Kremlin ya Suzdal: malongosoledwe ndi zithunzi za zochitika

Kale Suzdal sasiya aliyense wosayanjanitsika, zisanayambe kukongola komanso zosangalatsa. Mzindawu umasungira cholowa chambiri cha makolo ake. Suzdal inayamba ndi mipanda ya padziko lapansi ndi tchalitchi chimodzi.

Chiwonetsero: maonekedwe ndi mbiri

Kremlin ya Suzdal tsopano ndi nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale. Koma choyamba Vladimir Monomakh anaika kachisi wa Assumption. Imeneyi inali nyumba yamakono yopangidwa ndi njerwa. Ankajambula ndi masters abwino a Byzantium. Mazikowo anafooka, makoma a tchalitchi anayamba kuphulika, ndipo Yury Dolgoruky analamula kuti ziwonongeke. Ndipo posakhalitsa m'malo a kachisi wakale anayamba kuwuka tchalitchi chachikulu chowala chamwala ndi mitu itatu yojambulidwa ndi chisoti. Kwa mutu wapadera, kumangidwa kwapadera, kwa mitu yaing'ono kumbali ya kummawa kwa nyumbayo imakhala ngati chithandizo. Katolikayo inakongoletsedwa ndi zojambula, masikiti a nkhope za akazi ndi zojambula. Mu 1225 Bishopu Simeon anachita mwambo wounikira tchalitchichi. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo Suzdal Kremlin inayamba kutchedwa dzina la Theotokos-Rozhdestvensky.

Chaka chotsatira, tchalitchichi chinkajambula mkati mwa mafelemu, chimaikidwa pansi ndi matabwa. Apanso, mawonekedwewo amasintha pambuyo pa moto. M'malo machaputala atatu, amapeza zisanu, ndipo zina zowonjezera zimasinthidwa. Kuchokera ku ulamuliro wa Basil III tchalitchichi chakhala chojambula kangapo, mipando yachifumu yakhala ikuwonjezeredwa. Zikuwonekera chidwi chachikulu - Chipata cha Golden, chokonzedwa ndi amisiri a Suzdal. Chuma ca Nazarene Cathedral chili mu nyumba yosungiramo zinthu zakale.

Necropolis

Katolika ya Kubadwa kwa Khwando la Suzdal Kremlin ili ndi necropolis yakeyake. Amaikidwa m'manda kwa akalonga Shuisky, Belsky ndi ana a Yury Dolgoruky. Mu zaka makumi atatu, misonkhano yaumulungu idatha kuchitika mu tchalitchi.

2005 anadziwika ndi kutsegulidwa kwa kubwezeretsedwa kwa tchalitchi kale. Zaka za kubwezeretsa zathandiza tchalitchichi kuti chipeze zizindikiro za Saint Arseny wa Elasson. Ichi ndi chikoka china chimene Kremlin ili nayo Suzdal.

Belfry

Imodzi mwa nyumba zakale kwambiri zomwe zimapanga pamodzi, zomwe zili kumwera kwa tchalitchi chachikulu, ndi Katolika. Lili ndi chinthu chofanana ndi nsanja zokhalamo - denga pamwamba pa chimanga. Kuchokera kumapeto kwa zaka za XVII mpaka nthawi ino, koloko pa bell nsanja imalira ora lililonse ndi kotala lirilonse.

Nyumba Zobisika

Nyumba yopambana yapadera zaka za XV-XVIII - M'zipinda za Ma Bishopu, zungulira ndi khoma lamwala ndi khoma lazitali. Nyumbayi imaphatikizapo malo okhala ndi zomangamanga. Chodziwika kwambiri mwa izi ndi zipinda zamakono komanso tchalitchi. Chipinda choyamba chimawoneka ngati nyumba zovuta. Kuvuta uku kunapangidwa ngati nyumba ya ambuye a tchalitchi cha Suzdal. Zili m'mabwalo omwe nyumba yosungiramo nyumbayi ili.

Choyang'ana

Chiwonetsero cha Suzdal Kremlin tsopano chikugwiritsira ntchito cholinga chake. Pansi pali malo odyera. Lili ndi dzina, lovomerezeka ndi zomangamanga: "Refectory." Bungwe ili limakhala ndi zofuna zodabwitsa, ngakhale zili m'gulu la mtengo wapatali komanso wotchuka. Malo ogulitsirawo anatsegulidwa mu 1998 ndi cholinga chosunga zakudya zenizeni zachi Russia. Zomangamanga zimapangidwa ndi kalembedwe ka akatswiri achi Russia. Kakhitchini ili ndi maphikidwe akale. Malo ogulitsira amawathandiza zakudya zachiroma ku Russia. Atumiki a mpatuko nthawi zonse ankakonda nyama yamatchire, zinziri ndi pheasants.

Tchalitchi cha Assumption

Kwa mipingo yomwe yapulumuka mpaka lero ndi Uspenskaya, Nikolskaya ndi Khristorozhdestvenskaya. Uspenskaya ndi nyumba yomasulira ya Baroque ya Moscow. Mpingo wa St. Nicholas unatengedwera ku Kremlin ndi Suzdal kuchokera kumudzi, kumene kholo la mafumu a mafumu otchuka a Romanov anabadwa. Chombo chachikulu kwambiri komanso chochititsa chidwi kwambiri cha Suzdal ndi Museum of Architecture. Nyumba yosungiramo nyumba ikudikirira alendo tsiku lililonse, kupatula Lachiwiri ndi Lachisanu.

Nikolskaya

Mpingo wa matabwa wa St. Nicholas ndi chitsanzo cha akachisi akale. Zamangidwa ndi nyumba zamatabwa zamatabwa. Mpingo wa St. Nicholas ndi wokongola kwambiri, wamtengo wapatali ndi wa golidi. Icho chikugwirizana bwino kwambiri ndi zomangamanga zonse. Mpingo unapatsa dzina ku chipata chakale cha Nikolsky, chomwe chimatsogoleredwa pa mlatho pamtsinje Kamenka.

Iwo amatchulidwa ndi St. Nicholas, yemwe akuyesa kuti ndi woyang'anira alendo. Nyumbayo ndi yokongola kwambiri. Ndi ntchito yeniyeni ya zojambulajambula zojambulajambula ndi ambuye wamba a anthu.

Kodi ndi chifukwa chotani chomwe chimaperekedwa ku tchalitchichi?

Kapangidwe ka nyumbayi kanamangidwa kokha ndi chithandizo cha chida cha kalipentala - nkhwangwa. Misomali yomwe ilipo mu ziwalo zomangiriza za tchalitchi ndizitsulo. Kuphatikiza apo, mpingo wa St. Nicholas uli ndi mitundu yokongola yokongola yomangamanga. Pafupi, pafupi ndi Kremlin, ndi mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Khristu. Ndizosavuta kumanga, ndi nyumba yokhalamo pansi. Mpingo uli ndi chimango cha matabwa ndi denga losatha.

Suzdal Kremlin

Kufotokozera kwa zonse zomwe zili mmenemo kuli mbiri ya dziko la Suzdal. Pali mawonetsero okongola, omwe amaimiridwa ndi zinthu zojambulajambula ndi zojambula zakale za ku Russia. Kremlin ya Suzdal ndikatikati mwa mzinda, womwe umaonedwa kuti ndi wakale kwambiri. Ndipo wamkulu kwambiri ndi Katolika wa Kubadwa kwa Namwali. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga ndizovuta.

Koma Vladimir Monomakh anamanga kachisi m'malo olakwika. Suzdal Kremlin ndipadera kwambiri mumzindawu, ndipo amakopa alendo ambiri osati ku Russia, komanso kuchokera ku mayiko akunja. Ndipo omwe akuyang'ana chizindikirochi, samverani zolemba zake kuchokera kutali.

Makapu a mtundu wa buluu ndi nyenyezi zagolidi zomwe zili pa Nativity Cathedral zikuwoneka kutali. Archaeologists apeza kuti kuyambira zaka za zana la khumi kuli Suzdal Kremlin. Suzdal angakhale wonyada pokhala ndi zomangamanga zotere. Icho chinayikidwa mu mwala woyera, ngati diresi la namwali. Ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo, zovutazi ndizomwe zimakhala ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri, nsanja ndi zipata.

Kodi chikuphatikizidwa ndi gululi?

Kotero, bungwe la Suzdal Kremlin limaphatikizapo zinthu izi: Khatipiyati ya Khrisitu, A Bishops ' Chambers ndi chiwonetsero cha Mpingo wa Episcopal, Cathedral Belltower, Assumption Church, Summer Church ya St. Nicholas, Kubadwa kwa Khristu Church.

Pajambula la zovutazo muli olemba oyera olemekezeka, zokongoletsa zachiroma. Kachisi ya Khirisimasi inakumbidwa ngati kachisi woyamba wa mapemphero, osati banja la kalonga yekha, komanso anthu wamba. Ndipo zipinda za bishopu ndi zojambulazo zinatengedwa kukhala nyumba yachifumu ya apiskopi. Beteli la Cathedral linamangidwa pansi pa dongosolo lapadera la Bishop Serpion. Bells ndi chimes anabwezeretsedwa kwathunthu ndipo adakondweretsanso anthu onse a m'pingo ndi anthu a ku Suzdal. Mpingo wa Assumption umaoneka bwino. Nyumbayi ndi nyumba yokongola yobiriwira, yomwe inali m'nyumba ya bwanamkubwa wa Ivan III.

Mpingo wa chilimwe Nikolskaya ndi chipinda cha nthunzi cha mpingo wa Kubadwa kwa Khristu. Pamene pali chidziwitso ndi zomangamanga za mzinda wa Suzdal, zimagonjetsa zosamvetsetseka za omangamanga. Chodabwitsa ndi lingaliro lawo lodabwitsa la kukongola ndi kusinkhasinkha. Ndiponsotu, palibe amene adayesapo kulenga mzindawo ndi nyumba zake makamaka mu zovutazo. Nyumba zambiri zamapatulo ndi mipingo yomwe idatchuka kwambiri mu nthawi ya Soviet Union inaphedwa nthawi zambiri, yotenthedwa, ikuwalira ngati machesi, kenako inabwezeretsedwa. Nyumba zonse zomangidwa m'nthawi zochitika zakale, zimagwirizanitsa bwino mtundu wonse wa mipingo ndi makhristu. Nyumba zonsezi zinakhazikitsidwa pang'onopang'ono.

Kutsiliza

Nthaŵi zambiri Suzdal Kremlin, amene chithunzi chake chaperekedwa mu nkhaniyi, chinataya kufunika kwake ndikuchipeza kachiwiri. Nthawi zina nyumba zomangidwa ndi nyumba ndi akachisi pafupi ndi Suzdal zinayang'anira udindo wa chigawo chachikulu cha zonsezi. Chirichonse chomwe chikugwirizana ndi mbiri yakale ndi mizinda yakale ya Russia chakhala chikukopa chidwi cha akatswiri ofukula zinthu zakale ndi olemba mbiri. Ndipo mu umodzi wa mizinda yakale kwambiri, zambiri zakhala zikuchitika ndipo zidzapitirira kuchitika, kuti sikungatheke kukhalabe wongowonera kunja.