Lipids - ndichiyani? Lipids: ntchito, makhalidwe

Lipids - ndichiyani? Mu Greek, liwu loti "lipids" amatanthauza "particles ka mafuta." Iwo ndi gulu la mankhwala achilengedwe zinthu organic chikhalidwe yaikulu chikukhudza mwachindunji mafuta ndi mafuta ngati. Ali mbali iliyonse maselo umodzi wamoyo ali m'magulu yosavuta zovuta. The zikuchokera kwa zamadzimadzi ophweka monga mowa ndi mafuta zidulo, ndi zovuta ali mkulu kulemera zigawo zikuluzikulu maselo. Onse imakhudzana ndi zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamoyo zimakhudzanso pa michere yogwira, ndi naonsO angapezekeko mapangidwe zikhumbo mitsempha kuti yotithandiza minofu chidule.

Mafuta ndi hydrophobia

Chimodzi mwa ntchito za lipids ndi chilengedwe cha malo mphamvu ya thupi lake ndi kuonetsetsa water- lonyansa katundu wa khungu, pamodzi ndi matenthedwe kutchinjiriza chitetezo. Ena mafuta munali mankhwala, opanda zidulo mafuta, umatchedwanso lipids, Mwachitsanzo, sterols ndi terpenes. Lipids sangathe poyera kwa sing'anga amadzimadzi, koma kupasuka mosavuta mu zakumwa organic monga chloroform, benzene, acetone.

Lipids, ulaliki umene umachitika nthawi pa misonkhano lonse mogwirizana ndi zinthu zatsopano, zopanda malire mutu kuphunzira ndi kafukufuku. Funso lakuti "Lipids - ndichiyani?" Izo sizidzagwira konse wotaya kufunika kwake. Komabe, sayansi kupita patsogolo alibe kuima. Posachedwapa anaulula buku mafuta zidulo angapo, amene biosynthetic ubwenzi ndi lipids. Gulu la mankhwala organic kungakhale kovuta chifukwa cha kufanana kwa makhalidwe ena, koma ndi kusiyana kwambiri magawo ena. Nthawi zambiri, ndi kupanga gulu osiyana, kenako akuchira wonse chithunzi zogwirizana mogwirizana zokhudza zinthu.

nembanemba selo

Lipids - chomwe izo ziri mu mawu a cholinga zinchito? Choyamba, iwo ali ndi chofunika kwambiri kuti tikhale ndi maselo amoyo ndipo zimakhala za inakhala. njira kwambiri m'thupi kumachitika ndi nawo lipids, mapangidwe nembanemba selo, interconnection ndi nzeru chizindikiro mu chilengedwe extracellular, si yoperekera ndi mafuta zidulo.

Lipids - icho chiri, pamene kuonera udindo wa zokha zikuchitika steroid timadzi, ndi phosphoinositide prostaglandins? Izi koposa zonse, pamaso pa madzi a m'magazi a mafuta zidulo zimalimbikitsa, amene ali, ndi tanthauzo, ndi zigawo zosiyana za nyumba ya zamadzimadzi. Chifukwa zimatha hydrophobic wa thupi yamasika amakakamizidwa kubala kachitidwe kawo zovuta kwambiri kayendedwe. Mafuta asidi lipids makamaka anasamutsa mu zovuta ndi albumin ndi lipoproteins amene sungunuka m'madzi, ali kusamutsidwa kudacita.

gulu la lipids

Kufalitsa mankhwala ndi chikhalidwe zamoyo ndi gulu - mnjira amagwirizana ndi zina zomwe pansi kuzitsutsa. Lipids mogwirizana ndi katundu amuzolengedwa ndi structural awerenge chimodzimodzi osiyana- siyana. makalasi Basic a lipids monga mankhwala yosavuta zovuta.

Basi monga:

• Glycerides - ndi glycerol esters mowa ndi mafuta zidulo wa gulu apamwamba.
• Waxes - apamwamba mafuta asidi Ester ndi 2-atomu mowa.

Zovuta lipids:

• Phospholipid mankhwala - ndi kulolerana wa asafe zigawo, glycerophospholipids, ofingolipidy.
• Glycolipids - zili zigawo lakunja la chamoyo kwachilengedwenso.
• Mankhwala - zinthu kwambiri yogwira sipekitiramu nyama.
• Zovuta mafuta - sterols, lipoproteins, sulfolipids, aminolipids, glycerol, chimasanduka.

uziyenda

Zamadzimadzi mafuta kutumikira monga mfundo nembanemba selo. Nawo mayendedwe a zinthu zosiyanasiyana pa periphery wa thupi. Mafuta thupi zochokera dongosolo zamadzimadzi amathandiza kuteteza thupi ku hypothermia. Kodi ntchito ya ndalama mphamvu "mu malo".

nkhokwe mafuta ndi anaikira mu cytoplasm khungu mu mawonekedwe a m'malovu. Inakhala, ndi munthu makamaka, ndi maselo wapadera - adipocytes, okhoza muli zambiri mafuta. Kuwayika kudzikundikira mafuta adipocytes chifukwa michere lipoid.

ntchito kwachilengedwenso

Mafuta si odalirika mphamvu, alinso katundu chimateteza, mothandizidwa ndi sayansi. The lipids Choncho walola kuti tikwaniritse mbali zingapo zothandiza monga kuzirala chilengedwe cha thupi kapena, Tikawonetsetsa kutchinjiriza ake. Mu kumpoto, amakhala ndi otsika kutentha, nyama zonse kudziunjikira mafuta amene waikamo zonse pa thupi wogawana, motero kupanga zachilengedwe wosanjikiza zoteteza kuti amachita ntchito chitetezo matenthedwe. Zimenezi n'zofunika kwambiri makamaka kwa nyama zikuluzikulu zam'madzi: Nyama, walruses, zisindikizo.

Nyama zomwe amakhala m'mayiko otentha, komanso kudziunjikira thupi mafuta, koma iwo anagawira thupi lonse, ndipo wambiri malo ena. Mwachitsanzo, ngamila mafuta kupita mu imakhala, nyama mu chipululu - mu wandiweyani, mchira waufupi. Nature mosamala ndi choyenera mayikidwe a mafuta ndi madzi ku zamoyo zina.

Kapangidwe ntchito ya lipids

njira zonse zokhudzana ndi kugwira ntchito kwa thupi, mutu ndi malamulo ena. Phospholipids ndi maziko a wosanjikiza zamoyo nembanemba selo ndi mafuta nthawi fluidity ya nembanemba izi. Choncho, ambiri mwa maselo amoyo wazunguliridwa ndi Kakhungu plasma ndi wosanjikiza awiri a lipids. ndende amenewa n'kofunika kuti ntchito bwinobwino selo. Limodzi la kwachilengedwenso Kakhungu microparticle lili oposa miliyoni mamolekyulu zamadzimadzi kuti likhale makhalidwe wapawiri: iwo ali onse hydrophobic ndi hydrophilic. Monga ulamuliro, izi ndi katundu matanthauzo ofananafanana zachilengedwe nonequilibrium, choncho magwiridwe awo n'zomveka ndithu. The lipids selo - ndi ogwira zachilengedwe kulamulira. Wosanjikiza hydrophobic ndi amangoona chogwidwa ndi selo nembanemba ndi kutetezera malowedwe a ayoni zoipa.

Glycerophospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, mafuta m'thupi komanso zimathandiza kuti impermeability maselo. The nyumba nsalu zili lipids ena Kakhungu, sphingomyelin ndi sfingoglikolipid. Aliyense mankhwala ali ndi ntchito yeniyeni.

Lipids mu zakudya anthu

Triglycerides - mafuta khalidwe ndale, ndi gwero ogwira mphamvu. Zimalimbikitsa mafuta zidulo ndi nyama ndi mkaka. A mafuta asidi, koma unsaturated opezeka mtedza, mpendadzuwa ndi mafuta, mbewu chimanga ndi mbewu. Kotero kuti thupi safunsa milingo mafuta m'thupi, izo tikulimbikitsidwa tsiku ponseponse wa nyama mafuta yochepa mpaka 10 peresenti.

Lipids, ndipo chakudya

zamoyo zambiri nyama "okwana" mafuta mu mfundo zina, ndi subcutaneous minofu, m'makwinya a khungu, ndi malo ena. Makutidwe ndi okosijeni a lipids ngati mafuta pang'onopang'ono, choncho ndondomeko ya kusintha awo mu mpweya woipa komanso madzi zimathandiza kupeza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa mphamvu ndi pafupifupi kawiri kuposa angapereke chakudya. Ndiponso, katundu hydrophobic mafuta kuletseratu kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ambiri kulimbikitsa hydration. Masana mafuta gawo kumachitika mu mphamvu "wouma." Komabe mafuta ndi pang'onopang'ono kwambiri mu mawu a kumasulidwa mphamvu, ndi zambiri yoti nyama mu mkhalidwe hibernation. Lipids ndi chakudya monga azigwirizana m'kati chamoyo.