Kusanthula magazi: mitundu, decoding ndi zizindikiro

Magazi - ndi imodzi mwa njira ambiri pulayimale ndi nkhani matenda. Malinga ndi zotsatira zake, inu mukhoza kuweruza akuluakulu a boma, kupulumutsa, kutsimikiza kapena kutsutsa matenda, kudziwa pa siteji zimene ya matenda ndiponso kusintha mankhwala akuchipatala, kudziwa mlingo wa mahomoni kusintha kwinanso. Analysis magazi, mitundu amene amadziwika kuti madokotala onse, ikuchitikira osati okhawo amene ali odwala, komanso mwangwiro wathanzi anthu amene kukumana chizolowezi zachipatala cheke akuluakulu kamodzi pa chaka (mu kindergartens ndi masukulu, kuntchito, asilikali). Kotero, mwina, osati mu umunthu wa dziko lathu, zimene konse anapeza Chiwerengerochi chachinsinsi ndipo penapake mantha mu matebulo ndi zotsatira za kuwunika.

MAGAZI: Mitundu

Pali ambiri mayesero osiyana magazi:

• Pa mahomoni.
• Shuga.
• Mayeso kudziwa allergens.
• Immunoassay.
• Clotting.
• Pakuti zolembera chotupa.
• Kuti atsimikizire mimba ndi ena.

Kuyamba tikambirane ziwiri mwa ambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo mdima iwakhudzire wodwalayo:

• Amuzolengedwa.
• Matenda (adagawa / zinachitika).

sayansi

Musanayambe kuphunzira malamulo a kusanthula amuzolengedwa magazi akuluakulu, tebulo lomwe adzapatsidwa pansipa, ife adzamvetsa, chimene izo ziri.

Malangizo sayansi - ichi ndi pepala kuti GPS kupereka stacks tsiku. Anaikidwa kukonza wodwala aliyense kamodzi pachaka kuwayang'anira ukupeza pambuyo aliyense akudwala matenda zovuta, komanso munthu aliyense amene ali ku chipatala.

Magazi zitsanzo zosankhidwazi imagwiridwa okha ku mtsempha (kawirikawiri mu chigongono olowa, koma pangakhale Kusiyana kwa mpanda kwa mitsempha manja, mapazi, miyendo) ndi nthawi m'mawa, pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba. Pambuyo mayeso ndondomeko chubu imatumizidwa ndi zasayansi wapadera. Zotsatira kusanthula amakhala wokonzeka tsiku lotsatira.

Malamulo a kusanthula amuzolengedwa magazi akuluakulu: tebulo

chizindikiro	unit wa muyeso	M'munsi malire a yachibadwa	Malire chapamwamba yachibadwa
Shuga / shuga	mmol / l	3.3	5.5
urea	mmol / l	2.5	8.3
Magazi nonprotein asafe (yotsalira)	mmol / l	14,3	28,6
creatinine	micromole / lita	44	106
lipids wamba	g / L	4	8
mafuta	mmol / l	3.6	7,8
Low kachulukidwe lipoprotein, LDL / LDL mafuta	mmol / l	wamwamuna: 2,02 Women: 1,92	wamwamuna: 4,79 Women: 4,51
Mkulu osalimba lipoprotein, HDL / HDL mafuta	mmol / l	Amuna: 0,72 Women: 0,68	wamwamuna: 1,63 Women: 2,28
atherogenic chinthu		0	3
Triglycerides (mlingo kwambiri amadalira msinkhu ndi kugonana. The mfundo kwa zaka 35-40)	mmol / l	wamwamuna: 0,61 Women: 0,45	wamwamuna: 3,62 Women: 1,99
phospholipids	mmol / l	2,51	2,92
bilirubin	micromole / lita	8.5	20,55
mapuloteni	g / L	65	85
albumin	g / L	35	50
Ast (aspartate aminotransferase)	IU / l	10	38
Alt (alanine aminotransferase)	IU / l	7	41
Popanga madzi a gamma-glutamyl	mmol / l	amuna: 15 akazi: 10	Amuna: 106 akazi: 66
phosphatase zamchere	IU / l	20	140
kashiamu	mmol / l	2,15	2,50
potaziyamu	mmol / l	3.5	5.5
ndi sodium	mmol / l	136	145
chlorine	mmol / l	98	107
chitsulo	mmol / l	wamwamuna: 11,64 Women: 8,95	anthu; 30,43 akazi: 30,43

Polingalira za chuma mu zipatala chigawo wathu, madokotala nthawi zambiri osaganizira kuti n'kofunika kutumiza odwala ku kusanthula ochiritsira, ndiyeno chifanizo cha mitundu ina ya mayesero amuzolengedwa magazi pa malangizo amene adzakhala allocated yekha makhalidwe ena.

Mwachitsanzo, ngati wodwalayo anadandaula za mavuto chiwindi, iye ayenera kutenga magazi bilirubin (okwana), ndi mapuloteni okwana albumin, alanine aminotransferase, Popanga madzi a gamma-GTP, C-zotakasika mapuloteni, zamchere phosphatase.

Ngati dotolo akuganiza kuti wodwalayo ali ndi matenda a shuga, izo idzachitike kafukufuku makamaka amuzolengedwa mu shuga (shuga) pofuna kutsimikizira kapena kutsutsa kungoganizira.

Odwala onse osiyana ndi ozindikira dokotala, ngati pali zizindikiro mwachindunji kwa matendawa, sadzakhala amawononga ndalama zimene wodwalayo komanso kuchipatala chuma pachabe. Pakapita nthawi pang'ono pachaka amathera zonse ambiri kusanthula magazi, popanda umboni uliwonse si koyenera.

Complete magazi okwanira

Choncho nazyvaaetsya mitundu magazi amene zizichitidwa yekha pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba (ngakhale chala adzatenga magazi kapena mitsempha).

Today kuyeza ntchito mu phunziro ili ikuchitika basi pa analyzers wapadera hematology.

Magawo waukulu kusanthula matenda magazi:

• Hemoglobin - erythrocyte chigawo, limene limapereka kwa zimakhala ndi ziwalo oxygen. Kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa hemoglobin amachititsa minofu hypoxia. Ponseponse kwa akazi - 120-140 g / L, amuna - 135-160 magalamu / lita.
• Leukocytes (chiwerengero). Leukocytes - maselo magazi amene chachikulu ntchito - chitetezo antigens tating'onoting'ono, maselo chotupa. Chabwino: (4 - 9) * 10 ⁹ / l.
• Erythrocyte sedimentation mlingo - chizindikiro cha kudwala mu thupi. Mu akazi, ponseponse ndiye kuti 12 mamilimita / ora, amuna - mpaka 8 mamilimita / hr;
• Hematocrit - maselo ofiira a magazi. Ngati hematocrit ndi kuchuluka, n'zotheka amaganiza pamaso pa erythrocytosis kapena khansa. Ngati downgraded - magazi m'thupi, overhydration, mimba. Ponseponse kwa akazi - 0,360-0,460 L / l anthu 0,400-0,480 L / l;
• Erythrocytes (chiwerengero). Kuwonjezeka magazi maselo ofiira zingasonyeze magazi kuundana, zotupa, matenda a impso. A kuchepa - a kutaya magazi, magazi m'thupi, mimba, etc. The mlingo kwa amuna (4-5,15) X 10 ¹² L akazi -. (3.7-4.7) × 10 ¹² L.

Kodi wina angathe kuwonetsa atayezetsa

Kuti tiyankhe funso, kodi mayesero kwa magazi, ayenera kuzindikira zimene magazi chiyani ndikuchifuna.

Magazi - thupi nsalu, wopangidwa mwa madzi a m'magazi (madzimadzi) ndi maselo (leucocytes, erythrocytes ndi maselo othandiza magazi kuundana). Iwo amazungulira mwa mtsempha pansi pa contractions wa mtima ndi chakudya ziwalo zonse za thupi la munthu.

Magazi koyenera kuti munthu:

• Kusamutsa mpweya woipa zimakhala ku mapapo, ndi mpweya - kumbuyo.
• Kutumiza kwa maselo a zimakhala zakudya.
• Zonse kutentha thupi.
• Manga zinyalala ndi zinthu zoipa impso mosavuta kuwonongedwa wotsatira thupi.
• Ndi kutengerapo mahomoni kumumanga pamodzi machitidwe onse chiwalo;
• Kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha thupi.
• Kuonetsetsa kugwirizana mwa thupi.
• Onetsetsani ntchito ya matupi, kuwapatsa maganizo pa mtima.

Choncho, ife timvetsetsa kuti magazi chimayambitsa mavuto ambiri mu thupi: palibe kuyan'anila mu ntchito ya wina wa kachitidwe, aliyense chiwalo cha thupi la munthu. Ndikofunikira mu nthawi kutenga magazi, adokotala kusankha mitundu, ndi kuthetsa mwambi.

chithokomiro timadzi

Tsopano, pafupifupi nzika wachisanu wa dziko wathu wamkulu, mungapeze ena zolakwika ndi kulephera kupita mu chithokomiro England. Ngati dokotala anayendera akuganiza kusintha adzatumiza wodwalayo kwa ultrasound (US) Kupenda chithokomiro England, komanso magazi kuti TSH (chithokomiro-zolimbikitsa timadzi ndi nambala). Pambuyo malfunctions zonse za thupi patsogolo kwa osabereka, libido matenda, mavuto ndi ntchito maganizo, mofulumira komanso wolemera pa matenda alionse ndi kutupa mu thupi.

Zikuonetsa kuti apereke magazi kuchuluka kwa chithokomiro timadzi

Iwo ali motere:

• Wokhala m'dera ndi ayodini akusowa sakudziwika.
• Pambuyo pa opaleshoni iliyonse.
• Ngati muli ndi mavuto pathupi ndipo ananyamula mwana.
• Ngati mumamwa njira m'thupi la chitetezo mimba (kulamulira TTG kamodzi pachaka).

Pamene kuyan'anila kale kuzindikiridwa prostate, chifukwa kuyan'anila njira ya matenda ndi kusankha mankhwala.

Kuvutika mu kusanthula izi angathe kukambirana za mavuto monga:

• Hypothyroidism (otsika chithokomiro ntchito).
• Hyperthyroidism (kuchuluka ntchito ya prostate).

Nthawi kuzindikiridwa zolakwika pang'ono kuchokera ponseponse amenable malangizo abwino mankhwala, ndiponso akuluakulu komanso mochedwa kudziwika matenda kungafune chithandizo opaleshoni. Ngati bwanji mtima pamwamba yachibadwa chithokomiro-zolimbikitsa timadzi, ndi kuvomerezedwa anaika ultrasound ya chithokomiro England ndipo zikuoneka kuti moyo wonse timadzi m'malo mankhwala.

Norma zizindikiro za chithokomiro zolimbikitsa timadzi

Kulongosola bwino matenda ndi polojekiti kumene matenda mankhwala mwatsatanetsatane magazi chiyeso TSH, womwenso:

• Free T3 (ndi timadzi kuti ndi udindo kuwombola mpweya). Wakudziko - 2,6-5,7 pmol / L.
• Free T4 (timadzi udindo kagayidwe mapuloteni). Normal - 9-22 mmol / l.
• Chitetezo kwa mapuloteni thyroglobulin (kupewa autoimmune matenda dongosolo). Normal - magawo 18 / ml ya ..

Nkofunika pamaso kusonkhanitsa magazi TSH mahomoni kusiya chikuonetseratu mowa, kulera m'thupi ndi mankhwala ena okhala ndi mahomoni. M'pofunikanso kuti achepetse kuchita masewera olimbitsa thupi ndi kusiya tsiku la kumwa.

magazi clotting

Zimachitika kuti anakonza Kupenda mankhwala kapena pa nthawi kuwunika chovumbulutsidwa mwangozi kuwononga magazi osalimba. Ngati kuphwanya ndi anatulukira pa kusanthula amuzolengedwa, ndi dokotala adzakupatsani malangizo kwa kusanthula kupitirirabe coagulation magazi. Kodi inu mumawatcha iwo sayansi kumbukirani - koaugologramma.

Komanso ndi umboni kwa kusanthula ndi:

• Zizindikiro za magazi yaitali, kufinya, ngakhale ku makina aang'ono.
• Ntchito yotsatira.
• Matenda a zotengera mtima, chiwindi, magazi.
• Mimba.
• Adatchithisira chitetezo chokwanira.

Analysis wa coagulation kumaphatikizapo akonzedwa lalikulu zizindikiro:

chizindikiro	wakudziko
prothrombin index	masekondi 12-20.
APTT	masekondi 38-55.
plasma fibrinogen	2.0-3.5 g / L
thrombin nthawi	masekondi 11-17,8.
plasma recalcification	masekondi 60-120.
Kulekerera kwa heparin	3-11 Mph
Anabweza kwa magazi aumirira	kwa 44% kwa 65%

Ngati munthu aikidwa yosanthula magazi clotting, dzina sakhoza kumbukirani. Wodwala aliyense wolandira malo apadera komwe kudzapatsidwa nthawi, dzina la kafukufuku ndi zofunika koyenera kukhazikitsa, malingana ndi matenda ankafuna:

• Fingerstick zokolola mpanda mfundo capillary magazi clotting kuwunika.
• Mpanda wa mitsempha zakuthupi kutulutsa venous magazi ziyenera.

kusanthula izi, monga ena ambiri, muyenera pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba.

Analysis mahomoni wamkazi

Good mahomoni - mkhalidwe wofunika kwa chamoyo wabwinobwino wa chamoyo wonse. Zinali iye amene zimadalira akugona wabwinobwino, umoyo, luso ndi ntchito zamanja. Kuphunzira m'thupi maziko koyenera kuti akazi ndi zizindikiro zimenezi:

• Kusowa tulo.
• kunenepa kapena mavuto aakulu kulemera.
• Disruptions a kuzungulira kusamba.
• Irritability.

Pamene vutoli madzi a m'thupi mwa akazi osauka mawu a matenda a ziwalo zoberekera (kuphatikizapo fibroids, cysts, polycystic), disruptions kwa psyche, kunenepa / emaciation, chamankhwala kapena kuchotsa menses, munthu akakhala wosabereka, mwamuna kukula chitsanzo tsitsi pa thupi ndi zambiri.

Choncho, magazi kuti mahomoni wamkazi monga:

• Follicle-zolimbikitsa timadzi.
• Prolactin.
• Luteinizing timadzi.
• Estriol.
• Progesterone.
• Follicle-zolimbikitsa timadzi.
• DHEA-sulphate.

M'pofunikanso kukumbukira kuti mlingo wa mahomoni ambiri zimasiyanasiyana kwambiri, malingana siteji ya kuzungulira, kotero muyenera amatsatira malangizo a dokotala pamaso chopereka magazi. kusanthula aliyense pa mahomoni zonse kudali pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba, maola 1-2 pambuyo kudzutsidwa.

mahomoni kugonana Male

• Testosterone.
• Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate.

Analysis wa mahomoni chiwalo chachimuna awerenge amuna ndi akazi. Chinthu ndi Androgens ali ndi udindo kuyendetsa (libido) mu akazi ndi amuna. Mwachindunji, testosterone makhalidwe komanso pa sebaceous zopangitsa, minofu ndi ubongo.

Analysis chiwerengero cha androgen, amuna ndi akazi kukhala tsiku lililonse m'mawa pa chopanda kanthu m'mimba.