Kodi mukudziwa chimene Cyrillic chiri?

Kulemba kwa Russian kuli ndi mbiri yake yokha ya mapangidwe ndi zilembo zake, zomwe ziri zosiyana kwambiri ndi Chilatini chomwecho chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mayiko ambiri a ku Ulaya. Chilembo cha Chirasha ndi Chisiloli, makamaka ndondomeko yake yamakono, yosinthidwa. Koma tiyeni tisapite patsogolo.

Kotero, kodi Cyrillic ndi chiyani? Ili ndilo zilembo zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito m'zinenero zina za Slavic, monga Chiyukireniya, Russian, Bulgarian, Belarusian, Serbian, Macedonian. Monga mukuonera, tanthawuzoli ndi lophweka.

Mbiri ya zilembo za chi Cyrilli imayamba mbiri yake m'zaka za zana la 9, pamene mfumu ya Byzantine Michael III inalamula kulengedwa kwa zilembo zatsopano kwa Aslav, kuti adziwe okhulupirira achipembedzo malemba.

Ulemu kulenga zilembo zoterezi zinapita kwa omwe amatchedwa "mbale wa abale" - Cyril ndi Methodius.

Koma kodi izi zimatipatsa yankho la funsoli, kodi Cyrillic ndi chiyani? Mbali, inde, komabe palinso mfundo zochititsa chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, mfundo yakuti zilembo za chi Cyrilli zimachokera palemba lachi Greek. Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti mothandizidwa ndi makalata ena a chiwerengero cha zilembo za Cyrillic. Kwa ichi, dzina lachidziwitso la diacritic-linayikidwa pamwamba pa kuphatikiza kwa makalata.

Ponena za kufalikira kwa zilembo za Cyrillic, zinangobwera kwa Asilavo okha omwe adalandira Chikristu. Mwachitsanzo, ku Bulgaria zilembo zinenero zinayambira mu 860, patatha Chibulgaria Tsar Boris atatenga Chikristu. Kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la zana lachisanu ndi chimodzi chilembo cha Cyrillic chiloŵera ku Serbia, ndipo patatha zaka zana kumadera a Kievan Rus.

Pamodzi ndi zilembo zimayamba kufalikira ndi mabuku a mpingo, kumasuliridwa kwa Uthenga Wabwino, Baibulo, mapemphero.

Ndipotu, izi zikuwonekeratu zomwe zilembo za Cyrillic ndi kumene zinachokera. Koma kodi watifikira mu mawonekedwe ake apachiyambi? Ayi. Mofanana ndi zinthu zina zambiri, kulembera kwasinthika komanso chilankhulidwe chathu ndi chikhalidwe chathu.

Zilembo zamakono za Chiyrilli zinataya zina mwazolemba ndi makalata mwazochitika zosiyanasiyana. Choncho zinasokoneza zizindikiro monga dilemiti, iso, kamora, malembo ndi yer, yot, yaikulu ndi yaing'ono, izhitsa, fita, psi ndi ksi. M'zinenero zamakono za Cyrilli muli makalata 33.

Kuphatikiza apo, ziwerengero zosawerengeka sizinagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali, zinasinthidwa kwathunthu ndi ziwerengero za Chiarabu. Baibulo lamakono lachi Cyrilli ndi losavuta komanso lothandiza kwambiri kusiyana ndi lomwe linali zaka chikwi zapitazo.

Kotero, kodi Cyrillic ndi chiyani? Zilembo zamakono, zopangidwa ndi olemekezeka a amonke a Cyril ndi Methodius pa malamulo a Tsar Michael III. Mwa kukhala ndi chikhulupiriro chatsopano, sitidalandira miyambo yatsopano, mulungu watsopano komanso chikhalidwe, komanso malemba ofotokozera, mabuku ambiri omwe amamasuliridwa kuti ndi a tchalitchi omwe anakhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali okha ndiwo mabuku omwe anthu a ku Kievan Rus angaphunzire.

M'kupita kwa nthawi komanso pansi pa zochitika zosiyanasiyana, zilembo zinasinthika, zowonjezeka, komanso makalata ndi zizindikiro zosafunika ndi zosafunikira. Zilembedwe Zachi Hebri zomwe timagwiritsa ntchito lero ndi zotsatira za masamorphoses onse omwe achitika zaka zoposa chikwi cha kukhalapo kwa zilembo za Slavic.