo nthawi yomweyo. Choyamba, kuchepa kwa ntchito kudzachepa kwambiri. Izi zikutanthauza kuti malo amodzi adzagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo. Kuwonjezera apo, anthu akhoza kupuma zambiri, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ndi bwino kubwezeretsa mphamvu. Izi zidzakhudza ubwino wa ntchito. Ambiri lero amagwira ntchito, ndipo samagwira ntchito pamoyo wawo. Ili ndi njira yolakwika. Kuchepetsa maola ogwira ntchito kudzathandiza kuthetsa vuto la antchito, komanso kudzakhudza chitukuko cha chuma.

Kutalika kwa sabata yochepa yogwira ntchito sikungapitirire maola 21. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito nthawiyi, bwana aliyense amasankha okha. Choyenera, ntchito yamasiku atatu ikuwerengedwera. Ogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala pa fakitale kapena ku ofesi kwa maola 7. Kwa masiku anayi kudzatheka kuthera bwino komanso ndi mphamvu zatsopano kuyambitsa ntchito za ntchito.

Lingaliroli akadali kutali ndi kuchita. Ambiri mwa malonda apakhomo lero sali okonzeka kusamukira ku sabata la masiku anayi ogwira ntchito. Musalole kuti izi zitheke pazochitika zachuma. Ndipotu, tsiku lomaliza la maola 7 liyenera kukhazikitsidwa ndi kusunga malipiro ochepa omwe akhazikitsidwa ndilamulo. Olemba ena akuchitapo kanthu. Pambuyo pake, kuchepetsa kupitirira kwa sabata, kugwira ntchito kwa antchito kumawongolera. Chifukwa cha izi, n'zotheka kupeza ndalama zambiri, ndipo, kotero, kuonjezera malipiro a ntchito.

Maola 30

Pakatikati pa Kupsinjika Kwakukulu mu 1930, chimanga cha chimanga John Harvey chinayesa pang'ono. Anaganiza zochepetsera maola ogwira ntchito pa sabata. Antchito a fakitale anayamba kugwira ntchito maola 6 m'malo movomerezedwa asanu ndi atatu. Chifukwa chake, bwanayo anatha kuwonjezera zokolola ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wa mankhwala ake. Ogwira ntchito anayamba kugwira ntchito tsiku lililonse kwa maola awiri, iwo anali ndi nthawi yochuluka. Mwamwayi adanena kuti maola awiri omaliza a kusintha kwa ntchito ndizovuta kwambiri. Pofupikitsa kutalika kwa nthawi imene anthu anakhala kumbuyo kwa makina, sanataya kalikonse. Ndipotu, sizinali zofunikira kuti tigwire antchito atsopano.

Mayesero oterewa akuchitidwa lero. Mwachitsanzo, ku Sweden, pa mafakitale a Gothenburg, antchitowa anagawa magulu awiri. Ena amagwira ntchito maola 8 pa tsiku, ena amagwira ntchito maola asanu ndi limodzi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, magulu onsewa ali ndi malipiro ofanana. Kutalika kwa sabata yothandizira maola kumakhudza mphamvu yogwira ntchito. Gulu la antchito omwe amagwira ntchito mochepa limasonyeza zotsatira zabwino. Akatswiri amanena kuti kusintha kuntchito kuchepetsa kuchepetsa maola ogwira ntchito kungabweretse boma osati madola biliyoni imodzi.

Maola 32

Pali othandizira ambiri a ntchito ya masiku 4. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, akatswiri amatsimikiza kuti sabata yochuluka ya ntchito sayenera kukhala osachepera maola 32. Izi zikutanthauza kuti antchito amathera pa makina kapena ku ofesi nthawi zonse maola 8 pa tsiku. Panthawiyi, kudzatha kuthetsa chiwerengero cha ntchito. Padzakhala masiku atatu, omwe angathe kukhala ndi achibale ndi abwenzi. Masiku ano ku USA 36% ya makampani amagwira ntchito imeneyi. Lachisanu amalingaliridwa tsiku lomwelo monga Loweruka kapena Lamlungu.

Pali lingaliro lomwe n'zotheka kuonjezera zokolola za anthu poonjezera chiwerengero cha masiku. Nthawi yotsiriza ya sabata yothandizira ikhoza kukhala maola 33. Antchito amathera maola 11 pamalo awo a ntchito yaikulu. Koma kupuma sikudzakhala zaka 50 kapena 60, koma mu 70-75. Malinga ndi asayansi, ndondomeko imeneyi idzawathandiza anthu kuti azipumula ndi kusintha kwambiri moyo wawo.

Maganizo ena

Olemba ena amazindikira kuti ngakhale masiku awiri akuchoka kwambiri. Kupeza bwino ndi kotheka kwa iwo omwe amagwira ntchito mwakhama. Kafukufuku wambiri amasonyeza kuti pamapeto a sabata anthu amalankhulana mwachangu pamalo ochezera a pa Intaneti, kukambirana nkhani. Nthawi ino ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Lero sabata yowona ntchito ku Russia ikuwoneka kuti ndi maora 48. Lamlungu, ambiri amatha kubwezeretsa mphamvu zawo kuti ayambenso kugwira ntchito mwakhama kuti apindule ndi anthu.

Kuchokera kuchipatala, ntchito ya masiku 6, komabe, imakhudzira ogwira ntchito onsewo ndi ntchitoyo yonse. Odwala matendawa amakhala ndi matenda ambiri. Akamagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zina, amaika pangozi pangozi. Kafukufuku wapanga zomwe zatsimikiziranso kuti sabata yayitali ikugwira ntchito kwambiri. Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito maola oposa 50 ali ndi mawu ochepa kwambiri ndipo sangathe kufotokoza maganizo awo mwachizolowezi. Kodi sabata yeniyeni yogwira ntchito ndi yotani? Zikuwoneka kuti ndi bwino kuchita ntchito zake zazikulu kwa maola oposa 40.

Kodi ndizothandiza kugwira ntchito popanda masiku?

Masiku ano kulibe dziko lonse lapansi kulibe ntchito yamasiku 7. Komabe, nzika zambiri ku Russia zimakhalanso ndi nthawi yogwira ntchito popanda masiku, kukakhala m'malo angapo kamodzi. Kutalika kwa maola ogwira ntchito pa sabata kwawonjezeredwanso kwa iwo omwe adaganiza zoyamba bizinesi yawo. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi zonse muzidziwa zochitikazo, kuti muzitha kuwononga ndalama ndi ndalama zanu. Komabe, amuna ambiri amalonda samawononga maola 8 tsiku lililonse. Angathe kuchita bizinesi kunyumba.

Kugwira ntchito mwakhama tsiku ndi tsiku kumalola kusintha mu ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, masiku asanu pa sabata akhoza kudzipatulira kugwira ntchito muofesi, ndipo pamapeto a sabata kupeza phunziro kwa moyo, womwe umabweretsanso ndalama. Kufunika kwakukulu kuli ndi kupuma kwabwino. Ngati mumatha kukhazikika tulo usiku wonse ndikupuma kwa maola awiri masana, mutha kuwerengera sabata la ntchito ya masiku 7. Koma ngakhale mu mafashoni awa, palibe aliyense amene adzatha kugwira ntchito yaitali. Ntchito kuyambira Lolemba mpaka Lachisanu imapereka chikhomo cha ntchito zapakhomo. Kutalika kwa sabata yothandizira sikudutsa maola 40. Gwiritsani ntchito nthawi yayitali kapena ayi, aliyense amadzipangira yekha.

Kuonjezera zokolola zapakhomo, ndizotheka kwa olemba ntchito omwe anatha kuthetsa ntchito zoyenera za antchito ndi maphunziro ndi makampani. Matayala ogwira ntchito mofulumira kwambiri. Ngati wogwira ntchito akupeza bwino muofesi kapena fakitale, adzatha kuchita bwino kwambiri ntchito yake.