Kumayambiriro lokoma chimanga: kulima, umuna, chisamaliro

Mitundu wamkulu mwa alimi ndi eni minda ya chimanga, pali minda ambiri. Ena mitundu amalimidwa kwa chakudya tirigu, ndi zina - wobiriwira misa. The adzasowa chakudya amagwiritsanso chimanga shuga. Ntchito ngati cobs okhwima akhoza yophika ndi zam'chitini.

mbali kwachilengedwenso

Bwaloli lokoma chimanga ndi mkulu (mpaka 3 m), chaka ndi chaka herbaceous subtropical zomera ndi dongosolo bwino anayamba mizu. Tsinde la mbewu kungakhale kwa 7 masentimita awiri. maluwa Female ndi chimanga lokoma pa chisononkho ndi anasonkhana, aamuna - mu panicle lapansi. zipatso ndi caryopsis nodular kapena mtundu ozungulira. Mtundu wa izo, malingana zosiyanasiyana, angakhale osiyana. Nthawi zambiri nakulitsa mitundu ndi cobs chikasu.

Kuchokera kumbuyo chimanga wokoma ali ndi masamba wachifundo kwambiri ndi ang'onoang'ono okwezeka. Cobs pa kukula mofulumira. Maluwa angayambe pamene zomera kufika msinkhu wa 20-25 cm.

Ubwino kukula

Pamwamba linali nkhani ya chimanga wokoma. Chomera, choncho ndi mkulu, ndi dongosolo bwino anayamba mizu. Kumene, mu zikhalidwe za Russian nyengo kwa kukolola mbewu imeneyi subtropical ayenera kulipira ena tcheru. Komabe, nthawi imene adzalipidwa zotsatirapo. Anthu ambiri wathanzi mbewu chimanga ndi imodzi mwa malo oyamba. zipatso zake lili magawo atatu a kofunika mchere anthu. Monga mbewu ya chimanga wolemera mu mitundu yonse ya mavitamini ndi zakudya zina. Lili zipatso za zomera, ndi yambiri shuga. Choncho dzina la gulu.

The mitundu otchuka

Kumene, nyakulima ule amasankha kuchita kulima chikhalidwe chachikulu wodzichepetsa, choyamba tiyenera kusamalira kugula mbewu. Zosiyanasiyana chimanga wokoma, pali zambiri. Mu zikhalidwe za Russia, nthawi zambiri, oyambirira-kukhwima mitundu mwakula. chimanga Normal zipse mu nyengo yathu alibe nthawi. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa alimi mitundu Russian ndi:

• Kuban shuga;

• Mzimu F1;

• Gourmand;

• Dobrynya.

Chimanga Kuban: uzirwi wa mitundu

Ndi m'ma slabokustisty wodzichepetsa zosiyanasiyana. Zimapsa chimanga shuga Kuban pa masiku 92-96 pambuyo zikamera. Weevil zosiyanasiyana izi ndi waukulu kukula ndiponso ali ndi yowala mtundu wachikasu. Chisononkho okha angafikire kutalika masentimita 19-24. Ubwino Kuban sweetcorn monga makamaka mkulu khalidwe amakambirana ndi ntchito zake zosiyanasiyana. Cobs silingakhoze kokha kuphika, komanso kusunga kwa dzinja. Mtundu amafuna hilling pamaso panicle mapangidwe.

Chimanga Shuga F1 Mzimu

zosiyanasiyana Izi oyambirira zambiri wamkulu mmera njira. Pamene ntchito njira imeneyi pa chisononkho akhoza akamagwira mapeto a July - oyambirira August. Sweetcorn ndi F1 Mzimu, mwa zina, yodziwika ndi zokolola m'khola zaka zonse. Izi imakhudzanso ubwino wake wosatsutsika. Mbewu mu F1 Mzimu, monga Kuban, chachikulu kwambiri ndi okoma. wamaluwa ambiri amaona mtundu umenewu wa zokoma koposa zonse zilipo pa mphindi.

kalasi Gourmet

The mwayi waukulu zosiyanasiyana imeneyi akuti ndi zokolola lalikulu. Komanso Gourmand chimanga shuga kugonjetsedwa kwambiri matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zomera kuti ali yekha kumatenga masiku 70-75. Pa nthawi imeneyi cobs amakula masentimita 20 m'litali. Weevil mu kalasi ali lonse, yowutsa mudyo kwambiri ndi okoma. Nthawi zambiri cobs Gourmet kudya yophika. Komanso kusunga iwo analola.

chimanga Dobrynia

Ubwino wa kalasi zimenezi zimaphatikizapo makutu makamaka lalikulu kwambiri. Kukula oyambirira wosakanizidwa Dobrynia mungathe kwa masentimita 170 kutalika. Sankhani zosiyanasiyana izi kulima akhoza kuphatikizapo cottagers, dziko m'deralo amene sali wabwino kwambiri. Ndi kapangidwe wa nthaka Dobrynia hybrid undemanding kwathunthu. Komanso, izi oyambirira lokoma chimanga si mantha matenda ambiri monga zithunzi ndi dzimbiri. makutu okhwima a kalasi pa tsiku la 70 mutabzala. Mosiyana ndi hybrids ena ambiri, kusonkhanitsa iwo akhoza kukhala osati mu mkaka kukhwima gawo, komanso zouma.

yokonza mbewu

Wokoma chimanga cultivar asankhidwa ndi kubzala zakuthupi anagula. Kenako mukufunika kukonza mbewu. Mfundo iwo akhoza kungoyankha kungoika mu nthaka. Komabe, nkhani okonzeka adzauka mofulumira, ndi chimanga yokha m'tsogolo chidzakula kwambiri wathanzi ndi yachonde. Kodi kukonzekera chisanadze kufesa motere:

• Mbewu linakwiriridwa pa pepala ndipo anaikidwa wogawana mu malo dzuwa kwa masiku 5.

• Nkhani mkangano ali akhathamiritsa kwa tsiku mu njira ofunda a stimulators potaziyamu permanganate (ofooka) kapena kukula.

Konzekerani motere nyemba zimere kwa masiku angapo mofulumira.

Kodi kudzala?

zokoma chimanga akhoza amatengedwa ngati njira ya nyengo izo zifika dzuwa zokwanira. Choncho, ikani zomera waima kapena ku mbali ya kum'mwera kapena kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa nyumba, kapena pa lathyathyathya chiwembu, pakalibe mitengo waukulu chapafupi. zabwino kwambiri ngati kumbali ina, kumene mu dera ili mosavuta mphepo, adzakhala chopinga chilichonse (nyumbayi, tchire ndi zina zotero. D.). Lokoma chimanga - chomera ndi mkulu, ndi mphepo za izo amangokhala kuphwanya kapena "falitsani mmwamba".

wamaluwa kwambiri anayikidwa chimanga pamodzi mipanda kapena pafupi bwalo. Ngati n'koyenera, chikhalidwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati mchitidwe kapangidwe malo. Mwachitsanzo, n'zosavuta kuti kuyambira nthawi hedgerow pa gawo magawidwe.

The precursors zabwino

Kudzala lokoma chimanga zikhoza kupangidwa pambuyo mbewu iliyonse zina masamba umene kupanga feteleza. The precursors zabwino zomera ndi mbatata, kabichi ndi nandolo. Iwo ali osavomerezeka kubzala mbewu pambuyo mapira. chakuti zomera zingakhudze tizilombo chomwecho - chimanga borer. Iwo osavomerezeka monga chodzala mbewu pambuyo Beet shuga kapena pafupi ndi izo.

Nthawi zambiri, chimanga imaikidwa pafupi nkhaka ndi kuleka chikwapu zapitazo umatheka ndi nthambi zake. Iwo akhoza anabzala mbewu, ndi pafupi ndi dzungu. Komabe, chimanga mapesi Sikuti kuti agwirizane pansi, kuuza chikhalidwe. Pa dzungu iwo ali kuchisenza.

Kodi tiyenera kukhala nthaka

Imodzi mwa mbali ya chimanga ndi losavuta zokonda kuti zikuchokera kwa nthaka. zomera adzakhala zabwino kumva ngati dothi podzolic, ndipo mu nthaka wakuda kapena peat. Komabe, chabwino kwambiri chodzala mbewu mu opepuka, mpweya wabwino ndi madzi permeable nthaka, ndi acidity wa pH 6-7. Kukumba dziko kwa chimanga ayenera kukhala akuya. Ndipotu, mizu ya zomera amatha kupita ku 1.5-2 m.

Asanadzalemo mzere ndi wolakalakika wakupatsa feteleza organic (chawola manyowa, humus) ndi ena phosphoric mchere feteleza (mwachitsanzo, superphosphate 10 g / mamita ^2).

Kodi kubzala

Yambani chodzala chimanga pakati pa chiyambi cha May, ndiko kuti, pa nthawi imene nthaka wakhala kutenthetsa kwa kutentha magalamu osachepera 10. Kufesa nthawi ayenera anasankha kutenga nkhani chakuti chikhalidwe usiku frosts mwamtheradi sungakhale. Chodzala mizere lokoma chimanga. Mtunda pakati pa tchire pamene zikhale 25-35 cm. Pakati pa mizere ya kusiya 60-70 masentimita malo ufulu.

Kwirirani mbewu za chimanga lokoma mu nthaka pafupifupi 5-6 cm. Ndi pafupi kwambiri padziko nthaka sangathe adzaikidwa. Popeza kuti weevil chimanga - mmodzi wa zakudya ankakonda mitundu ya mbalame. Mutabzala malo, ndithudi, izo anawonjezera kuti madzi.

Chimanga Shuga: kulima mbande

Monga tanenera kale, chimanga - mbewu ina. Ndipo ngakhale zokolola za mitundu oyambirira kudikira nthawi yaitali - miyezi 2-3. Choncho, wamaluwa ambiri kukula njira mmera mbewu. Choncho wamaluwa ntchito pafupifupi luso kubzala:

• Mu mabokosi anatsanulira ndi gawo lapansi wapadera wapangidwa dziko munda ndi kompositi ndi 1x1 makulidwe.

• Pre-Zidamera mbewu firiji mu pepala lonyowa zotayidwa.

• Kuponya kuti akuya masentimita 3-4.

Oyambirira anabzala chimanga mbande shuga kumapeto April - oyambirira May - pafupifupi 25 masiku isanafike lofunikawo pansi lotseguka. Popeza kumuika amanyamula chimanga si zabwino kwambiri, m'malo mabokosi mungagwiritse ntchito magalasi apadera peat. Mulimonsemo, mutanyamula mu nthaka lotseguka azitha kuona kuti mizu si kuonongeka. Ngati mukufuna kupeza yokolola m'banda palibe chimanga ndi bwino kubzala mwachindunji mu nthaka.

Kodi fetereza zofunika lokoma chimanga pa kukula

Monga mbewu ina iliyonse masamba, chimanga, nthawi akusowa kuvala. zomera ndi lalikulu kwambiri, ndi zakudya ziyenera kwambiri. Chimanga chotsekemera kudyetsedwa osachepera kawiri pa nyengo. Pamene chodzala, monga tanenera kale, m'pofunika kuti feteleza organic ndi mankwala mu mzere,. chimanga zabwino kwambiri komanso kuyankha wothandizila munali yambiri nthaka. Izi zikhoza kukhala Mwachitsanzo, IMC-7.

Kachiwiri manyowa zomera masabata awiri mutabzala. Pankhaniyi bwino ntchito kwambiri zipangizo munali asafe.

Kodi fetereza zofunika chimanga lokoma pamene kukula, iwo kuzindikira kuti tchire. Mitundu yonse ya kusintha zoipa zingasonyeze kusowa dothi la zinthu zina. Choncho, mwachitsanzo, kusowa asafe idzaonetseredwa ku chikasu ndi otsyhanii masamba (anapereka nthawi kuthirira). Potaziyamu njala akuwonetseredwa kuyimitsidwa chitukuko ndi maonekedwe a nsonga masamba "lamoto." Ndi kusowa kwa wobiriwira phosphor minofu chimanga adzakhala manyazi.

mmene kuthirira

Madzi chimanga kakulidwe amafuna ndithu kwambiri. Kuteteza nthaka kuumitsa pansi zomera ali osavomerezeka. Apo ayi chimanga kusiya kukula, ndi makutu ake zikukwaniritsidwa. Decant chikhalidwe ndi zosatheka. Zimenezi zingachititse kuti compaction nthaka. Popanda mpweya, mizu ya zomera Kusiya kukula bwino, ndipo zakudya yonse tchire kuchepetsa zokolola.

Makamaka zambiri lokoma chimanga, amene kukula - ndi osavuta, ayenera chinyezi pa mapangidwe cobs lapansi. Panthawi imeneyi, ayenera madzi zambiri. Ngati mbewu lalifupi cha madzi, ndithu kusangalatsa eni yowutsa mudyo ndipo wokoma weevil.

Zizindikiro za kusasitsa

Chimanga mbewu iyenera kusonkhanitsidwa pa nthawi. Mbewu wakucha makutu si chokoma kwambiri, ndipo musati amasiyana juiciness. Yaitali zipatso chomwecho ouma ndi youma. Chimanga ndi zambiri masiku 20-25 pambuyo chiyambi cha maluwa - mu chikapsa lactic. Nthawi imeneyi, chipatso cha mbewu muli shuga kwambiri. Zinthu zofunika ndi kupsa:

• desiccation a m'mbali cham'mwamba mwa wrapper ya;

• asiyane filaments pistillate pamwamba chisononkho ndi;

• phuma snug kwa mbewu mzake;

• yunifolomu mtundu wa chipatso.

Pamene mbamuikha pa mbewu kucha bursts awo chipolopolo, ndi mkaka shuga madzi umayenda kunja.

Sungani mbewu chimanga ndi zambiri mkati mwa masabata angapo mu mzere. Cobs pa tchire sumangoyambika nthawi yomweyo. Kololani iyenera kukonzedwa yomweyo - wiritsani kapena kusunga. mfundo ndi yakuti pamene kusungidwa pa chisononkho ndi mofulumira kwambiri yafupika kuchuluka kwa okhutira shuga. Chimanga waima m'mawa. Inali pa nthawi iyi mu weevil amasonkhana shuga kwambiri. Ngati chimanga adakali kusungidwa, ndi bwino Pre-amaundana.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Kuwononga mitundu yonse ya bowa ndi mabakiteriya kugonjetsedwa chimanga zokwanira. Komabe nthawi zina, zomera akadali kudwala. Vuto ambiri ndi mbande mwandele. Izi zimachitikira pamene molawirira kwambiri mbewu kubzala. Ozizira mpweya ndi nthaka pansi pa chikhalidwe cha chinyezi mkulu imautsa chitukuko cha bowa, Penicillium. Akulimbana ndi matenda ndi thandizo zosiyanasiyana fungicides.

Nthawi zina lokoma chimanga anakhudzidwa Blight. Pankhaniyi, idzakhudzidwa masamba, internodes, mizu, ndipo nthawi zina chisononkho cha. matenda kawirikawiri kumaonekera mu theka lachiwiri la chilimwe mu mawonekedwe a bulauni mawanga lalikulu. Kupewa ake ayenera kuwotcha zotsalira za positi-chimanga.

Reviews wamaluwa

Inde, kutchuka pakati truckers mbewu yaikulu monga Mwachitsanzo, nkhaka kapena tomato, zokolola chimanga. Kukula si wamaluwa zonse. Komabe, pali otsatira okhulupirika a zomera zodabwitsa. mafani ambiri a chikhalidwe kufotokoza chikondi chake iye mu malo oyamba n'zotheka kuti kusiyanitsa tebulo banja. Pambuyo yophika cobs kwenikweni chokoma kwambiri komanso muli kwambiri zinthu zothandiza chamoyo.

ndemanga zabwino waweruzidwa lokoma chimanga komanso mfundo yakuti zikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kulenga zinthu zapadera kukula Mwachitsanzo, nkhaka chomwecho. Wa chodzala mabedi a chimanga ili mbewu kulenga wapadera "kutentha" nyengo. Choncho, moyandikana ndi nkhaka izi zomera kukhala mofulumira kwambiri.