Kodi kuona Kaliningrad? Osungirako zinthu zakale, zipilala, mbiri, zithunzi

Ngati inu kuti Kaliningrad - ndi Russian enclave likulu ndi likulu la kwambiri kumadzulo dera la dziko lathu - ziri ngati kuti anene chirichonse. Mzindawu ukutchedwa zenera ku Ulaya, koma sindizo zonse. Odalirika magazini "Kommersant", wokwanira ndi kusanja wapachaka wa mizinda yabwino ya Russia, Kaliningrad ali kupereka malo oyamba zaka zitatu zapitazi. Malinga ndi buku Forbes, ndi zinthu zabwino mu dziko kuchita malonda. Komiti Yomanga Yachigawo adamutchanso mzinda wokongola kwambiri wa Kaliningrad Russia. Kodi chokopa alendo? Ine sindikufuna kuonedwa ngati ndinena kuti wapadera chithumwa mzinda amapereka chisakanizo cha zikhalidwe - Western European ndi Asilavo. Nkhaniyi ndi momwe zinthu kuona Kaliningrad ndi dera kwa masiku angapo.

Kayendedwe

Ambiri ofuna kuona Amber m'mphepete mwa mantha kuti dera ndi enclave. Ndiko kuti, alibe malire dziko ndi Russia. Kuchokera kumpoto ndi kum'mawa izo malire ndi Lithuania ndi kumwera - ndi Poland. Choncho, pali funso za kukhalapo pasipoti alendo, ndipo ngakhale ndi chitupa cha visa chikapezeka lapansi. Koma zimenezi zikugwira ntchito kokha milandu kumene mwapita sitima, basi kapena galimoto anu. Mwachibadwa, pasipoti ndege si chofunika: chifukwa inu ikuyenda mwa dziko lawo. Ndipo musaiwale kuti kumadzulo Kaliningrad, zithunzi zomwe inu mwinamwake anawona pa posters, m'malire Baltic Sea. Izi zimathandiza kuti kumalire a Amber pa madzi. Inu mukhoza kutenga ulendo chidwi pa sitima sitima "Georg Ots" ku St. Petersburg kapena kusambira mu losavuta mwakwera boti. M'dera Kaliningrad, anthu ambiri ku Russia sapita kuona kuona ndi kugula magalimoto. Chotero shopu maulendo kunapangitsa njanji mu Chilituyaniya ofesi ya kazembe. Tengani pasenjala chitupa cha visa chikapezeka kuti apite ku enclave Russian popanda vuto.

Pamphambano ya

mzinda umenewu wakhala maina ambiri: Tuvangste, Konigsberg, Krulevets, Kunnengsgarbs, Knigsberg, Karaliautsius ndipo potsiriza, Kaliningrad. Mbiri ya mzinda kunayamba Ages Middle. Kamodzi pa mbalambanda, pa gombe la mtsinje Pregel, kunali midzi atatu Prussian. anthu anali makamaka zikugwira nsomba ndi nsomba salting. Mu 1255 ndi Teutonic Knights anamanga pafupi ndi mudzi - Tuvangste - wamphamvu linga. Citadel ankatchedwa Koenigsberg polemekeza Mfumu ya Bohemia Ottokar II Premysl. Kenako dzina kufalitsa onse ophatikizidwa pamodzi midzi nsomba. Dziwani German anthu zodabwitsa: pambuyo pa zonse, Konigsberg anamasuliridwa kwenikweni monga "achifumu phiri", ndipo akutchedwa monga gombe otsika Pregel n'komwe. Koma tikumbukire kuti dzina la linga anapereka Prussians chiyambi Gothic. The etymology wa dzina la malo, ofufuza zambiri zokhudza dzina la "Royal Beach". Mzinda ndi Teutonic Knights anadza kwa kulemera zachuma, iye anali kudziŵika kokha kwa anansi yapafupi. Iwo anamasulira dzina Königsberg m'zinenero zawo. Pa Russian mapu akale nthawi ya Peter Wamkulu, iye ali pa mndandanda wa Korolevets. Pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, Königsberg anali pafupifupi inawonongedwa ndi asilikali a Soviet. Liberators kuti kufalikira bwino mbali iyi, ndi dzina la mzinda anabwera ndi mzake. Pa July 4, 1946, Königsberg anadzatchedwa Kaliningrad. Ichi chidachitika kuti azikumbukira wandale Soviet. Ndicho, Mikhail Kalinin. Kuyambira pamenepo, mzinda amakhala pansi dzina latsopano.

Kodi kuona Kaliningrad kwa maola angapo

Ancient Koenigsberg akhoza kuyendera umasinthasintha. Am'deralo kuti iwowo ndisanaphunzire zokopa onse mumzindawo. Koma mukadzabwera kwa tsiku, ndipo nazo monga maola angapo - palibe vuto. City ulendo adzalola kuti mukuona malo amene zikuchitikira chachikulu ndi kuphunzira zosangalatsa za mbiri ya mpanda wolimba wa Konigsberg ndi Amber Coast. Ndiyeno inu mukhoza kuyenda pa malo anu okondedwa kuti akatemera chidwi umo_mosangalala kukayenda mwa Altstadt - Old Town. Mmenemo mukapeza pubs ambiri ndi malo omwera, masitolo ndi masitolo kachikumbutso. Kumva ululu mzimu wa Europe, sindikukana nokha zosangalatsa wa kapu ya khofi ndi mitanda zokoma kudela Confectionery akale. chakudya A adzachita kuti Konigsberg klopsami - pokhapokha, ndithudi, simuli zamasamba. Kenako tipite kwa Kant chilumba pa mlatho okonda, kwathunthu anapachika ndi akhwatchitsa. A kutenga nawo monga kusowa kachikumbutso bokosi la marzipan. Izi lokoma amondi mankhwala - zowoneka wapadera mumzinda wa Kaliningrad.

Museum Night, kapena pamene iwo abwera

mzinda uwu ali zakale ambiri, ndipo ena a iwo, monga Amber Museum, nyanja dziko ndi sitima zapamadzi B-413, ndi wapadera. ntchito ya Kaliningrad Museum Night unayambitsidwa mu 2006. Kuyambira pamenepo, chaka chilichonse pa azisangalalo ena akachisi onse a chikhalidwe mzinda bwino akutsegula zitseko zake alendo komanso ntchito usana ndi usiku. chochitika limodzi ndi zoimbaimba msewu, zisudzo, zisudzo ed ndi zisudzo za mbiri kukonzanso enactors. Mu 2014, izi Night Museum unachitikira pa May 16-17. Kotero kukonza tsogolo. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, kuchuluka kwa alendo, m'pofunika buku hotelo pasadakhale kapena kubwereka nyumba yarenti. Chabwino, kupatulapo Kaliningrad Museum Night, mzinda bwino pitani ku kasupe mochedwa ndi chilimwe. Weather amasangalala chabwino tsiku, madzulo mochedwa. Mu Kaliningrad ena, zochitika chimodzimodzi chidwi. Mwachitsanzo, bungwe la International Jazz Festival. Chilimwe - nthawi wangwiro kufufuza zowoneka a Kaliningrad ndi dera. Ndikhulupirireni, chikhalidwe kumpoto kwa Curonian Malovu ndi wokongola, ndi kuchuluka kwa nyumba m'chigawo cha chabe zoipa.

Mbiri ya m'linga

Kodi kuona Kaliningrad mu malo oyamba? Zedi mokwanira, linga. citadel Izi sangathe kuphonya, ngakhale anasiya malo ake chimodzi - chapakati lalikulu. Ichi ndi cholinga, tinganene kuti mtima wa mzinda. Ngati si ake, mwina kudzakhala ndi Kaliningrad, ndi pakadakhalabe midzi nsomba atatu. Iwo anatenga Knights kwa ansembe pa gombe ili kumpoto? Mfundo ndi kuti m'chiyambi cha m'ma XIII, izo akadali anthu akunja. Papa anatchedwa nkhondo zomenyera m'dziko, kutembenuka kwa Chikatolika wa Prussians. Zachikunja za anthu a m'deralo Aaborijini kuchita Knights Templar ansembe a dongosolo, ndi ndalama asilikali yokonzedwa Mfumu ya Bohemia Ottokar II Premysl. Polemekeza Nyumbayi wake, chomwe anachipanga mu 1255 ndipo anaitana Koenigsberg. Poyamba, anali ndi mtengo. Koma iye nthawi zonse anamanganso kukhalabe luso kuteteza. Ndipotu koposa angwiro zida. Chifukwa cha zojambulidwa ambiri anaonekera wamphamvu citadel. Komanso, pafupi ndi mzinda wa forts zinamangidwa kuti asalalikire ndi pasadakhale zotheka mdani Koenigsberg. Apa anali magulu zojambula za akatswiri a ku Ulaya, kusonkhanitsa zadothi ndi siliva, owonetsera zakale zofukula m'mabwinja ntchito. Apa panali nthawi yotsiriza kuona anthu wotchuka Amber Malo, amene wasowa mosadziwika panthawi ya nkhondo. Ndi kutulutsidwa kwa mzinda Nyumbayi iye wavulala kwambiri, ndipo kumasokoneza mu 1969 akuimbidwa ndi ankaiphwasula. Tsopano pali imachitika zofukulidwa m'mabwinja, ndi wapadera kuonerera sitimayo ali okonzeka alendo.

Castle ndi tawuni

Zoti kuwona Kaliningrad komanso kumene kupita patsogolo, muyenera kudziwa udindo ankaimba ndi mzinda ya kulinga. Pansi pa mthunzi wa Templar Order, onse atatu a m'mudzi anayamba kutukuka. Pang'onopang'ono mwapatsidwa ufulu mzinda (mu 1286, 1300 ndi 1327 zaka.) Pakutha pa XIV m'ma Altstadt, Neustadt ndi Kneiphof ophatikizidwa, ndi Konigsberg anagwirizana ndi Hanseatic League (ndi analogue a apano Area Trade Free). M'zaka za m'ma XV, chitukuko zachuma zafika pamlingo wotere kotero kuti Zosintha nyumba yake apa Grand Mwini Teutonic Order. M'zaka za m'ma XVI, Albrecht Hohenzollern akupanga ulidi mu duchy yolembedwa. Mpaka 1675, ndi m'manja mwa Poland. Ndi gawo ake m'zaka XVIII, pali anapanga osiyana ufumu Prussian. Kodi Gothic kumadzulo anapita ku mkhalidwe wathu? Mpaka 1945 Koenigsberg madera ozungulira anali gawo la Germany monga m'chigawo cha East Prussia. Nkhondo itatha, malinga ndi chigamulo cha msonkhano Potsdam, malowa lonse ceded kuti Soviet Union, ndipo patatha chaka mudziwo anadzatchedwa Kaliningrad.

tchalitchi

Monga mukuonera, mzinda ndi linga chimasonyeza zikulumikizana chikhalidwe ndi chuma. ikuimira kupambana wa Chikatolika anali Cathedral, amene tsopano imakongoletsa Kaliningrad. Photos wa nyumba wamkuluyu inu mukuona apa. Maziko a tchalitchi, Bishop Johannes Clara mu 1333. Kachisi anadzipereka kwa Namwali Mariya ndi St Adalbert, inamangidwa pa chilumba Kneiphof (tsopano Kant), pafupifupi hafu ya atumwi. Kamangidwe kamangidwe ka nyumbayi ukulamulira kumpoto Gothic, ngakhale pachiyambi anali ndi pathupi mbali za malinga ndi. Izi zikuonekera bwino ndi zomangamanga yamphamvu ya kum'mawa khoma mamita atatu wandiweyani. Kwa tchalitchi pamaso a Episcopal Palace ndi ana amasiyewo. zovuta unamangidwanso ndi ambuye a Luther Von Braunschweig ndi Vinrihe Kniprode maziko, komanso mu nthawi ya Duchy, pamene nyumba anapeza mbali ya kumpoto Kubadwa Kwatsopano. Pamene University Albertina (1544) anakhazikitsidwa mu Königsberg, aphunzitsi onse anayamba ndi ufulu okuti mpanda wa Cathedral lapansi. Wotchuka nzeru zapamwamba Immanuel Kant linali otsiriza, amene phulusa mpumulo mu 1804 mu sarcophagus wa wakuda lubwe, wazunguliridwa ndi mizati khumi. Komanso pano ali m'manda a Albrecht ndi banja lake. N'kulola imawonongeka kachisi nkhondo yokha inayamba mu 1990 ndipo ulipobe. Tsopano nyumba tchalitchi kugwira ntchito Orthodox ndi Achiprotestanti.

mudziwu

Kodi kuona Kaliningrad chidwi komabe? Mwamsanga pamene muli pa Kant chilumba, kuyenda pamodzi promenade ndi, akutama nyumba yakale ya University, ndi mtanda chosinthika ndi footbridge mtsinjewo. Inu udzachotsedwa m'mudzi nsomba anamanga mu 2006 pa malo kuthetsa akale German. Theka-timbered nyumba ndi madenga tiled kupereka fomu iyi zovuta za "Europe Little". Apa zili masitolo, nyumba za Alendo nsomba, psuu turret "Mayak" ndipo ngakhale hotelo "woyendetsa bwatolo". misewu Village ali chokongoletsedwa ndi nyali chikondi, mabenchi omasuka, chidwi ziboliboli. No ukwati mu mzinda uli wathunthu popanda chithunzi mphukira mu ngodya iyi momasuka. M'chaka ku Marina Mtsinje Station katerki kupita kukayenda pa Pregel. Kusiya Usodzi Village, nyamukani kufufuza zipilala ena. Kaliningrad - mzinda wamakono, koma akhoza kudzitama kuti ukhalebe zipata akale. Ndipotu, izi makomo mipanda yolimba kwambiri kwa Königsberg akale ali angapo. Koma mtundu kwambiri kuzindikira za chizindikiro cha mzindawo ndi Brandenburg Chipata. apadera lagona pa choona kuti iwo akadali kupitiriza ntchito yake. Chipata chokongoletsedwa ndi zithunzi sculpted wa okonzanso ndi zithunzi asilikali. Iwo wotchedwa choncho chifukwa poyamba adaimira kuti akwaniritse chinyumba cha dzina chomwecho.

zakale

Kodi aliyense mu zaka Königsberg (tsopano Kaliningrad) zokopa? Amber Museum ndi pa milomo aliyense. Malowa ali pamtunda m'mbali mwa nyanja Aakulu, mu mzindawo. Akapita chionetsero wake, mungaphunzire osati za gawo dziko lonse la Amber, komanso zambiri za gizmos zodabwitsa za "mwala dzuwa". Amisiri kwa zaka katswiri luso la mankhwala la utomoni anaumitsa wa mitengo ya mbiri isanayambe, ndipo izi Tingaone ndi kuyang'ana pa chilichonse zodzikongoletsera sitolo kapena ogulitsa mphatso. World Ocean Museum mu Kaliningrad, nayenso, ndi wapadera. Ndi chionetsero yekha mu Russia, kwathunthu wodzipereka marinistike. M'nyumbayi chinamasulidwa mu 1990, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, zosonkhanitsira wake wa zomera zam'madzi ndi zomera ndi kudzadza zonse.

Kaliningrad Art Gallery wanyamula m'zipinda awo a ntchito zoposa zikwi khumi chosema, kupenta ndi kukongoletsa luso zinthu. Königsberg Zoo imatengedwa wamkulu mu Russia. Iwo chinamasulidwa mu 1896 ndi German wofuna kuthandiza Hermann dzina lake Klaas. Pa nthawi imeneyo, zosonkhanitsira inkakhala nyama 900 ndi mitundu 260 ya mbalame. Kwa zaka zoposa m'zaka za kukhalako zinyama kukhudzana wakhala kuwonjezeka bwinobwino. M'nyumbayi "sitima zapamadzi" mu Kaliningrad ali zambiri pa chitukuko panyanja m'dziko lathu. The sitima zapamadzi B-413 mu 1997 inali yololedwa amene anapuma pantchito ndipo n'kukhala Museum. Konigsberg nthawizonse kutchedwa mzinda linga. malinga ake amphamvu Nthawi osiyana tsopano unasanduka Museum. Mungathe kuyenda ulendo Kaliningrad mabusa ndi kuona forts kuti kamodzi oletsedwa momwe mdani mu mzinda. Awo seventini, koma kuti zakukhudzani, osachepera zokwanira kuyenderana. Konigsberg anakhala poonekera kumenyana aukali pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. Za zochitika nkhani owonetsera zakale zisudzo "pa bwato", "Lamulo positi nambala 43," Nkhani BBB, "Fort nambala 5".

The Curonian Malovu

Ngati inu kale anaganiza funso choti chidwi mu Kaliningrad, ndi nthawi yoti mupite malire a mzinda. M'chigawo kwambiri wa nyumba zakale anatisiyira cholowa cha Teutons pankhondo. Sangaunyalanyaze chikhalidwe zodabwitsa za Curonian Malovu ndi nkhalango yake yapadera kuvina. Mu kamphindi, mitengo anayamba unakhota. Chifukwa khalidwe la nkhalango mpaka palibe sayansi akhoza kuthetsa. Izi chilumba mchenga wa mumchenga ngakhale m'gulu mndandanda UNESCO. National Park anatsegula pa dera la malovu a.