Kusaka mfuti kupanga Russian: ndemanga. kusaka Russian rifled carbines

Kodi carabiner? Izi mfuti opepuka, zida ndi mbiya adzafupikitsidwa. Nthawi zina amatchedwa ena opanga mfuti.

Mawu "mfuti" anaonekera chifukwa cha French akuti "ndi carabiner". The mankhwala kudziletsa lotchedwa anatulukira gunsmith Gaspar Tsolner.

ndi ngowe chiyani? Izi zikhoza kukhala wapadera mfuti ndi mfuti chitsanzo machitidwe amene oyenda zida: ali m'munsi thupi, kutalika ndi zina chipangizo. Ndi cholinga chida akhoza kumenyana, kusaka, utumiki (apolisi, mwatsatanetsatane ndi m. P.). Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito kudziteteza. Mwa njira, mu Russia ntchito rifled kuleza barreled zida adziteteze ndikoletsedwa.

Carbines, wokonzeka ndi mode basi moto, mu Russian otchedwa automata. Umenewu ndi mtundu wapadera wa manja yaing'ono.

Ndipo potsiriza otchedwa mfuti rifled, njira yomwe ali helical mfuti ya mbiya, amene chifukwa chipolopolo kusuntha, likuzungulira olamulira yake. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, anapereka mwa kudziyerekeza ndi mtendere osiyanasiyana ndege njira yodutsamo.

katswiri Russian

Ndipo tsopano mndandanda wa kusaka rifled carbines Russia:

• Carbines "Saiga" rifled kusaka.
• Carbines kusaka losatha.
• Mfuti kusaka.
• Carbines TOZ 122 kwa kusaka.
• Rifled mfuti (kusaka Boar m'tchire).
• Carabiner (kusaka nyama zikuluzikulu).
• Mfuti Remington (yamazinga nyama).
• "Sauer" mfuti.

Carbine "Amabereka" Kusaka

Ndipo tsopano tiyeni tiyang'ane pa Russian kusaka carbines "Amabereka". Ndi chida chachikulu! Kudzaupanga chozizwitsa nawo Izhevsk gunsmiths. Tikumbukenso kuti akatswiri a "Izhmash" wachita kale ntchito za kutembenuka kwa manja yaing'ono asilikali kusaka malonda.

Choyamba, tatchulawa mbewu chinkhoswe mu zotsimikizira carbine "Saiga". mankhwala wakhala analenga pamaziko a Kalashnikov wosangalatsa. Komanso, unakhazikitsidwa kupanga basi mfuti "Amabereka" chopangidwa kwa kusaka pamaziko a osati zochepa wotchuka mfuti Dragunov (SVD).

Choncho, Russian zopangidwa kusaka carbines "Amabereka" ntchito kusaka ziweto lalikulu ndi sing'anga. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti makatiriji ndi amodzi mu SVD. Kusaka kuti muwone, iwo amalembedwa 7,62x54R, akuvutika ndi chipolopolo ndi poluobolochnoy osiyana mtengo wotsika.

Carbine "Amabereka" atsimikiza mkulu molondola. chipangizo Izi wodzichepetsa ali misa yaing'ono. utali wonse ndi 1200 mm, kulemera popanda milandu - 3,9 makilogalamu. Ndi chida ichi mukhoza moto, ntchito pamaso lotseguka kapena kuwala. Ndipo yoyamba ya telescopic pamaso kuwombera Sikuti. Kuwombera osiyanasiyana mamita mazana atatu.

Woyamba chitsanzo carbine "Amabereka" kudabwa ndi chidwi chiwerengero cha zovuta. phukusi m'gulu pamaso pa zida Army PSO-1, amene anali kwathunthu unadapted mikhalidwe kusaka. mankhwala wakhala zokuzira ndi mbuyo mafupa yabwino kwambiri othamanga ndi snipers asilikali iye anali cutout kwa chala. Choncho, mbuyo anali zosafunika kuchita kusaka.

M'mphepete carbine handguard kuti tapangidwa a pulasitiki; iwo creaked mu ozizira, ndi mivi akhoza frostbitten zala. Kung'anima suppressor panalibe, kotero mlenje kuwombera pa chirombo analamula, anali wakhungu monga mleme a.

Tikumbukenso kuti Russian zopangidwa kusaka mfuti nthawizonse zakhala wotchuka dziko lonse. Koma ndi "Amabereka" kuti "Izhmash" madandaulo analandira ndipo anachita. Akatswiri gunsmiths wa mabizinezi odziwika anali awo ankaphunzira. Iwo kuimaliza kukonza mbali chitsanzo carbine kulenga chilengedwe phiri kwa Optics kusaka, kuphatikizapo zowoneka usiku m'masomphenya kuti asinthe. Kuchepetsa zinayambira ndipo amabwerera pa nthawi ya kuwombera pa, carbine zinakhazikitsa kuipanikiza nanyema, kung'anima suppressor. Pa nthawi yomweyo mbewu anayamba kupanga mfuti ndi mbale matabwa, anaika mu thunthu, ndi mfuti posaka mbuyo.

Model carbine "Amabereka"

Ndipotu, ambiri Russian zopangidwa kusaka mfuti Izo sizimawoneka ngati chitsanzo: kwa omasuka kuwombera carbine "Amabereka" choyambitsa pang'ono ankatembenukira kumbuyo. Kutheka zeroing mu mankhwala kukodzedwa atayamba pamaso kutsogolo ndi Kuwonjezera muzisa - Ndi zina zabwino izi aiming zabwino kwambiri.

Masiku ano, pali zitsanzo zochepa za carbine kudziletsa cholusa:

• "Amabereka", anapanga ndi Russian mlandu 7,62x54R. Chipolopolo akulemera 13,2 ga, kuipanikiza mphamvu ndi 3600 J. ndi mathamangidwe koyamba ukufika 780 m / s. Otomny sitolo akhoza kumakhalamo kwa milandu asanu ndi khumi.
• "Amabereka-308" analengedwa ndi mlandu yachilendo 308Win (7,62H51) amene chipolopolo ali ndi unyinji wa 9,7-11,7 kuipanikiza mankhwala mphamvu ndi 3700 J ndi mathamangidwe koyamba kungakhale kwa 800 m / s. Otomny magazini akugwirizira milandu khumi.
• "Amabereka-9" analengedwa pansi cholimbitsidwa Chuck 9,2H64 mm. Chipolopolo mlandu akulemera 16-19 ga, kuipanikiza mphamvu yake ndi 5800 J ndi liwiro chachikulu angafikire ku 820 m / s. Otomny magazini akugwirizira milandu asanu.

Carbines zitsanzo zonse za mtundu uwu ndi kusiyana ndi mbali zotsatirazi:

• mankhwala ali ndi chikhalidwe matabwa kusaka mbuyo (birch, mumamera mtedza), okonzeka ndi absorber mphira mantha ndi mfuti nsinga.
• Matabwa katundu (mumamera mtedza, birch) okonzeka ndi PAD mphira mbuyo. Iwo ali recess kwa chala, wotchedwa Sniper kapena mafupa.
• Chogwirira unapangidwa pulasitiki amadza zosagwira. Okonzeka ndi "swivel tsaya" koyenera kuti kuwombera omasuka ndi Optics.
• Chida ali okonzeka ndi mfuti nsinga ndi tubular zitsulo mbuyo kuti inu nthawi zonse kusamukira kumanja. Chogwirira mankhwala ndi "kutembenuzira tsaya," koyenera kuti kuwombera omasuka ndi Optics. Kutalika kwa mfuti katundu apangidwe ndi zosakwana 260 mm.
• mankhwala udzatha ndi kusaka handguard, ndi mtengo.
• Chida ali yaitali cylindrical kung'anima suppressor.

Ndi carbine wapadera "Amabereka" chitsanzo aliyense akhoza kupangidwa ndi mbiya, ndi elongated kwa 620 mm. The zida zikuphatikizapo zinthu zimenezi oiler, kukonza ndodo ndipo Chalk zosiyanasiyana, anaika mu nkhani pensulo.

Mayiwo angathe kuwonjezera ya chivundikiro, ndi pamaso kuwala ndi bulaketi ndi wachikopa. Gwirizanani, anapatsidwa osiyanasiyana yaikulu kwambiri mlenje kukagula ndendende mankhwala, zomwe anam'chonderera.

Carbine "Los"

Russian kusaka carbines "Mphalapala" ndi Soviet chida shopu, amene anafuna kusaka akatswiri kwa nyama zazikulu ndi sing'anga-kakulidwe. Iwo amakhala okonzeka ndi shutter longitudinally kusuntha, onsewo pa potseka. Thunthu mankhwala ali anayi bwino-slicing, chromed mbiya njira. Mphamvu milandu amachokera sitolo bokosi integrally kuponyedwa zipolopolo asanu chobisika bokosi. Zinafika ndi Lamulo pano. Chida ali okonzeka ndi akuonadi zipangizo lotseguka mtundu anaika pa izo PO4H34 Optics. Mabokosi anapangidwa kuchokera birch lacquered nkhuni, ali ndi mfuti mawonekedwe ndi ziyerekezo pa tsaya. Ndi mbuyo Ufumuyo mphira mbuyo.

Izi zili omasuka ntchito ndi kusamalila tsankho disassembly angathe kuchitidwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo.

Zotsatirazi chitsanzo carbine "Los":

• Mu 1962 anawombola chitsanzo, "mbawala-1" pansi pa mlandu wa 9H53 mamilimita R. Iwo anali opangidwa mpaka 1976.
• Model "mbawala-4" pansi mlandu 7,62H51 mamilimita A chopangidwa mu zaka 1977-1991.
• chitsanzo, "Mphalapala-7" analengedwa pansi mlandu 7,62H51 mamilimita A.
• kusinthidwa kenako ndi "Los-7-1." Izo zili ndi sitolo otomnym.
• "Mbawala-8" ndi oyenera mlandu mamilimita 9,3x64 Brenneke.
• "Los-9-1" (KO-9-1) - 9.3x64 mamilimita Brenneke.
• "Los-9-2" - 7,62H63 mm (30-06).
• "Los-9-3" - 7H65 mamilimita Brenneke.

Mwa njira, kusaka mfuti kupanga Russian ndi wovuta kwambiri za zipolopolo. Mwachitsanzo, carbine "Mphalapala" amagwiritsa Soviet katiriji kwa kusaka 7,62H51 mamilimita A, zomwe n'zosatheka m'malo ndi katiriji 7,62H51 mamilimita NATO (mphamvu zosiyana).

Back cha mma 1990, mlandu 7,62H51 mamilimita A inachotsedwa kupanga. Koma mu Russia, kwa mfuti zida kuyambira Soviet Union milandu kwa kusaka 7,62H51M Masiku ano (.308Win).

Carbine Simonov (SCS-45)

Ife tsopano kuphunzira kusaka mfuti ya SKS Russian kupanga. Taganizirani chitsanzo cha mtundu wa carbine Simonov (SCS-45). Mbiri ya zida wololera tsegula anayamba pa msonkhano wa mamembala a Commissariat of zida. msonkhano zinachitika pa July 15, 1943. Pa gululi nkhani "Pa zitsanzo latsopano yachilendo ya zida pansi mlandu ndi mphamvu zochepa."

Tikumbukenso kuti ophunzira misonkhano chidwi mu German analanda carbine makina Mkb 42 (H) pansi latsopano mlandu 7,92H33 mm. M'njira imeneyi katiriji anali zochepa kuposa German mfuti - 7,92H57 mm. Kumene, pa mtunda wa mamita 800 kuchokera zingachititse anawomberedwa bombardment, ngakhale chipolopolo anali gulu la 8.2 ga, ndi liwiro yaikulu inali 700 m / s. Mwa njira, kukula ndi kulemera kwa izi carbine makina ang'onoang'ono, ndi osalimba ndi olondola akatemera kwathunthu kukwaniritsa oponya mivi.

Choncho, Russian anapanga mfuti kusaka kunali koyenera kusintha. Choncho, pa msonkhano wa bungwe luso anaganiza kukhala omveka mofanana ndi wofooka katiriji, ndi watsopano wa manja ochepera iye. Mlandu latsopano analengedwa mofulumira kwambiri, ndi kale mu 1943, pa September 3 pa Commissariat of zida zitsanzo ziwiri zoyambirira katiriji akhala anapereka. Field chiyesedwe cha watsopano mlandu 7,62H39 mamilimita chitsanzo 1943 (57-H-231) inayamba mu December chaka chomwecho.

Chakumapeto kwa 1944, Union manja yaing'ono, anaikira woyang'anira latsopano, analandira chitsanzo chake choyamba. Zinali mfuti kudziletsa tsegula, analengedwa ndi S. G. Simonovym. Kumayambiriro 1945, magulu ang'onoang'ono a mankhwala anatumizidwa kwa mkulu maphunziro chapakati "mpirawo" a asilikali. Ndi "newcomer" kumeneko kunachitika mayesero asilikali.

Komanso, asilikali analandira malipoti, amene taonera otsika kulemera, kuphweka chipangizo, kwambiri maneuverability carbine. Iwo anali ananena kuti mankhwala ndi omasuka kwambiri mpeni kumenyana ndi mfuti. kusaka ambiri rifled carbines kupanga Russian ndife olephera, ndi carbine Simonov anali nazonso. malipoti ananena kuti amakhudzidwa dothi choncho m'kati kuwombera phokoso amapezeka.

Wokonzedwanso mwamakono ndi carbine pambuyo anamaliza nkhondo.

"Saiga"

Inu mukudabwa chimene chimapanga kusaka carbines Russian kupanga "Saiga"? mankhwala zodabwitsa izi zochokera AK. "Izhmash" Akatswiri fakitale analenga yaikulu zosiyanasiyana kutisokoneza mfuti 410 TH, 12 TH 20 TH likungosonyeza. Iwo anayamba mfuti pansi milandu 7,62H51 7,62H39, 5,56H45 ndi 5.45x39 mamilimita ndi 9x19 "Parabellum» (.22 Long mfuti). A pakampaniyo anayamba anamasulidwa maphwando apadera ochepera pa zikusowa milandu Soviet 5,6H39 ndi 9H53 mamilimita R.

Tikumbukenso kuti yoyambirira ija linapangidwa carbine "Saiga-5.6" pansi mlandu 5,6H39 mu 1974.

Kusaka carbines "Saiga" ndi mbiya yosalala

Russian kusaka mfuti kungakhale smoothbore. Wololera potsegula mfuti aumbike mwa kusaka ndi masewera, kusaka ndi kupha nsomba, utumiki wapadera, kapena amaphatikiza mwatsatanetsatane chimake. Iwo akhoza kupangidwa pa mlandu wa 18,5, 10,2 ndi 15,6 mm.

mankhwala amenewa yodziwika ndi chizindikiro lililonse limene limafotokoza iwo.

Izi Russian mfuti kusaka ndi nkhani ntchito anasonyeza Mabaibulo zitatu:

• "Saiga (.410,2 kapena 20)" popanda index pachokhapachokha. Izi yosalala-inabala theka-zodziwikiratu mfuti okonzeka ndi mfuti posaka mbuyo ndi mkono matabwa kapena mapulasitiki. Mbiya ali kutalika 680 kapena 570 (580 kwa 12K) mm. Pamwamba pa nthunzi chubu alinso zowoneka atathana - kumbuyo pamaso ndi pamaso kutsogolo. Ndi kuti wapadera, mankhwala ndi cholinga chowapatsa ndi nthiti chosinthika.
• "Saiga (.410, 20 kapena 12)" wa index C ndiye chimake cha kusaka mfuti mkono, ndi yopindika pulasitiki mbuyo chogwiririra ndi ulamuliro moto (zofanana AK). Thunthu mankhwala ali kutalika 680 kapena 570 (580 12C) mm. Pamwamba pa nthunzi chubu aikidwa kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo zowoneka - Zipangizo chipangizo. Pa chopempha chapadera, akhoza kumakhalamo chosinthika kumbuyo kuona.
• "Saiga (.410, 12 kapena 20)" wa index K ali adzafupikitsidwa kudziletsa potsegula mfuti. Izi "smoothbore mfuti." Mfuti nsinga, handguard ndi katundu wa zinthu anakopera kuchokera Kalashnikov. chipangizo yatenganso lanu chipangizo, imene zida kuchokera lama fuyusi mwina yekha kuchotsedwa, pamene katundu ndi apangidwe. Mbiya amapangidwa 330 mm yaitali. Zipangizo zamakono ndi kusaka kapena "automata" maonekedwe.

Carbines "Saiga" yamazinga

Taganizirani kusaka rifled carbines kupanga Russian chitsanzo carbine "Saiga". Ife adzamvetsa mu olemba awo, amene ali kuwerenga limodzi.

Choyamba kwalembedwa mawu "Saiga" ndi Saiga - dzina banja. Kenako werengani hyphenated kalata chikhazikitso icho amasonyeza chitsanzo carbine.

Mumadziwika akalozera:

• Ngati index palibe, zikutanthauza kuti mankhwala ndi buku loyambirira la mfuti ndi. tsinde lake lili kutalika 520 mamilimita likungosonyeza ndi 7,62H39 5,6H39 mamilimita ndi 555 mm - chifukwa 7,62H51, 9H53 ndi 5,56H45 mm. Chida ali okonzeka ndi mbuyo matabwa.
• The index M aikidwa pa akweza embodiments carbine "Saiga" ndi kusintha zotsatirazi: mbiya lengthened kwa 555 mm kukula ndi 7,62H39 .223Rem, chipangizo choyambitsa ali yafupika choyambitsa mphamvu, zida ndi matabwa katundu mphira mbuyo Pad, 7,62H39 n'zotsimikizira ali okonzeka chipata ndi oyima atatu.
• Akalozera M1, m2 ndi M3 kuimira yofanana "Saiga-M".
• Index chizindikiro MK chitsanzo, "Saiga-M", zida ndi wotsikirapo mbiya (415 kapena 336 mm) ndi loko amene salola kutsegula moto katundu apangidwe.

Kodi mukuganiza kuti Russian rifled kusaka mfuti amanena okha index? Ndithudi ayi! Kenako hyphenated timawerenga zoti likungosonyeza. Kenako, mu nkhani ya zojambula wapadera, index wina olembedwa Mwachitsanzo: exp 01 - wapolisi chimake.

mankhwala Russia

Chabwino tsopano tikungotchula kusaka mfuti onse kupanga Russian? chithunzi katswiri amenewa amapezeka mu magazini iliyonse thematic. Choncho, kuwerenga mndandanda wa mankhwala amenewa chodabwitsa:

• Russian losatha kusaka carbines ndi mfuti ndi chida wangwiro m'njira zambiri. chipangizo ndi kuwombera woona, osiyanasiyana ochititsa chidwi a nkhondowo kuposa kum'patsa ulemu alenje.
• Carbines TOZ 122 umabala zida Tula fakitale. Izi zili mwambambande: a limagwirira kwa shutter yake mozama kwambiri, wachina chilichonse mosamala agwira pambuyo kugula sikutanthauza kusintha.
• Zoopsa zoyenera kusaka mfuti, zamakono kuposa "boltoviki", koma magawo awo luso, mwatsoka, ndi wochepa kwambiri.
• Ulimi wa mfuti kusaka "Mauser" ndi chinkhoswe mu Germany. mankhwala zili ndi chisindikizo kwambiri odalirika.
• Russian ang'ono-likungosonyeza rifled kusaka mfuti.
• Carbines "TOZ 99 04" chifukwa kusaka.
• Self-nawuza rifled chida kuti kuwombera quadrupeds lalikulu.
• Russian mfuti theka-zodziwikiratu zochokera pa mfundo mpweya ntchito.
• Carbines kusaka Sako ali otsika mtengo ndi apamwamba zida. Iwo anamasulidwa munthu wodziwika kwambiri kampani.

kutsekedwa chamangiriridwa kusaka mfuti

Tiyeni tikambirane Russian kusaka mfuti-boltoviki. Kodi amasiyana ndi anzawo? chakuti zili ndi chipata chamangiriridwa, amene amalola pafupi ndi lotseguka inabala, recharge ndi pamanja tinyamuke nkhani anathera.

Kwa nthawi yoyamba chipata uyu anali okonzeka Dreise mfuti 1841. Tikudziwa kuti okonza akuyesetsa automate zonse kwa pazipita lapansi. Izi archaism - bawuti bawuti anali kwa nthawi yaitali kumira mu chisokonezeko. chipangizo Izi kuwombera mfuti zoopsa si ntchito. Koma kusaka mfuti chamangiriridwa mawindo ndi chitsimikizo cha kudalirika katundu.

Tikumbukenso kuti ndithu posachedwapa kupanga zida chapeza mphepo wachiwiri Russia. Tsopano wodziwika bwino American wosewera Steven Seagal amathandiza ambuye Russian. Iye amakonda mfuti kusaka anapanga Russia. Latsopano mankhwala mfuti msika akula timayembekezera. Izi mfuti "Saiga-12" (likungosonyeza 12/76) mfuti MP-155 (12/76 n'zotsimikizira), ndi mfuti MP 27 "Silver". Sankhani, zofuna, kuphunzira katswiri awa, ndipo mwina inu adzatha posachedwa kudzitama nyama zazikulu!