Kulemera kwa njerwa zofiira ndi mbali ya ulimi wake

Red njerwa - wotchuka chilengedwe zomangila, chimene amathana pafupifupi ndi vuto lina lililonse. Izo ntchito pomanga nyumba mkulu-nyamuka, m'nyumba, ang'ono mitundu mapulani. Kuchokera chipinda chino ndipo kumpoto ndi kum'mwera. kutchuka yake ntchito zabwino ndi chakuti kulemera kwa red-njerwa limathandiza kuika nokha.

Mtundu uwu wa kumanga mwala anapangidwa kuchokera dongo chimene chimachita magawo ena, amene anakonza njira yapadera. Kuuma izo amatipatsa ndondomeko Kukuwotcha, mkulu kutentha ndi mankhwala njira kusintha mtundu wa dongo ndipo njerwa zofiira. Wapakati kulemera kwa njerwa zofiira - 3.5-3.8 makilogalamu. Kulemera enieni zimatengera mtundu wa dothi ntchito ndi makhalidwe a ndondomekoyi. Kuchepetsa katundu pa maziko ndi kupereka mphamvu wamkulu wa njerwa anapanga dzenje. Pankhaniyi, kulemera kwa wofiira njerwa (dzenje) ndi 2.3-2.5 makilogalamu.

Pali njira ziwiri kupanga njerwa ceramic:

• Clay misa ndi chinyezi ochititsa 8% -10%, kupanga psinjika amphamvu. Koma njerwa amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu zipinda ndi chinyezi mkulu.
• Pulasitiki ndi wamba njira. Unyinji yonyowa (chinyezi msinkhu dongo 17% -30%) ndi extruded pogwiritsa ntchito lamba atolankhani ndi zipolopolo.

Ulimi wa njerwa zofiira wakhala kuyambira nthawi zakale. Asayansi ngakhale kovuta kudziwa kumene ndi pamene anapanga zinthu izi zodabwitsa, amene kwa zaka sanataye kutchuka kwake. Mpaka kumayambiriro 19 ndondomeko m'ma kupanga izo unali wautali kwambiri ndi zovuta. Aliyense njerwa chinapangidwa ndi dzanja, ndiye zouma m'chilimwe dzuwa, kenako anachotsedwa mu pansi ng'anjo. Kutulukira lamba atolankhani ndi annular uvuni ndondomeko inapita patsogolo ndi kukhala zosavuta.

Modern njerwa zofiira opanga ntchito chaka chonse, wobala chaka pafupifupi mamiliyoni 200 zidutswa. Today dzina "ofiira" - m'malo msonkho mwambo. Ndipotu, njerwa mtundu zimadalira dongo. Ndipo pali njerwa ceramic ali oyera, achikasu kapena apurikoti mtundu. Ngati mulibe kukonza kuti atavala nyumbayi, ndiye kuyitanitsa kamodzi mtanda wonse wa njerwa ku gwero limodzi: zambiri mithunzi sizikufanana. Ndipo inu kugwiritsa ntchito chuma kapena a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, kapena kuthera nthawi kufunafuna mthunzi bwino.

Ngakhale kuti tikwaniritse wofanana machesi kukula ndi kulemera zovuta, pali Standard, amene nthawi magawo a njerwa. Malinga ndi mwa kulemera miyezo ya njerwa zofiira mu mawonekedwe yomalizidwa si upambana 4.3 makilogalamu. Pakuti aliyense mtanda ayenera anasonyeza chisanu kukana ndi mlingo wa mphamvu compressive. Quality wofiira njerwa ceramic akhoza kumatanthauza ndi maonekedwe awo: zosaoneka mtanda anyamula anthu ambiri zosafunika (laimu miyala). Zosaoneka sankaoneka ngati wotumbululuka njerwa. N'zosavuta kudziwa: lili yachilendo mpiru mtundu, ndipo ngati iye kugunda, akupanga phokoso wosasamala. The ntchito njerwa amenewa pamene akumanga nyumba zingakhudze khalidwe la kapangidwe ndi mlingo wa chitetezo.