Kodi kukhala handrails kwa anthu olumala? Pa msinkhu ndi awiri a handrails zimene ayenera wolemala (GOST)

Ngati anthu ankakhala wokalamba kwambiri ndi kukhala wathanzi nthawi yomweyo, dziko lonse anthu sikukakhala kofunikira kukonza ndi kugwiritsa osiyanasiyana Chalk kuti moyo mosavuta odwala ndi chisokonezo kugwira ntchito kwa minofu ndi mafupa dongosolo. Mwina kwambiri ophweka, koma n'kofunika wayamba chipangizo monga handrails anthu olumala.

Chifukwa njanji?

Kawirikawiri, handrails, kuthandiza anthu ndi wotsikirapo zoyendayenda, ndi structural zinthu mipanda, amene anapereka ndi masitepe ndi ndiziwunda mwachibadwa, amene ntchito kupereka thandizo pa kupsyolela makolo kapena chitunda. M'mayiko onse kudziletsa kulemekeza European amaona kuti ndi udindo wawo ngakhale pa kapangidwe ndi ntchito yomanga nyumba za boma ndi mafakitale kusamalira kupezeka kwa zinthu zimenezi kwa anthu olumala. Kuwapatsa zida nyumba ndi maofesi handrails momveka bwino kuti mwini nyumba kapena lendi wake amasamalira chitonthozo makasitomala ake onse popanda yekha. zomangamanga zoyendera ayeneranso cholinga kutenga nkhani chakuti zidzagwiritsidwanso ntchito ndi anthu ndi wotsikirapo kuyenda.

Amayika unsembe kuvomerezedwa handrails

nyumbayi akuti ndi zogwirizana mfundo zonse European, ngati ulendo wonse wa munthu ndi kuchepetsedwa kuyenda limodzi ndi khoma wokwera wake handrails kwa anthu olumala, kuwapangitsa kuti kusamalira popanda thandizo. Iwo ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi amenewa structural zinthu masitepe ndi ndiziwunda. Pankhaniyi, ndi zofunika kuika kuchinga pa misanje awiri: 70 cm - owerenga wilutcheya, 90 cm - chifukwa wotsagana ndi anthu ena onse. N'kotheka, othandiza awa ayenera kupatsidwa malo onse ankabwerera okhala. Yabwino - ndi pamene munthu wolumala ntchito handrail akhoza bwinobwino muziyendayenda nyumba, ngakhale mdima.

ukutitsimikizira chitetezo

Handrails anthu olumala adzakhala kwathunthu otetezeka ndi yabwino pokhapokha ngati unsembe ntchito wakhala katswiri zaka zambiri m'munda umenewu. Only munthu woteroyo mphamvu oyendetsa molondola zosiyanasiyana zitsanzo zilipo ogula handrails ndi kusankha njira zomwe ndi zoyenerera pa wina kasitomala. Ndipotu, mu ndondomeko kusankha ayenera kuganizira mfundo zingapo zofunika imodzi: unsembe malo, malo malo ndi makhalidwe munthu wa wosuta - munthu akhoza kukhala mkulu kapena otsika, woonda kapena zonse, kuti amuchotse paokha kapena mu chikuku. Kuti layman a mitundu magawo onsewa n'kovuta kwambiri.

Komanso lero, ogula zimaperekedwa awiri Mabaibulo a zii:

1. Okonzeka lokhala wa fasteners. Ali ndi mwayi kuti iwo akhoza wokwera pa malo aliyense akufuna, chifukwa kukonza khoma zosiyanasiyana zipangizo.

2. Popanda fasteners. Sangalalani zochepa anthu, chifukwa iwo ayenera kusankha phiri anu. Komanso mtengo wa njanji pansipa.

Only katswiri umatha amayang'anitsitsa "ubwino" zonse ndi "kuipa", ndi kupereka mmalo imodzi kapena njira zina zimene adzaonetsetsa chitonthozo ndi mayiko pa nkhani iliyonse.

Zosintha zotheka chikuku handrails kwa mabafa

Ndi handrails kuvomerezedwa mu malawi olumala ayenera akhale okonzeka ndi bafa. Kuchoka zofuna zachilengedwe - ndondomeko lapamtima, ndiponso kuli anthu bwino kwambiri ndi ntchito zochepa galimoto angamvere ngati iye amakhoza kupita ku chimbudzi paokha, popanda thandizo.

Malinga ndi dera m'zipinda madzi ndi mphamvu thupi la wodwalayo, handrails anthu olumala ku chimbudzi lokhazikika kapena kungomanga zikhoza kukhazikitsidwa. Choyamba, monga ulamuliro, angathe kuikidwa malo ndi malo okhala okwanira. Childs, kwa omasuka ndi yabwino dongosolo la chimbudzi kwa olumala kungafune 3-4 handrail pa mfundo zosiyanasiyana mu chipinda.

Lopinda handrail kwa olumala anaika mu mabafa malo ochepa amene osati kuchepetsa mpata kale ochepa.

Chimbudzi anthu olumala

Kusintha khalidwe la umoyo wa anthu ndi zinthu yafupika sayenda ano kuikira msika angathe kupereka mndandanda wa zipangizo. Izi zikhoza kukhala ndi nozzle pa mbale chimbudzi kapena wopanda njanji. Ngati chikhalidwe cha munthu kotero kuti sangathe anasamukira ku bafa angagule mipando chimbudzi. Makonda a woyamba kapena Yachiwiri zikhazikitsidwe Khadili thanzi la munthu wolumala, msinkhu wake, mwayi amene akumusamalira, kukula bafa, mphamvu zake luso. Mwachitsanzo, zingakhale zokwanira kukhala ndi nozzle, ndipo nthawi zina popanda chimbudzi mpando.

zofunikira ku chimbudzi anthu olumala

Chimbudzi cha anthu olumala ndi handrails angadwale kutalika kwa mpando ndipo ayenera kukhala ndi makhalidwe ena:

1. Mphamvu (kukhalabe olimba kulemera kwa makilogalamu 136).

2. ukhondo (zipangizo amenewa malangizo ayenera mosavuta kutsukidwa mwa madzi, sopo kapena ufa).

3. inertness kuthirira.

4. sayenda (otsika kulemera, kukhoza disassemble ndi zoyendera ngati n'koyenera).

5. Bata (kulephera kuzembera, yolimba chikukonzekera).

6. amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwanjira (akhoza adzaikidwa pa chilichonse muyezo kuikira mawonekedwe).

7. Nozzle ndi handrails cholinga ndi malamulo onse a ergonomics.

malamulo Basic

zinthu Design monga handrails kwa anthu olumala, unsembe wawo ndi Lamulo malamulo awiri: GOST R51261-99 ndi SNIP 35-01-2001. Mapale onse magawo kofunika mwachindunji mwatsatanetsatane handrail (mawonekedwe, zinkakhala sikololeka kuti popanga zipangizo handrail). Compliance ndi zofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito otetezeka ndi omasuka wa ndiziwunda olumala ndi zimbudzi anthu. Eni nyumba kwathunthu kudziteteza ku chilango cha kuswa lamulo "Pa zodzitetezera pa umoyo wa invalids latsopano la Russia."

Zofunikira za mfundo za boma ndipo SNIP ndi handrail kwa olumala

Fomu handrails anthu olumala ayenera zingasiyane osati tiganizira zokongoletsa. Muyeneranso kuganizira mayiko ndi chitetezo pa ntchito. GOST handrails kwa olumala amalola yopanga zitsulo tubular. Chigawo mtanda wa chitoliro mwina zozungulira, lalikulu kapena anayi. Yolakwika mapeto yokhota kumapeto handrail ayenera ndikupeza, ndi Chigawo kapena lathyathyathya pulagi. Ulamuliro zofunika - luso la kumvetsa bwinobwino zinthu dzanja.

Muyezo kutalika kwa handrails kwa anthu olumala ndi mu osiyanasiyana kuchokera masentimita 70 1 m. Pankhani masitepe ndi ndiziwunda, mtunda wa pakati handrails adzakhala osachepera 1 mamita njinga ya anasamukira popanda vuto ndi mavuto. Ntchito kupanga machubu a amakona anayi -gawo mtanda kapena zozungulira. Amakona anayi anagubuduza ayenera kukhala 25-30 mm kukula, ndi m'mimba mwake yozungulira handrail olumala akhale mu osiyanasiyana 30-50 mm. N'kotheka, zinthu izi ayenera kuchita masentimita 30 kupitirira njira loyamba ndi lomaliza la makwerero, munthu anacititsa pa lathyathyathya pamwamba, osati pakutayika pa yomweyo thandizo.

Kwa anthu ndi handrails masomphenya otsika akhale pachiyambi ndipo pamapeto amalembedwa ndi mtundu zosiyana (zambiri woyera kapena chikasu). Protections ayenera digiri yapamwamba ya moto kukana. Pofuna yakusankha limbikitsa zosamukira ana olumala, amapereka unsembe wa kuchinga handrail pa msinkhu wa masentimita 50.

Zida kupanga handrails

Zipangizo oyenera kupanga handrails chikuku, zokonda zapatsidwa kwa zosapanga dzimbiri. Kuteteza nyumba zitsulo ndi cholimba, ndi moyo wautali utumiki ndipo inert kwa zonse ukhondo chithandizo. Modzikhulupirira kuyeretsa wothandizila, thandizo limene disinfection tsiku ndi tsiku lavatories anthu, osati zoipa appreciable kwa chipongwe zitsulo. Komanso, zosapanga dzimbiri wakhala bwinobwino ntchito onse m'nyumba ndipo panja.

Katengedwe Mipiringidzo olumala - ndi mbali yaing'ono chabe zimene zingachititse anthu kukhala abwino kwa anthu olumala mwa ntchito locomotor mbali kutsatira mbali. Pamaso machenjerero oterewa wothandiza kuphunzitsa munthu mosatsata chikhalidwe, azidzidalira ndi luso.