Kudandaula - ndi chiyani? Kuthamanga kwa zitsulo za mtima: mtengo

Anthu omwe akudwala matenda a mtima, nthawi zambiri amatha kumva kuchokera kwa madokotala kuti apereke mankhwala okhwima. Nthawi zina zimakhala zovuta kusankha pa sitepeyi, chifukwa sizidziwika kuti ndondomekoyi ikutanthawuza komanso momwe idzakhudzire ntchito yowonjezera. Pachifukwa ichi, anthu amafunsa mafunso awa: kulimbikitsa - ndi chiyani, ndi chiyani chomwe chikufunika komanso kuchuluka kwa njira imeneyi? Choncho, ganizirani izi ndi zina zomwe zikukhudza njirayi.

Kodi ntchitoyi ndi yotani?

Poyamba, tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwalawa ndi imodzi mwa njira zothandiza kwambiri matenda ena a mtima. Nanga bwanji ngati dokotala akukulimbikitsani kuti mupange stent? Ndi chiyani ndipo zimagwira ntchito bwanji? Njirayi ndiyeso yothandizira. Ngati chombocho chiri ndi chikhomo cha atherosclerotic, chiyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti chikhale choyendetsa bwino. Pachifukwa ichi, phokoso lapadera limayambitsidwa, lomwe silingalole kuti phokoso likhale lochepa mu chotengera chokhudzidwa.

Asanayambe kunjenjemera, munthu amakhala ndi zilembo zamakono kuti apeze zizindikiro za atherosclerotic ndi momwe zing'onozing'ono ziwiya za mtima. Zitatha izi, mukhoza kuyamba ntchito, zomwe zimachitidwa ndi anesthesia. Pakalipano, palibe mbola imodzi yomwe ingaimidwe, koma ingapo. Chilichonse chimadalira chiwerengero cha zombo zomwe zakhudzidwa. Ndondomeko yokha imakhala yotetezeka. Opaleshoni imatenga pafupifupi ola limodzi. Ndipo nthawi yobwezera ndi yaifupi kwambiri.

Kodi zimakhala zotani zowonongeka?

Malangizo omwe amatsitsimutsa zombo zimaperekedwa ndi dokotala wa mtima aliyense payekha kwa wodwala aliyense. Amatha kupereka opaleshoni kwa anthu omwe ali ndi lumen yochepetsedwa m'mitsempha yowonongeka, yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi atherosclerotic plaques. Kukula kwa zitsulo pazomweku ndikofunikira, popeza kuthamanga kwa magazi kumachepa kwambiri. Izi, zimathandizanso kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umayenera kulowa mumtima. Ndi vuto limeneli lomwe limayambitsa kuzunzidwa kwa angina.

Mtengo wa ntchito

Popeza tapeza momwe kupsa mtima kwakhalira, chomwe chiri ndi chomwe chiri, funso lotsatira lofunika ndilo mtengo wa opaleshoniyi. Chimaliziro chimadalira zinthu zambiri. Zimakhudzidwa ndi:

1. Mtundu wa stent. Iyo ikhoza kupukutidwa ndipo popanda iyo. Ndi kwa adotolo kuti adziwe kuti ndi stent iti yomwe ingapangidwe, makamaka malinga ndi momwe chiwiyacho chimakhalira ndi zina za munthu wodwalayo. Mwachidziwikire, mpweya wosasunthika ndi wotsika mtengo.
2. Chiwerengero cha zombo zomwe zakhudzidwa.
3. Malo omwe amawopsya amachitidwa. Mtengo wa opaleshoni umadalira makamaka ku chipatala chomwe chimachitidwa. Mwachitsanzo, njirayi ikhoza kuchitidwa ku Germany mu malo a mtima. Paliponse pa opaleshoni ma ward abwino nthawi ya kukonzanso. Mtengo wa chithandizo ukhoza kusiyana pakati pa 5,000 ndi 14,000 euro. Kuyenda movutikira ku Moscow kudzawononga ndalama zokwana 100 000 mpaka 200,000. Koma mulimonsemo, mtengo umadalira pazifukwa ziwiri zoyamba.

Kukonzekera kukodza

Musanayambe opaleshoni, mukukonzekera bwino kupuma. Choyamba, coronary angiography ikuchitidwa. Amapereka opaleshoni ya mtima kukhala chithunzi chonse cha matenda a mitsempha. Zikuwonekeratu kuti zawonongeka zingati, ndi zipilala zochuluka zomwe zilipo komanso mitsempha yotani. Ndiponso, ngati wodwala ali ndi matenda okhwimitsa, maphunziro ena akuchitika.

Maola ochepa ntchito isanayambe, munthu amasiya kumwa zakudya ndi mankhwala (zomwe zimatengedwa pofuna kukonza shuga mu shuga), monga momwe zimakhalira pamimba yopanda kanthu. Kulandira kapena kukana mankhwala ena ndi kuzindikira kwa dokotala. Komanso, kuti ziwiya ziwonjezere bwino, mankhwala enaake otchedwa Clopidogrel amalembedwa kwa masiku atatu. Salola kuti mapangidwe a magazi asungidwe. Nthaŵi zina dokotala amalingalira kuti amusankhe nthawi yomweyo asanayambe kugwira ntchito, pamene akuwonjezera mlingo. Koma njira yotereyi ndi yosafunika, chifukwa zingakhale zovuta kuchokera mmimba.

Njira yokwaniritsira

Njira yonseyi imagwiridwa ndi anesthesia. Kumayambiriro kwa opaleshoni, pamakhala mitsempha yambiri yomwe imadutsa pamanja kapena mwendo. Kusankha malo obayawo kumadalira dokotala wa opaleshoni ndi wodwala mwiniwakeyo. Koma kaŵirikaŵiri kupeza zipangizo zamakono za mtima kumapezeka kupyola mwendo. Kuthamanga m'phula kumakhala kosavuta komanso kodalirika. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, choyamba chimayambika mu mitsempha (iyi ndiipi yapulasitiki ya pulasitiki), imakhala ngati njira yomwe zipangizo zotsalazo zidzatulukiridwe. Yoyambirayo amanyamula kathete, yomwe imafika ku mitsempha yowonongeka ndipo imayikidwa mmenemo. Mphungu imaperekedwa kudzera mu catheter. Iye akuvala zida zowomba. Pofuna kutsimikizira kuti stent imakhazikitsidwa pamalo abwino komanso osasokoneza, zipangizo zamakono zamakono zamagetsi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Pambuyo pofufuza malo enieni a zidazo, baluni imatupa, kuwongolera mphutsi, yomwe imakanikizidwa m'makoma a chotengera chowonongeka. Pambuyo pokonza, zipangizo zonse zimapeza. Nkhalango yokhalapo yokhayokha mu chotengera kwamuyaya (muzidziwikiratu nthawi zambiri imayenera kuchotsedwa). Opaleshoniyo kawirikawiri sichitha kuposa ola limodzi, koma nthawi zina. Zambiri zimadalira momwe ziwiyazo zimakhalira komanso nkhaniyi.

Zingakhale zovuta

Monga opaleshoni iliyonse, iyi ingakhalenso ndi mavuto ena. Ambiri ndi awa:

• Kutseka kwa mitsempha, yomwe inkayenera kuchitidwa opaleshoni.
• Kusuta kwa chinthu chomwe chimaphatikizapo buluni (mlingo wa kuuma ndi wosiyana, ndipo ntchito ya impso nthawi zina imakhala yovuta).
• Maonekedwe a hematoma kapena kutuluka m'magazi pamene malo amatha kutsekedwa.
• Matenda atsopano a matenda, makamaka kuwonongeka kwa makoma awo.
• Vuto loopsa kwambiri ndi thrombosis yolimba. Ikhoza kudziwonetsera yokha patapita zaka zingapo, ndipo mufupikitsa. Zimaphatikizapo kupweteka koopsa ndipo zimafuna kuchitapo kanthu mwamsanga ndikuchiritsidwa. Apo ayi, myocardial infarction ikhoza kuchitika.

Kuwonjezera pamenepo, tiyenera kudziwa kuti, chifukwa magazi amatha kupyolera mu thupi lonse, mavuto angayambe mu mitsempha ina yomwe siili yogwirizana ndi ntchitoyo. Kuwonjezera apo, ndikofunika kutsatira ndondomeko ya zakudya ndi mankhwala, yomwe inayambitsa katswiri wa zamoyo.

Mitundu yodula

Koma opaleshoni ya mbola imatha kuchitidwa osati ziwiya za mtima. Ngati ndi kotheka, mankhwala amtundu uwu amachitika pa mitsempha yamphongo ndi ziwiya za m'munsi. Choncho, ndi bwino kuganizira mitundu iwiriyi yowonongeka mwatsatanetsatane komanso nthawi zina.

Amuna odzudzula

Kufunika kwa opaleshoni yamtundu uwu kungabwereke pamene mapulaneti a atherosclerotic amapezeka m'mitsempha yochuluka. Matendawa amatchedwa kuti vasorenal hypertension. Pachifukwa ichi, matenda opangidwa ndi chiphaso amapangidwa pamphuno ya mitsempha ya nsomba. Ngati matendawa amapezeka, adokotala amalimbikitsa kuti impso zikhale zowawa, chifukwa ngakhale mankhwala apamwamba kwambiri sangapereke zotsatira zoyenera. Njira yotereyi ndi mankhwala othandiza, popeza n'zotheka kupewa opaleshoni yotseguka. Ndondomekoyi imachitidwa molingana ndi mfundo yowonongeka kwa zida za mtima. Mabala a balloon-expandable amagwiritsidwanso ntchito pano. Asanayambe opaleshoni, impso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsira ntchito zida zogwiritsa ntchito X-ray poyambitsa choyimira chosiyana. Izi ndizofunika kuti mudziwe momwe thupi likuyendera.

Pambuyo podzudzula, munthu wodwalayo ali m'chipinda chodziwika bwino kwa maola angapo. Pambuyo pake, adatumizidwa ku ward yamba. Ngati opaleshoni ikuchitika kudzera mdzanja, wodwalayo akhoza kudzuka ndikuyenda tsiku lomwelo. Pankhani ya stent chachimuna, wodwalayo amanyamuka kokha tsiku lotsatira.

Matenda a mitsempha ya mitsempha yambiri komanso yotentha kwambiri ya ziwiya za m'munsi

Mitsempha ya mitsempha imapereka magazi ku miyendo. Koma amatha kukhazikitsa zizindikiro za atherosclerotic, zomwe zimayambitsa matenda a magazi. Pali zizindikiro zingapo zolephereka pakuyenda kwa miyendo ya m'munsi, koma chinthu chachikulu ndi mawonekedwe a ululu m'milingo pakuyenda. Mu malo a mpumulo, kumverera uku kwatha. Nthawi zina kupweteka koteroko sikungakhaleko, koma sikulepheretsa kufooka, kufooka kapena kumverera kwa kupweteka m'milingo. Zizindikirozi zimachitika pamtunda pa mapazi: miyendo, miyendo, mapewa, mawondo, matako. Ngati vutoli likupezeka, dokotala akhoza kulangiza kuti akuwongolera. Njira imeneyi imatengedwa kuti ndiyo imodzi mwazovuta kwambiri matendawa. Njira yonseyi ikuchitidwa chimodzimodzi monga momwe zimakhalira pazitsulo zamkati za mtima.

Tinafufuza mafunso ena omwe amatsindika momwe kulimbikitsira kwachitika, chomwe chiri, nthawi zomwe ndizofunikira komanso mavuto omwe angakhalepo. Koma kuti muganizire pa opaleshoni yoteroyo kapena kuisiya, ndikofunika kulankhula ndi dokotala wa opaleshoni yemwe adzatha kufotokozera mwatsatanetsatane zotsatira zonse zomwe zimapangitsa.