Kshesinskaia zazikulu mu St. Petersburg: chithunzi, adiresi, mbiri maola ntchito

Kshesinskaia zazikulu mu St. Petersburg - mmodzi wa zokopa zikuluzikulu za m'nthawi yathu. chikuoneka kaso pa mbali Petrograd ndi yokongola undoubted mumzindawo. Koma kuwonjezera nyota kamangidwe, Kshesinskaia Nyumbayi ndi malo mbiri zofunika ndi chidwi. Momuzungulira adakali lodziwika bwino. Ndipo ndithu chithunzi cha ballerina ndi, akazi okongola, wokuta ndi aura ya chikondi ndi chinsinsi.

Mbiri ya ballerina ndi

Matilda anabadwa mu Kshesinskaya kuvina banja. mayi ake anavina pa siteji ya Mariinsky Theater, agogo anali woyimba zeze, atate wake - wotchuka wovina, wapadera yoimba mazurkas. Bakuman onse ubwana anakhala mseri. Pa zaka 8 mwa iye monga mlongo ndi m'bale, anapereka kuvina sukulu. Ndiye iye poyamba anali mu udindo wapadera: ana onse kukhala bungwe, ndipo iye yekha analola kubwera kwa kalasi.

Popeza ana aang'ono, Matilda anakonda kukhala lofunika kwambiri. Iye anapita ku sukulu mu mphunzitsi Pony okokedwa kakang'ono, ndipo reveled mu kuyang'anitsitsa chidwi. Ku koleji, iye anadziwa bwanji kukhala mtsogoleri, koma nthawi zonse ndi poyerekeza ndi mlongo wake. Ngakhale pamene afika ku sukulu zisudzo, anakhala Kshesinskaia-2. Woyamba anali Julia. Mathilde sanali wophunzira woyamba, koma unali cholinga wamng'ono pantchito ndipo anali wokhoza kutembenukira zochitika mu mtima wake. Pa maphunziro mu Choreographic School anakhoza chithumwa Mfumu. Ndipo iye ankafuna wakeyo kuti "kunyada kwa Ballet Russian." Pa wapadera mwambo wa omaliza maphunziro, omwe anali nawo mamembala a m'banja lachifumu, iye koyamba ndi wolowa ku Mpandowachifumu Nicholas nathamanga ngati nthethe pakati pawo.

Pambuyo pake, iye ankayesetsa kuti nthawi zonse kugwira wolowa diso ndipo kenako anapanga maulendo nokha, kenako mgwirizano iwo unakhazikitsidwa. Kshesinskaya, osati kubisala, kukakhala yekha m'nyumba, komwe anayamba Nicholas. ubwenzi unatha chinkhoswe ndi wolandira wachifumu wa German Mfumukazi Alice. Koma Kshesinskaya kuti tiziwononga nthawi. Kuwonjezera pa izo zimapanga ntchito yapamwamba mu bwalo lamasewera, musazengereze kudandaula kwa anthu a m'banja lachifumu kuponderezana iliyonse, anayamba chibwenzi ndi Grand Duke - Sergei Mikhailovich. Kudzera kugwirizana ngati ndi mkulu kuvina njira, Mathilde kufika pamwamba ndithu mu bwalo lamasewera. Iye molimba mtima chidwi ndi Otsutsa onse nakhala ballerina otsogolera Imperial Theatre. Iye ali woyamba Russian prima ballerina, amene anakhoza kuphunzira 34 fuete.

Popeza 1900, Matilda akuyamba limodzi ndi mamembala awiri buku wa m'banja lachifumu: Sergei Mikhailovich ndi Andrei Vladimirovich. Kshesinskaya chibala mu 1902 ndi mwana wa Prince Andrew. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo SERGEY amakhalabe ake bwenzi yekha. Matilda ntchito mu filimuyo, koma kukhala zochepa chidwi kwa zaka ziwiri. Iye nsangala kumizidwa mu dongosolo la banja lawo (koma zosavomerezeka) moyo. Kshesinskaia talente wapadera anali wokhoza kuti chithumwa amuna. Ndi okonda ake onse mkaziyo anakhalabe mgwirizano ndi kudziwa momwe ntchito thandizo lawo.

Moyo Ballet

Mu 1904 Kshesinskaya masamba zisudzo paokha. Pa phindu amalandira mphatso zokapatsa ku Imperial Banja. Iwo anamaliza pangano zisudzo zisudzo ndi apo. Amalipiritsa izo ranged ku rubles 500 750 kwa ntchito limodzi. Mu 1917, iye anasiya St. Petersburg natuma Kislovodsk, ndipo kenako France. Pamaso pa utasintha, Prince Andrew anam'patsa Nyumbayi wapamwamba pa gombe French. Iye anakhala chitetezo ake pambuyo kusamuka.

Mu 1921, Mathilde ku France mwalamulo kukwatira Prince Andrew. Pomaliza anasankha mwana wake, amene kale ankavala patronymic Sergei. Mu 1924 iye anapatsidwa udindo wa otchuka ndi Mfumukazi Krasinski. Ndipo mu 1935, iye ndi Prince Andrew analandira udindo Wake wopambana ndipo adzakhala 'Wammwambamwamba Prince Romanovsky-Krasiński. Patapita chaka Kshesinskaya potsiriza kunena tiwonana kuti siteji. Koma ngakhale iye anaphunzitsa kwa nthawi yaitali. Mu 1960, iye anamasulidwa ndi memoir olembedwa ndi iye ndi mwamuna wake. Ballerina anamwalira mu 1971, sanakhale moyo kwa centennial wa miyezi yochepa.

History Nyumbayi inamangidwa

Mu 1904 Matilda Kshesinskaya abverana kuti amange nyumba yake. Ndithudi, izi ziyenera kukhala ndi nyumba yapamwamba ndi wodabwitsa. Posankha malo, wovina anafotokoza kuti malo ambiri yapamwamba nthawi - mbali Petrograd. Anapeza malo oyenera ku Great olemekezeka Street ndipo anapempha kuti akonze ntchito za mmisiri wa otchuka - ndi Alexander Von Gauguin.

Mu 1904 Kshesinskaia Nyumbayi inamangidwa nthawi umboni. Patapita zaka ziwiri, Matilda nawo nyumba yake. Mkati yokongola, ilo anafunsa wamanga Aleksandru Ivanovu. Yokongola kunyumba kuitana yekha ogulitsa akatswiri ndi kugula zinthu zabwino. Matilda ankafuna kugunda kuwala. Ndipo iye anakwanitsa. Mu 1906 nyumba chinatsegulidwa ku St. Petersburg Kshesinskaia vutolo nthawi: womveka Street №2-4 ndi Kronverksky Avenue, Building №1. Nyumbayi inali malo yapamwamba mu likulu.

Wambiri ya wamanga AI Von Gauguin

Posankha munthu wamanga kulenga ntchito kunyumba kwawo, Kshesinskaya pawing kwambiri ofuna. Koma iye anaima pa Alexander Von Gauguin. Iye anali bwino kudziwika chifukwa cha ntchito zake - nyumba zambiri, mipingo ndi nyumba anthu ku St. Petersburg ndi midzi yake. Iye anali kuimira wotchuka wa kalembedwe Art Nouveau, yapamwamba kwambiri pa nthawi imeneyo. Kshesinskaia Nyumbayi anakhala A. Gauguin zofunika ntchito. Adalemekeza dzina lake kwa zaka zambiri. Pezani zakazchitsu monga Matilda Kshesinskaya, zinali bwino kwambiri kwa katswiri wa zomangamanga, popeza alibe skimp pa mtengo ndipo anali wokonzeka zatsopano molimba mtima.

A. Von Gauguin anayamba mapulani kumapeto mu 1877. Iye analinso dipuloma wojambula, analenga chosema, utoto. Kwa kanthawi ntchito monga munthu wamanga mu Utumiki wa nkhondo: anamanga akachisi, misonkhano yomanga Ofisala, zipatala. Mu 1903 anakhala mmisiri wa Imperial Court. Izi kwambiri chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha makasitomala lolemera. Ndipo ndicho chifukwa kudali Kshesinskaya kuti moyo wanga wonse pofuna kupulumutsa pafupifupi wake kuti banja lachifumu. Gauguin aphunzira zachikhalidwe. Iye maphunziro Academy of Tirhana, koma kwa zaka za m'ma wamangidwa mwakhama kalembedwe Art Nouveau, kukhala ndi zawachitikira kalembedwe njira yatsopano kukongoletsa ndi kamangidwe kake.

Waukulu kamangidwe ka XX m'ma Petersburg

Nyumbayi ballerina Kshesinskaia anayenera kukwaniritsa mumaganiza onse mafashoni. Choncho, chikufotokoza yomanga nyumba ndi katswiri wa zomangamanga, nthawi yomweyo ndinaganizira kalembedwe "ano", umene panthawi imeneyo unali zabwino ndi yowala mu Nyumba zoweta. Iwo kusiyana ndi chilakolako kugwiritsa ntchito njira zachilengedwe monga zinthu zosiyanasiyana za zomangamanga kum'maŵa, kuphatikiza amafunika zofunikira ndipo aesthetics, kulakalaka yokongola, wamphamvu zotsatira kunja. Zonsezi n'zogwirizana ndi nthawi ya kwa zaka za m'ma, pamene panali kumverera kwa kusintha kwa nyengo, ndinapita kufunafuna njira yatsopano, maganizo, malamulo atsopano a kukongola. Gauguin anali kuimira oyambirira kumpoto Art Nouveau ku St. Petersburg. kalembedwe wake wa zomangamanga silinakwaniritsidwe anaulula zonse, koma mbali zonse zapadera azimuth izi mu nyumba pano.

Kumpoto modernist kalembedwe chimasiyanitsa asymmetry mitundu, kukopa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo chibadwidwe yokongola, ndi kusankha amafunika mawonekedwe ndi akumaliza mu mithunzi ya zachilengedwe mitundu. Nyumba kalembedwe izi amatikumbutsa mtundu ndi kapangidwe nyumba akale ndi kumpoto kugombe la miyala. Zamaluwa ziwembu, mapanelo mapeto majolica ndi Zithunzi - mmodzi kwambiri mbali ya kukuchititsa zimenezi. Facilities kalembedwe ndi chimasiyanitsa Mosiyana mawonekedwe, lalikulu, mitundu ikuluikulu, zosiyanasiyana mitundu mipata zenera. Kshesinskaia zazikulu mu St. Petersburg anakhala chitsanzo woyenera oyambirira kumpoto ano.

chipangizo Nyumbayi

Nyumbayi inamangidwa mu lingaliro anadza kwa Matilda atabadwa mwana wake. The nyumba pa Promenade des Anglais, izo zikanakhoza kuonetsetsa chipinda mwana mmodzi yekha ndipo iye anafuna kuti moyo wabwino ndi nzeru pambuyo zichuluke. Anasonkhana Konzekeretsani zazikulu, Matilde anasonyeza zofuna za katswiri wa zomangamanga. Mu Maulendo iye analemba kuti iye anafotokoza ina mwa zipinda kuwamaliza. Iye ankafuna danga ndi chitonthozo pazipita. Ndipo Kshesinskaia Nyumbayi anakhala kugwirizana kukongola ndi chitonthozo. Ballerina osati ankafuna kuti anachita chidwi pa alendo ndi kuonelela, komanso kukhala ndi chitonthozo pazipita.

Khalidwe la Nyumbayi inali zabwino kwambiri. Mu izo, chirichonse anapereka. Panalinso wapamwamba kuvala chipinda cha zipinda ziwiri: chimodzi anachisunga mistresses zovala, ndi zina - zovala. Chirichonse anawerengedwa. Matilda ndikanangokhala kutumiza n'kulemba chiwerengero mdzakazi kwapadera, kotero iye anatumiza diresi yake anakhumba kulikonse. Kukhitchini unali wotakasuka kwambiri ndipo zimaonetsa ndi luso lamakono. Apa zambiri Kshesinskaya oitanidwa chakudya.

nyumba ali chipinda nyama inaperekedwa: Djiby nkhandweyo wachizungu, ng'ombe kupereka mwana ndi mkaka atsopano, nkhumba ndi mbuzi, ndi zomwe Mathilde anaonekera mu "Esmeralda". Komanso mu gawo la iwo ali osiyana zovala chipinda, garaja magalimoto awiri. Alendo mu nyumba yoperekedwa ndi vinyo wapamwamba m'chipinda chapansi, wodzala panokha akusamalira Prince Andrew. Mbali kutsogolo kwa nyumba ndi Maapatimenti yapamwamba ya zipinda, omwe anagunda kalembedwe ndi ulemerero. Osiyana Hostess monyadira anakhala yapamwamba yozizira munda.

Kalembedwe ndi mamangidwe a Nyumbayi ndi

Kujambula asilikali a nyumba yatsopano, ndi wamanga Gauguin kwenikweni kuika mu moyo wake. Iye ankaganiza yonse mwatsatanetsatane, ndi anatsatira bwino zofuna analamula iwo. Nyumbayi Kshesinskaia ali zikuchokera asymmetrical, maziko ake ndi mabuku ofanana. The nyumba zachilendo ndi chakuti pa gawo kutsogolo asanduke Kronverkskiy prospectus, palibe pakhomo chachikulu. Izo zobisika mu bwalo kakang'ono kunja zipata za mpanda lubwe. Choyambirira wapakamwa amapereka ufulu kayendedwe ka mawindo zamitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mosiyanasiyana. mipata zawo zizigwirizana kamangidwe mkati mwa malo a.

Nyumba dongosolo ankaganiza kuti mmunsi adzakhala allocated maudindo osiyanasiyana, ndipo kutenga pansi boma zipinda woyamba: a chochezera kulandira alendo, chodyera, ballrooms. inawo, poyamba, analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a Maapatimenti, amatikumbutsa Interiors osambiramo. Pa nthawi yomweyo kumpanda banja payekha adzaikidwa pansi chachiwiri: kuchipinda, kuvala, bafa, mwana. Adzakazi amene allocated mwachilungamo lalikulu, zipinda yowala. Matilda alibe skimp pa izi.

wapakamwa ali chokongoletsedwa ndi lubwe ofiira ndi imvi ndi kuwala akukumana njerwa ndi mfundo za buluu majolica ndi zokongoletsa zitsulo. Kalembedwe - kumpoto modernist, zimene zimaphatikizapo kupewa abwino. nyumba sichitsata wapamwamba maonekedwe, koma amapereka kuganiza za wopukutidwa kalembedwe.

mkati

Nyumbayi MF Kshesinskaia yokonzedwa phindu Interiors awo. Kuti kalembera ake anali ntchito zabwino zonse. Mipando analamulidwa kwa mmodzi wa Mlengi waukulu Melzer. Chalk, zipangizo, nyali, chandeliers, tableware, nsalu - zonse pansi pa zinthu zazing'ono wakhala analamula mu salons bwino wa Paris. Matilda anafuna kukhala bwino ndi sanazengereze mu ndalama.

Pa pempho Hostess holo yaikulu mmodzi chokongoletsedwa mu kalembedwe Louis XVI, wachiwiri - Russian Ufumu. Makoma a chipinda choyamba munali silika chikasu, wachiwiri - woyera. Kuchipinda iye ankakonda kalembedwe English mipando woyera. Chipinda chodyera ndi chochezera akhala chokongoletsedwa mu kalembedwe ano. Mkati mazikowo mwatsatanetsatane. Chirichonse - kuchokera bawuti kuti chandeliers wa - wamanga Dmitriev anasankha malinga ndi mfundo danga. Choncho alendo chidwi, osati wamataya, komanso mogwirizana mtheradi ndi kukhulupirika kwa mkati kuti ndinu mwangwiro kutsindika kufanana ndi akalumikidzidwa zipinda ndi mawindo.

Likulu cikhalidwe

Atapeza wa Nyumbayi Kshesinskaia chithunzi amene analowa manyuzipepala, izo anakhala malo kusonkhana mkulu anthu. Matilda amanyadira kwambiri za ntchito yake ndipo anali wokonzeka pafupifupi kuchita maulendo. Mwa iwo anali otchuka onse a nthawi. Nthawi zambiri anapita Yesenin ndi Aysedoroy Dunkan, amene kwambiri anasamukira pafupi kwa mbuye la Nyumbayi ndi. Mwakhala Chaliapin. Anabwera ballerina mnzake Karsavina, Nijinsky, Pavlova. Sergei Diaghilev yaitali anakhala ndi Matilda, amene anali wochezeka.

Kshesinskaya ankakonda bungwe zoimbaimba kuitana kwa oimba yabwino iyi. Mwachitsanzo, ku Italy nyenyezi Lina Cavalieri. nyumba ndi mlendo kawirikawiri anali Karl Faberezhe. Ndipo, ndithudi, zazikulu Kshesinskaia alendo anali oimira banja lachifumu. Apa ankanena madyerero, zisudzo kunyumba, kuchotsa zakudya wawukulu. zaka khumi Mathilde anatsogolera wosangalala zapamwamba zazikulu wake, koma kubwera 1917. Chirichonse zasintha.

nthawi zisinthe

Kumapeto kwa 1916, Matilda ayamba kulandira makalata oopseza, koma si kudandawula kwambiri. Mu February 1917, iye ankayenera kuti mwachindunji kulimbana ndi kusintha chosintha. Pa February 28, opandukawo anathyola mu Nyumbayi, anayamba kuswa milungu yawo ndi kuwagwira. Kshesinskaya ndi mwana wake Mwamsanga anasiya nyumba, kutenga pamtima ndi zamtengo wapatali. masiku khumi m'nyumba analamulira mwankhanza. Pa March 10, mkulu kwa meya anali wokhoza kufotokoza utumiki anapitiriza mfundo amene ndipo umasamutsidwa ku banki. Matilda akhala movutikira kubwerera kwawo, koma konse zimatheka. Komabe, gawo lalikulu la zinthu ndi nthawi kuti wasowa.

Utsogoleri chosintha waona nyumba ndi nyumba likulu lake apa. Ndipo Kshesinskaia nyumba "chidindo" anaganiza ku St. Petersburg. miyezi sikisi Mathilde anayesa kuteteza ufulu wawo nyumba akuzengedwa mlandu analandira Kerensky. Kulikonse analandira uthenga olimbikitsa. Koma nyumba palibe amene anamasulidwa. Mu July 1917 Kshesinskaya kusiya kanyumba mu Kislovodsk. Iye sanayambe kuchitika kuona nyumba yanu.

nthawi ya ulamuliro wa Soviet Union

Pambuyo 1917, nyumba ili, ndi Petrograd Soviet, ndiyeno - Museum wa kuukira boma. Nthawi imeneyi, kusintha mayina a misewu. Ndipo mafunso okhudza kumene Kshesinskaia nyumba (adiresi), momwe kuchikwaniritsa, n'kofunika kwambiri. Anthu a St. Petersburg kwa nthawi yaitali adzayenera azolowere chakuti msewu tsopano amatchedwa Great olemekezeka Kuibyshev. The Nyumbayi panthawi zosiyanasiyana komanso munali Institute of Food, Society of Old Bolsheviks. Ndipo mpaka pakati pa 30s, iwo anaganiza kuti adzalipereka kwa Museum.

Museum ndi malo

Mu 1938, tinatsegula pano Sergei Kirov Museum. Pa nthawiyi, vuto la Nyumbayi inali pafupi linasiiratu. Pali anakhalabe okha zinthu za kamangidwe mkati. Mu 1957, ndiye analenga Museum wa kuukira boma ndi kubwezeretsa zinthu mmodzi wa ofesi ya atsogoleri kulanda boma. Nyumbayi Kshesinskaia ntchito maola amene tsopano anafotokozedwa m'nyumbayi mode, olumikizidwa kwa nyumba yoyandikana - ndi zazikulu za Baron Brant. Mu 1991 zovuta chinaperekedwa kwa Museum of History Political la Russia, mbali ya chionetsero ndi odzipereka kwambiri kwa nthawi ya Matilda Kshesinskaia.

Moyo nyumba lero

Kshesinskaia zazikulu mu St. Petersburg lero limapezeka guises ziwiri: ndipo akupitiriza kugwira ntchito Museum mbiri, koma zambiri alendo kuno kuona nokha zotsala za Interiors wapamwamba. Pali anakhalabe pang'ono za fitments, koma zipinda pafupifupi wawo. Nyumbayi Kshesinskaia amene adiresi tsopano ndi malo amsonkhano kwa madzulo zolembalemba ndi nyimbo, limakupatsani kuona wanzeru, malingaliro wotsogola pa mapulani ndi kuphedwa zazikulu za mfundo. Anasunga masitepe, maholo, chandeliers kupereka lingaliro la kukula kwa ntchitoyo. Nyumbayi Kshesinskaia (St. Petersburg) ali zotsatirazi maola kutsegula: 10 18. Masiku ano, amaitana kwambiri alendo ndi osakhalitsa likulu kumpoto, ndi chinthu wotsogola ndi malo moyo anatenga mkazi zachilendo.

Nyumbayi Nthano

Kshesinskaia zazikulu mu St. Petersburg wakhala waphimbika mbiri zosiyanasiyana ndi nthano. Ngakhale pomanga anthu Rumor: ndalama ngati nyumba zapamwamba anapatsa Mfumu Nicholas II. Ilo linali pa malangizo ake underpass chinaikidwa pakati pa nyumba ndi Zima Palace. mphekesera zimenezi zinali choncho khola kuti ngakhale lero ena alendo mufuna kuona Nyumbayi wa m'maso mwake.

Komanso Nyumbayi Matilda Kshesinskaia, mbiri ndi apamwamba amene anasangalala kwambiri proletariat mu tsogolo pambuyo chosintha limodzi ndi mphekesera za chuma. Popeza adani a nyumbayo mwalamulo sadapezamo kwambiri zodzikongoletsera zapamwamba katundu, anthu panali nthano kuti Matilda anali odzaza zamtengo onse thunthu ndi kubisika. Pezani izo mpaka palibe amene wakwanitsa. mphekesera wina m'tawuni chikugwirizana ndi masomphenya a chithunzi yaikazi mazenera Nyumbayi ndi. Anthu a Petrograd mbali ananena kuti usiku pali mzimu asavulaze ndi ballerina amene sangathe polekanitsa ndi kunyumba wake wokondedwa.

mfundo zosangalatsa

Kshesinskaia zazikulu mu St. Petersburg - malo mbiri. Apa mu 1917 ku khonde la anati kulankhula Vladimir Lenin. Kuyambira 1938 dzinali lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito monga kowonera zakale woyamba Kirov, ndiye - Kukwera ndipo potsiriza, mbiri ndale Russia. Ikulu zovala za ballerina wina yemwe anali zazikulu ndi ankalandidwa pambuyo zisinthe. Kwa zaka Aleksandru Kollontay, Russian chosintha ndi nthumwi, ankapezeka madiresi Matilda.