Kubalana wa bowa. Njira kafalitsidwe wa bowa

Ife tinkakonda kuyitana bowa bowa ndi boletus, kuti kuyang'ana kwambiri ingachititse tebulo chakudya. Koma chikhalidwe chawo zoona amanena kuti maphunziro a zomera, kapena nkhani ya osowa "zoyerekeza-sayansi" zokambirana. Kapangidwe, njira ya moyo, ndipo makamaka kwa kubalana wa bowa ambiri kukhala "chinsinsi." Inde, mutu wapadera. Komabe, mwamuna wophunzira, ndi zofunika kukhala ndi chifaniziro kochepa chilichonse. Sichoncho?

Malongosoledwe a chamoyo moyo

Tisanatchule chidwi ndi zosamvetsetseka mutu wakuti "Njira ya mafangasi kubereka," tiyeni tipeze chimene iwo ali. Ichi ndi chofunika ndipo kwambiri chidwi. Poganizira, tinganene kuti kubalana wa bowa - osati ndondomeko mosavuta. ngati kuti wake - mawu awiri sangathe kufotokoza. Koma tiyeni dongosolo. Bowa ndi zamoyo, zomwe ndi makhalidwe a zomera ndi nyama. A kudalirana kwa onse. ufumu wawo ndi yaikulu! Pamafunikanso bowa okha ndi mikoidy (otchedwa gribopodobnye zamoyo). Panopa, kuposa zikwi zana mitundu amadziwika ngakhale asayansi amakhulupirira kuti anafufuza kokha mwa magawo atatu a alipo mu chikhalidwe. The amanena kuti si zotheka kukayikira, kuyambira kuli ndi kubalana wa bowa, monga likukhalira, zichitike mu zikhalidwe yovuta kwambiri ndipo sankayembekezera. Sayansi afika pozindikira kuti izi zamoyo alibe mizu ofanana ndi zomera. Anachokera ku makamaka yaying'ono-zamoyo m'nyanja. Ndi zomera kumabweretsa bowa selo khoma dongosolo, stationarity, luso kubereka spores, kaphatikizidwe wa mavitamini. Komanso, iwo kuyamwa kuyambira zakudya nthaka. Ndi nyama, iwonso zofanana. Ndicho, bowa, glycogen amasonkhana mu mawonekedwe a katundu, excrete urea, sangathe kulenga zakudya zawo.

A pang'ono za kapangidwe ka

Kuyerekezera kubalana wa bowa, m'pofunika kudziwa mmene akuonekera. Pajatu sizikumveka ati kulengedwanso. Bowa kwakukulukulu zigwirizana wa thupi vegetative. Izi si zimene timaona ndi kusonkhanitsa. chamoyo Zimenezi akuimira chachikulu misa colorless filaments woonda amatchedwa "mycelium" kapena "mycelium". Iwo agawidwa magawo awiri. Limodzi ndi pansi ndi udindo chakudya. The chachiwiri - pafupi pamwamba. gawo ili chikuchita ndi mapangidwe ziwalo zoberekera (yomwe ife timaitcha bowa). Lokha Zamoyo akhoza mochenjera kwambiri atengere chilengedwe, bongo thupi vegetative. Mwachitsanzo, majeremusi akhoza mizu mu "mwiniwake", kukhetsa izo zakudya.

Njira kafalitsidwe wa bowa

Popeza ili ndi lonse osiyana dziko la zamoyo amene alibe "abale" m'malo nyama ndi zomera wamoyo, ndipo alipo mu njira yake. Wofalitsa bowa akhoza kukhala kugonana, asexually kapena vegetatively. Ena mitundu kubereka mtundu budding mwini. Kuti pali pafupifupi njira onse odziwika sayansi. Ngati tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane, apa ndi mbali ndi zina zabwino. Choncho, kubalana asexual wa bowa zimachitika mycelium lapansi. Selo ulusi uyu akhoza kupanga thupi limodzi. Komanso, "kupitiriza mpikisano," zamoyo izi kulenga njira yapadera - Ziwalo zoberekera. Mu bowa, zikuoneka makamaka ofunda nyengo yamvula. Anthu zinthu zimene zimatha kukhala thupi latsopano, wotchedwa kunja kwa Palestina.

Vegetative kafalitsidwe wa bowa

Tizilombo timeneti angayambe ngakhale selo limodzi lokha, amene ali kunja kwa Palestina. Nthawi zambiri, ndi mycelium ndi wosiyana mbali imene amakhala thupi palokha. Ndi njira kubalana sayenera thupi. Mu bowa chabe gawo mycelium ndi wosiyana thupi waukulu Mphukira, titero. Kuyambira ilo limakula wina watsopano. Ngakhale zimaswana mitundu ina akhoza kupanga oidii (yowala ulusi zako). Awa, thupi latsopano akuwonekera. Mtundu uwu wa kusintha kwa mtundu vegetative wa asexual kubalana. Kuona ndondomeko izi mu chikhalidwe sizichitika. Chilichonse chimachitika m'nthaka (ndi malo amene kukula mycelium).

agamobium

Zimenezi ndi akumakhalira. Iwo ikuchitika mwa spores. Ang'ono kwambiri ndi kuwala. Musati kumira mu madzi, yotengekatengeka ndi mphepo, n'kudziphatika kwa ubweya wa nyama. Ndipo kuyenda. Kamodzi zinthu zolonda, kuyamba kukhazikitsa. Kusamvana anawagawa mpumulo ndi propagative, m'manja ndi immobile. bowa wonyozeka zili ndi ndewu kafalitsidwe limagwirira. Iwo yodziwika ndi kuyenda mtsutso, zida ndi bakiteriya udzakhalire a. Iwo akhoza kuuluka kwa zikwi makilomita. Asexual kubalana wa bowa, limene ife anazolowera, pali mtsutso kupyolera. Nawonso, ndi zosiyana. Pakuti kuphweka, ife kugawanitsa iwo mu amkati ndi exogenous. Choyamba aumbike mwa sporangia. Mkangano woterowo wandiweyani chipolopolo. kuchuluka zimadalira makamaka mitundu mafangasi. Ena bowa ndi chimodzi chokha spore (conidia). Njira maphunziro ndi yosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri iwo anapanga pa nsonga conidiophores.

syngenesis

Apanso, pali miyambo ina yofanana. kubereka wa bowa angaphunzitse m'njira zosiyanasiyana kugwirizana ndi mapangidwe zygote lapansi. Mmodzi wa iwo - gametogamiya. Njira Ndi mmene kwa bowa m'munsi bungwe. Iwo akhoza kutanthauziridwa monga maphatikizidwe maselo awiri (gametes). Mu mitundu ina, zimafanana, pamene ena - zosiyanasiyana kukula. Ngakhale gametes ali osiyana mu kuyenda. Kuti ndi khalidwe la 'kuphunzitsa' pa bowa, kukhala njira kubalana. Mu mitundu ya zamoyo, palibe oogamy chikhalidwe (amuna atathana ndi mafoni akazi a maselo). kubereka wa bowa akhoza kutenga maonekedwe a gametogamii. njira ndi zina zamoyo mwadongosolo. Kwambiri mmene kubereka mu bowa somatogamiya. ndondomeko tichipeza mu chakuti spores kumera ndi kuphatikiza envulopu, ndiyeno - mtima. Awa, latsopano chamoyo akufotokozera.

About amanita

chiphunzitso, ndithudi, chidwi, koma chidziwitso cha njira ndi zofunika kuti "kumva" Mwachitsanzo. Taganizirani chulutsa blewits. Iwo ali chinachake ife tikhoza kuwona tizidziwe. chakuti anthu asonkhana kuti chakudya, wotchedwa matupi zipatso. Iwo bowa kukula kuti bungwe ndondomeko ya kubereka. Mu sayansi, iwo amatchedwa "spore matupi." Iwo amakhala ndi zisoti ndipo zimayambira kuti ndi wandiweyani mitolo ya hyphae. Spores ali mu gawo chapamwamba. The kapu ali zipinda ziwiri. Top - wandiweyani, ataphimbidwa ndi khungu akuda. Pansi wosanjikiza pansi ndi chobisika. Mu mitundu ina, ndi mbale, pamene ena - chubu. Mu wosanjikiza izi kupumula spores. Mwachitsanzo, Russula ndi bowa ndi dongosolo mbale, ndi bowa birch luteus - tubular. Mu wosanjikiza ichi kukula ambiri spores. Anatsanulira mu nthaka, yotengekatengeka ndi mphepo kapena nyama, tizilombo madzi. Umatero ndondomeko ya kubereka.

Chifukwa kudula bowa, ndipo sankachoka

Popeza anthu kusonkhanitsa "matupi spore," ndiye mosadziwa kusokoneza ndondomeko ya kubereka ya zinthu izi. Ngati inu mungotenga "thumba la mbewu," bowa kukula ina. Ndipotu, ndi yaikulu ndi kutitengera imodzi koma ambiri "matupi a sporulation." Ndipo pamene tinyema duwa kapena boletus, izo zimayambitsa zimaononga mycelium ndi (bowa yokha). Pamafunika nthawi kuti abwezeretse izo. Izo zikhoza kuchitika ayi kukula m'deralo. Choncho, muyenera bwinobwino chepetsa tsinde, kuti kuvulaza mycelium.

ndi chidwi

Asayansi ankaphunzira zinthu izi. Iwo sanali mungopenya zambiri zatsopano ikuchitika nawo. Ena amene Inabuka mantha. Amadziwika kuti akatswiri Japanese amaona kuti kulolera yisiti chikasu. Iwo anachititsa kuyesera imene thupi amakakamizidwa kukula mu "kukhotakhota" kumene shuga anali atabisala. Kunapezeka kuti nkhungu yellow "amakumbukira" njira imene ndayamba goodies lapansi. Scion otengedwa chamoyo ichi, kukula molunjika ku malo shuga anali! Koma ichi ndi ophweka chabe bowa, vegetatively zimafalitsidwa.