Kodi zimayambitsa ndi khunyu la ubongo ana chiyani?

M'zaka za m'ma hafu pasiti, padziko lonse lapansi, kuphatikizapo mayiko CIS, chiwerengero cha ana olumala omwe ali ndi khunyu la ubongo. Ndipo ngati akadali cha m'ma otsiriza, koma akatswiri, palibe anadziwa chomwe chinali oziziritsa ziwalo, koma lero pafupifupi aliyense ali ndi achibale kapena anzawo, zomwe choipa anakhudza mwachindunji.

ndi zimayambitsa oziziritsa ziwalo bodza ndi mantha kuchuluka kwa ana ndi matenda chiyani? N'chifukwa chiyani makolo mwangwiro wathanzi, akazi ndi zachilendo kwa kukula kwa mafupa a chiuno, ndipo akukhala m'madera zosawononga chilengedwe choyera ndi zosagwirizana ndi malangizo onse a madokotala woyembekezera, koma ana amabadwa ndi khunyu la ubongo?

Mu nthawi yathu oziziritsa ziwalo - osati matenda osiyana, osati matenda etiological ndi lofotokoza mawu amene amabweretsa pamodzi ana omwe si-kupata kuwonongeka kayendedwe zaufulu (ataxia, spasticity, hyperkinesis). Pa dzanja limodzi, kucheza ndi ana ndi matenda amenewa mu gulu limodzi, dzina - khunyu la ubongo, amathandiza kuganizira mankhwala ndi mapangidwe luso galimoto chifukwa konzanso aluso. Komano, ichi ndi generalization kovuta oyambirira matenda, kufufuza miyezo zofunika njira, ndi chithandizo pa chiyambi cha matenda a mwanayo (pachimake nthawi).

Oziziritsa ziwalo - matenda m'zigawozigawo. Zingamvekere, Choyamba, mantha dongosolo ana chapakati, ie, ubongo ndi msana. Chifukwa cha ichi, pali zolakwika mu chitukuko mwana, osiyanasiyana mu mwamphamvu. Kumachitika ndi kuphwanya akulu ndi galimoto dongosolo - ndiye mwana pang'ono kapena kwathunthu womangika kayendedwe, kusokoneza mgwirizano. Pafupifupi peresenti 70-85 ana oziziritsa ziwalo kulankhula chakhungu (ndi mwina sakukhudzidwa kapena palibe kwathunthu). Kwa ana ena pali kugonjetsedwa kwa psyche, mu zina - strabismus kapena vuto la maso. Wina nayenso m'munsili matenda -. Khunyu, hydrocephalus, etc. Ambiri mwa ana amenewa ndi chisokonezo osakaniza osiyanasiyana. Ndiko kuti, matenda mwana aliyense chimaoneka payekha. Kuyitana umodzi matenda akuti oziziritsa ziwalo, madokotala apeza pali njira zingapo. Ndipo kuopsa matenda CNS anapha mwana kudzadalira moyo wake ndi mwayi munthu.

Mu America, khunyu la ubongo amapezeka ana 1-2 pa 1,000 kubereka moyo. Mu Russia tilibe ziŵerengero enieni, koma ife zochitika, malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, 6-12 (!) Ana pa 1,000.

N'chifukwa chiyani ana ndi khunyu la ubongo?

Lero lino, madotolo dzina zimayambitsa ambiri a khunyu la ubongo ana. Pankhaniyi, malo oyamba iwo kuika patsogolo ngati kugonjetsedwa ubongo yoopsa akali utero, kuonetsa zinthu zoposa 400, monga matenda aakulu pachimake akuchikazi, wothandizila opatsirana, zizolowezi zoipa pakati kapena atate mwana, ndipo ngakhale maganizo kusapeza! Koma lero, pa mlingo wokweretsa cha matenda a kuvutika yoopsa, kulephera kwa zifukwa izi ndi zoonekeratu!

Chitsanzo cha umboni angatchedwe osachepera chakuti kubadwa mwa ana Kaisara gawo, n'zosathandiza matenda a khunyu la ubongo. Ndipo ngakhale matenda amayi (mtima, endocrine, ubongo, ndipo ngakhale oziziritsa ziwalo), nephropathy kapena toxicosis mimba, padera ndi zinthu zina.

A ndalama rodostimuliruyuschih akhala akugwiritsidwa ntchito kunja kuyambira 50s, ndi dziko lathu - kuyambira chiyambi cha 60s, ndi dziko lathu iwo ntchito mosatonthozeka ndi kulikonse. Ndipo kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ndipo ndinayamba awonetse kuwonjezeka lakuthwa chiwerengero cha ana ndi khunyu la ubongo.

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe oziziritsa ziwalo mlengi wa akuti, kudawala XIX mu ubongo. Little, wotchedwa hypoxia pa ntchito (akusowa mpweya) ndi zoopsa kubadwa, kuwononga mwana ubongo.

Choncho, kuchuluka kwa zaka zaposachedwapa ana ndi khunyu la ubongo limanena kuti ambiri vuto lobadwa. Zimenezi, chikugwirizana mwachindunji ndi rodostimulyatsii.

Pobadwa ayenera kukhala thupi (i.e. yachibadwa) zomwe pali mgwirizano pafupi. Choyamba contractions kukonzekera chiberekero azikhala - kutsegula khomo pachibelekeropo ndi ngalande kubadwa zakonzedwa. Mwachibadwa, mwanayo kubadwa ngalande mutu ndi kufupi (amuzolengedwa ndi biophysical) mgwirizano ndi mayi amakonzekera kubadwa. Mutu mwana zikusintha kwa ngalande kubadwa kukula, chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa chigaza mafupa mankhwala ana.

Mphamvu anabadwa mwana zakudya zofunikira ndi mpweya kudutsa mu chingwe umbilical ndi nsengwa ndi mayi, kuti mathamangitsidwe aliyense wa ndondomeko kubadwa mosavuta kusokoneza mgwirizano wa mayi ndi mwana mu ndondomeko ambiri a kubadwa. Komano masiku ano, mu obstetrics linasintha thandizo pobereka ndi phukusi aukali mu ndondomeko ya ntchito zosafunika njira koopsa.

Pano pali njira chachikulu cha phukusi mu masoka njira za pobereka:

1) kubaya kuwira ndi madzimadzi amniotic pasadafike. Chifukwa, pa ntchito, mutu wa mwanayo yavulala chifukwa mafupa mayi m'chiuno monga kuwira wodzazidwa ndi nthawi inayake ntchito monga "absorber mantha" - bola ngati mutu wa mwanayo ndi kukonzekera ndime ya ngalande kubadwa.

2) mofulumira (kapena yokumba kupatsidwa ulemu) yobereka mankhwala kapena njira ina mwana wokonzedwera kwa ndime ya ngalande kubadwa. Pa zochitika zimenezi, mwana mutu choipa a ngalande kubadwa.

3) kukondoweza kwa contractions ntchito oxytocin pamene ndi mankhwala ena, kuchititsa mwana amalandira choipa osati, ndi kuwonjezera, ndi hypoxia - kusowa mpweya ndi chakudya (makamaka ubongo). Ndipotu, ndi wina chidule, chifukwa spasms wa mitsempha mwauzimu, kubweza kapena mabasi magazi mu nsengwa ndi. A contractions analimbikitsa (yambiri pa nthawi ndi mphamvu) kusokoneza mgwirizano wa zimachitika pakati pa mayi ndi mwana. Zotsatira Hypoxia mu kuwonongeka kwa endothelium wa capillaries ndi mkhutu kudziletsa lamulo la ubongo mwana ubongo. Chifukwa cha kuthamanga venous ndi nthenda yotaya magazi ukuwonjezeka ubongo. Izi ndi zinthu zonse zimene zimayambitsa ubongo kuwononga mwana: edema, kukha mwazi ischemia. Ndiko kuti, ndi chinthu chachikulu chomwe khunyu la ubongo.

A mwana mofulumira zachilengedwe pobereka ndondomeko afika oopsa ubongo. Ndipo chifukwa cha ichi, ana awa pambuyo pa kubadwa ndipo amaoneka hemi tetroparezy, dystonia, spasticity, ataxia, hyperkinesis, kupindika kwa thunthu, nkhope ndi malekezero, kusawona bwino, imfa kumva, ndipo hydrocephalus.

chakuti chikuchititsa mavuto a oziziritsa ziwalo - hypoxia ndi zoopsa kubadwa pa kupatsidwa ulemu ntchito, chikutsimikizira zochitika za pa: anyamata ndi khunyu la ubongo ndi ambiri nthawi 1.3 kuposa atsikana. 3/4 milandu yoopsa ndiponso zolimbitsa quadriplegia ndi anyamata nawo pa matenda a khunyu la ubongo. Chifukwa chiyani? Chifukwa mutu wabadwa anyamata zambiri ndi zazikulu kuposa atsikana, kotero zoopsa anyamata kubadwa ndi hypoxia kutumikiridwa pa kubadwa zobwera ndi pafupipafupi.

Tiyeni tipange omaliza. Kuchepetsa kufala kwa khunyu la ubongo m'pofunika kupereka ulemu wapadera mchitidwe obstetrics, alipo mu dziko lathu.

Pambuyo mfundo obstetric imene ntchito tsopano - chachilengulengu, osamveka ndipo alibe kuganizira kuthekera kwa kuwonongeka kwa dongosolo chapakati mantha a mwanayo chifukwa kukondoweza amenewa. Motero, kuvutika ndicho ana: kuchedwa galimoto kapena chitukuko kulankhula, kuyambira akuyenda tiptoe (chifukwa cha kamvekedwe adakulabe mu flexors imayima) ndi pamaso mapangidwe khunyu la ubongo, kumva ndi masomphenya, hydrocephalic ndi khunyu syndromes, ADHD (a amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana kwa mwamphamvu, anali anamuona pa 35% ya ana lero), matenda dongosolo autonomic mantha m'njira zosiyanasiyana, kapena retardation maganizo kuti satha kulankhula bwinobwino.

Choncho, m'pofunika kuwonjezera udindo zakambidwa obstetric kubadwa ndi patsogolo boma la mwanayo. Today zimayambitsa khunyu la ubongo ndi kumphatikiza ndi ntchito za mzamba kutenga yobereka. Izi zimachitika chifukwa ife si ntchito yeniyeni njira zimenezi matenda, monga Kujambula ndi CT aone yomweyo pambuyo pa kubadwa kwa mwana, ndipo pambali, ndi matenda ana kayendedwe zambiri kumaonekera mpaka kumapeto wakale kapena mtsogolo wa zaka moyo wawo woyamba.

Tip: Muyenera kukatenga wabwino, odalirika azamba chifukwa kasamalidwe ntchito. Boma ayenera liletse Kukwezeleza pobereka pa anthu mwaunyinji. Ayenera mosamalitsa anatengedwa kupita rodostimulyatsii chifukwa zikutanthauza kusiya kugwiritsa ntchito zawo. Komanso, akonzekeretse iliyonse elektrosredstvami kuchipatala polojekiti apitirize kugunda kwa mtima ndi uterine ntchito mwanayo, amene adzatumikira monga kupewa hypoxia ndi kukuthandizani kusankha njira yoyenera ya kasamalidwe yobereka. M'pofunikanso akonzekeretse zipangizo kuchipatala CT ndi Kujambula diagnostics - imeneyi itithandiza kudziwa zotheka choipa ubongo m'nyengo yoyambirira, ndi kukuza chithandizo. Ndipo kwenikweni chifukwa Moms: m'masiku oyambirira a kufunika mwanayo anati mu katswiriyu wabwino. ana nthawi zina amapezeka ndi "kuopseza ndi khunyu la ubongo," ndipo akhoza kuchiritsidwa, chifukwa mu chaka choyamba cha mavuto ambiri ubongo zingathe kuthetsedwa. Chinthu chachikulu apa - musaphonye nthawi.