Kunyansidwa ndi grillage maziko sayansi, ndi mawerengedwe

Foundation mumangonyong'onyeka ndi grillage ndi chimodzi mwa odalirika kwambiri ndi mtengo si mtengo kwambiri. Chotero eg akhoza anamangidwira paokha. Kumene, muyenera kukhala ndi lingaliro za ntchito luso ntchito imeneyi. Ziyenera kukhala chisanadze kubala kuwerengetsera zonse zofunikira. Ndi nkhani imeneyi patapita m'nkhani ino.

Kaya ndi zofunika kukonza maziko wotopetsa

M'munsi kwa nyumba wa mtundu uwu okaona malo vuto - m'madambo kapena malo otsetsereka. Pa dothi wamba mtengo ndiponso kosavuta kuika munthu wabwinobwino maziko Mzere. Kwambiri wosadalirika grillage zopangidwa mbale. Nthawi zina, ngati tepi otsiriza waikidwa. Inde, mwina poyamba zodula.

mawerengedwe mizati

Kumene, asanayambe kumanga eg monga wotopetsa mulu maziko, m'pofunika kuti kuwerengetsera zonse zofunikira. Choyamba, ndi kuchuluka anatsimikiza ndi mizati. mlingo Izi zimadalira kulemera kwa nyumba ndipo njila kwa izo. Muyeso wachiwiri kudziwa chiwerengero cha mizati chofunika zoona, awiri awo. The apamwamba ndi, chindichepere kufunika milu. Motero, ndime awiri a mamilimita 300 amatha komabe katundu wa makilogalamu 1700. milu amenewa angagwiritsidwe ntchito yomanga akanadulidwa, bruschatyh kapena chimango zomangamanga. Pansi zolemera nyumba ya njerwa kapena chigumula kukhazikitsa champhamvu milu - 500 mm. Iwo amatha kupirira kulemera kwa makilogalamu 5000 kale. Kulemera kwa kunyumba tsogolo Muwerenge ambirimbiri zonse zofunika zipangizo zake yomanga. Choncho, kuti awerengere nambala ya milu sikovuta. Ndithudi, izo zidzakhala zofunikira kuwonjezera chifukwa chithunzi ndi kulemera grillage.

Pamene bwino ikuchitika kuwerengetsera kupeza maziko odalirika. milu wotopetsa ndi raft ndi - maziko kwenikweni cholimba. Komabe, pofuna kutsimikizira izo zikuchitika kotero muyenera china chirichonse molondola kuwerengera cm pakati pa zipilala. Posankha mtunda pakati pa makatoni ayenera kukumbukira kuti sayenera upambana atatu a diameters awo. Kuti Mwachitsanzo, mtunda pazipita pakati pa makatoni a 500 mm - ndi mamita theka.

mawerengedwe a grillage

Kuwerengetsa magawo a tepi dongosolo monga wotopetsa mulu maziko, kumakhalanso kosavuta. m'lifupi ayenera kukhala wolingana ndi mizati mtanda gawo. Komanso, pamene inu kusankha njira, kulabadira kwa makulidwe a makoma. Grillage m'lifupi sayenera zosakwana kuposa 1/3 awo. Olamulira a tepi yaikidwa m'njira kuti chikugwirizana ndi olamulira a linga. Ngati yomanga kuwala, grillage kutalika ayenera kukhala wolingana ndi m'lifupi kapena pang'ono kwambiri. Tepi iyi ndi oyenera maziko chimango ndi chipika nyumba. Grillage kutalika pansi nyumba lolemera - njerwa kapena konkire - ayenera kukhala osachepera 1.5 m'lifupi kukula kwake.

mawerengedwe a zolimba

Kumene, kunyansidwa ndi grillage maziko ayenera pomwe chitsulo. Ikakhala yolemera nyumba ndi zazikulu cm pakati pa makatoni, ndi wodalirika kwambiri ndi oyenerera. Chimake mulingo woyenera chimango imatengedwa yosema ndodo 12 mm. Zakuthupi awiri ang'onoang'ono angathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa maziko. Malinga ndi SNP, chitsulo mu mtsinje ayenera muli osachepera 0.1% ya malo ake okwana. Zingwe rebar unapangidwa waya wapadera. Welded chimango maziko ndi zosatheka.

Maziko a ntchito yomanga

Choncho, mawerengedwe wapangidwa ya maziko zoterozo. Ndiponso, ajambulenso zojambula lapansi. ntchito afunika monga dongosolo lake (view pamwamba), ndi chithunzi mtanda yachigawo. Ndi Chiwerengerochi kovuta kuti amalakwitsa pomanga nyumbayo. ntchitoyo kupeza pophatikizanso mbale ndi zipangizo zonse zofunikira akuponya mtundu wawo, specifications ndi kuchuluka.

chodetsa kuphedwa

Choncho anapezazo onse amapangidwira. Ndi nthawi kuyamba kudzaza. Mu chisanadze mokhomerera ndi raft maziko ali ankachita. Pankhaniyi, chophweka njira kugwiritsa ntchito njira "Aigupto" makona. Pre-chizindikiro pansi ngodya ziwiri za mamangidwe tsogolo pa khoma yaitali. Kuwonjezera apo, chingwe ndi mfundo womangidwa mu izo (3, 4, 5 m) ndi ena ngodya ziwiri. Squareness kufufuzidwa ndi diagonals. Ndiye galimoto m'mphambano za pamtengo ndi kukoka chingwe pamodzi mizere ya maziko tsogolo la kunja ndi mkati. Onani kufunika ndi malo mabowo m'tsogolo.

earthwork

Foundation pa wotopetsa milu ayenera anakonza zoletsedwa ndi malamulo. Dzenje pansi zipilala mokhomerera kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino za nyumbayo, komanso pa mphambano ya makoma mkati. Kuya kwa milu chimadalira pa mlingo wa yozizira koopsa nthaka. Pamene akuika maziko pansi nyumba ndi manja ake aike akatswiri awo amalangiza zosachepera 1.5-2 m. Pankhaniyi, milingo kuzizira ndi malo a pansi ndithu zapita. Ntchito zikhoza kuchitika m'munda borer. Zikatero, ngati chinyontho pansi pa malo, pansi pa zitsime ayenera kuthira mchenga wosanjikiza makulidwe a masentimita osachepera 5.

Unsembe wa formwork okhazikika ndi zolimba

Choncho maenje wokonzeka. Kodi yotsatira? Wotopetsa raft maziko ndi manja ake kawiri kawiri zimachitika pa mipope. Pansi lotayirira pansi mizati ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mankhwala zitsulo. Pakuti mwamphamvu zoyenera ndi makatoni timachubu, koma kwenikweni impregnated ndi phula utomoni wonunkhira kapena mafuta zinyalala. Iwo amagwiritsidwanso Baibulo awo asibesitosi. Pamwamba pansi formwork ayenera kuuka kwa yemweyo mlingo ndege. Pamene kuthira maziko a mtundu ayenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti raft maziko pansi kunama kapena ngakhale kukhudza Sitiyenera. Distance from pansi ake pamwamba mchenga dothi ayenera kukhala osachepera 5 masentimita, distending - 10 cm.

Kamodzi formwork waikidwa, izo adatchithisira ikuthandizira ndodo zolumikizana clamps zitsulo mu increments wa mita imodzi. Pamwamba milu, iwo ayenera kuuka ndi 10-15 cm. Izi ndi zofunika kuti kenako kupanga mtolo zake rebar ndi zovekera grillage.

kudzaza posts

Konkire Kusakaniza kwa milu wotopetsa anapangidwa kuchokera simenti mkulu kalasi (makamaka M400) ndi lalikulu anasefa mchenga popanda zosafunika organic mu chiwerengero 1: 3. Bay mu ndowa angapo chubu njira kupyoza izo chipolowe pamtengo kapena ndodo kuchotsa voids. Choncho malinga formwork ladzala kwathunthu. A mokwanira wandiweyani dothi zolimba ndodo angatani mwachindunji kusakaniza.

milu wononga

Ngati n'koyenera, mu nthawi yathu, ndalama yobereka kungakhale kuchepetsa mmene ndingathere. Ngati simukufuna kuti ataye nthawi kuthira mizati konkire, zogula okonzeka zopangidwa milu zitsulo wononga. Kagwere iwo mu nthaka monga zotheka popanda kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera. Komabe, ntchito ayenera kukumana ndi anthu ochepa. Childs, awiri mwa kulowetsa ndi crowbar mu mulu mipata, tili m'mavuto mu nthaka. Munthu wachitatu, asaaonerera pa mlingo wa verticality. Kumene, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi okha m'madera osati miyala.

The grillage chipangizo

Pitirizani kumanga eg monga raft maziko zoterozo, ikumangidwa ndi manja ake, alimkuponya matepi. Pansi n'zotheka kuti formwork pansi. Koma ngati grillage mu maziko amenewa sakhala kwambiri pamwamba pansi, inu mukhoza kuchita mosavuta. Pansi pansi wake anatsanulira mchenga ndi angaimbidwenso kuchokera pamwamba mpaka kupeza nsanja utali wonse wa tepi ya okwanira m'lifupi m'tsogolo. Pa chifukwa "pansi", onetsetsani kuti kuyika Mzere wa zinthu denga. Apo ayi madzi kuchokera njira adzakokeredwakwa mumchenga. Pa mbali ya anaika formwork ochiritsira.

Mu sitepe yotsatira maziko udzathiridwa pa makulidwe a 5 cm. Poyamba chifuniro kulanda, akhoza wokonzeka kukhazikitsa ndi Kulimbikitsa khola. Izo ziyenera kugwirizana ndi ndodo yachitsulo kumutulutsira la milu. Komanso formwork yaikidwa konkire. Pamene kudzaza tepi, komanso mudzi, ayenera nthawi kubaya mtengo kapena fosholo.

Chomaliza

Choncho mwadzaza mu maziko kunyansidwa ndi grillage. Sayansi ya zomangamanga ake, monga mmene taonera, ndi mwachilungamo wophweka. Komabe, pofuna kupeza yabwino maziko nyumba, muyenera kuchita chinachake.

A masiku angapo kuchotsa formwork ku tepi. Sand bwino kusiya osachepera sabata. Patangotha masiku khumi ndi zinayi zotsatirazi maziko adzafunika nthawi wothira madzi kuti si kuoneka ming'alu zikundiyendera. Kuima pansi nyumba sayenera pasanathe mwezi. Ndi zoterozo nthawi yowona akupeza mphamvu zokwanira.

Asanayambe pa zomangamanga khoma kapena msonkhano, onetsetsani kuti asindikize tepi ndi zigawo ziwiri za chuma denga, glued phula awo utomoni wonunkhira.

Monga mukuonera, kuthira eg monga raft maziko sasangalala, mwaukadaulo - ziri zophweka. Chinthu chachikulu ndi kutsatira malangizo onse ndi ntchito zipangizo apamwamba. Pankhaniyi, m'munsi anali otetezeka, komanso nyumba idzalimba pa izo kwa zaka zambiri.