Kodi dizilo? Mfundo ntchito chipangizo ndi makhalidwe luso injini dizilo

injini dizilo zachilendo m'galimoto anthu. zitsanzo zambiri ndi njira zosachepera imodzi mu galimoto osiyanasiyana. Ndipo ichi si monga magalimoto, mabasi ndi zida zomangamanga, kumene ntchito kulikonse. Komanso ankaganiza kuti zimenezi injini dizilo, kapangidwe mfundo opaleshoni, makhalidwe.

tanthauzo

makina ndi reciprocating mkati kuyaka injini, ntchito zomwe zachokera kudziletsa poyatsira wa mafuta atomized ku Kutentha kapena psinjika.

kapangidwe

The injini mafuta ali yemweyo zinthu structural ngati injini dizilo. Chiwembu ntchito akukhudzidwira ndi ofanana. kusiyana lagona mu mapangidwe mafuta osakaniza ndi kuyaka ake. Komanso, injini dizilo cholimba kwambiri mbali. Izi zimachitika chifukwa pafupifupi kawiri apamwamba psinjika chiŵerengero kuposa injini mafuta (19-24 vs. 9-11).

Gawo

Ndi kuyaka chipinda dongosolo kwa injini dizilo ndi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika embodiments ndi kuyaka chipinda osiyana ndi jekeseni mwachindunji.

Mbali yoyamba, chipinda kuyaka ndi wosiyana yamphamvu ndi njira chikugwirizana thereto. Pamene kulowa psinjika chipinda cha mmene kanyamaka-mtundu mpweya swirls kuti bwino kusakaniza mapangidwe ndi kuyaka lachibadwa, amene akuyamba nakhalabe kumeneko mu chipinda chachikulu. injini Dizilo wa mtundu uwu anali kale anawonjezera kuti magalimoto zonyamula chifukwa chakuti amasiyana phokoso otsika ndi osiyanasiyana yaikulu ya kusintha kwa embodiments inalongosola hereinafter.

Mu injini dizilo ndi mwachindunji mafuta jekeseni kuyaka chipinda ili mu pisitoni, ndi mafuta umaperekedwa kwa danga overpiston. Mapulani poyambirira ntchito pa otsika liwiro injini mkulu-buku. Iwo ndi mkulu mlingo wa phokoso ndi kugwedera, ndi mowa otsika mafuta. Kenako, mkubwela kwa kuthamanga mafuta mpope ndi ulamuliro pakompyuta ndi kukhathamiritsa kwa ndondomekoyi kuyaka, okonza mwakwaniritsa ntchito khola pa osiyanasiyana mpaka 4500 rpm. / Min. Kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, yafupika phokoso ndi kugwedera misinkhu. Mwa miyeso kuchepetsa kuuma ntchito - ndi predvprysk Mipikisano. Ndi injini ya mtundu analandira pa zaka ziwiri zapitazi, ambiri.

Ndi mfundo ya ntchito lagawidwa injini anayi sitiroko dizilo ndi ziwiri sitiroko, komanso injini mafuta. mbali zafotokozedwa pansipa.

Mfundo ntchito

Pofuna kumvetsa ndi zimene dizilo chifukwa zochititsa zinchito, m'pofunika kuganizira mfundo ntchito. Gawo pisitoni injini kuyaka mkati zochokera kuchuluka pamwamba pa m'zinthu m'gulu kayendedwe ka ntchito, zomwe n'kopanda ku ukulu ndi tiyipukuse njingayo.

Choncho anayi sitiroko injini ntchito mkombero limapangidwa 4 mbali.

• Inlet. Kumachitika pamene crankshaft ndi zimayenda kuchokera ° 0 mpaka 180. Mpweya umadutsa ndi yamphamvu lotsegula 345-355 ° vavu polowera. Imodzi nazo pa kasinthasintha wa crankshaft pa 10-15 ° lotseguka kubwereketsa valavu, ndilo lotchedwa alipo.
• Psinjika. The pisitoni kusunthira oposa pa 180-360 °, izo compresses mpweya nthawi 16-25 (psinjika) ndi valavu polowera chatsekedwa kumayambiriro kwa mkombero (pa 190-210 °).
• Sitiroko, kuwonjezeka. Zimachitika pa 360-540 °. Kumayambiriro kwa mkombero pamaso pa pisitoni ukufika pamwamba malo akufa, mafuta umaperekedwa kwa mpweya otentha ndipo akayaka. Izi ndi mbali ya injini dizilo, amene amasiyanitsa iwo ku mafuta, kumene nthawi poyatsira. Kumasulidwa pa kuyaka izi mankhwala kulikankhira pisitoni pansi. Panthawi imeneyi, nthawi kuyaka ndi wofanana ndi mafuta okwanira ake nozzle zimatha salinso kuposa nthawi ya anakhomedwa ntchito. Ndiko kuti, pamene ntchito kuthamanga ndondomeko mpweya ndi zonse, umene injini dizilo kukhala makokedwe kwambiri. Mbali ina yofunika ya injini awa ndi kufunika kwa mpweya owonjezera mu yamphamvu chifukwa lawi ali ndi gawo laling'ono la chipinda kuyaka. Ndiko kuti, osiyana chiwerengero cha kusakaniza mafuta mpweya.
• Kumasulidwa. Pa 540-720 ° tiyipukuse kutsegula utsi vavu pisitoni, kusunthira mmwamba, displaces utsi mpweya.

Ziwiri sitiroko mkombero losiyana magawo wamfupi ndi yunifolomu ndondomeko mpweya kuwombola mu yamphamvu (kuchotsa) zikuchitika pakati pa mapeto sitiroko ndi chiyambi cha psinjika. Pamene pisitoni ukusunthira pansi kuyaka katundu amachotsedwa mwa awatulutsira kapena mawindo (mpanda yamphamvu). Kenako lotseguka madoko polowera kwa madyedwe abwino mpweya. Pamene pisitoni likutuluka, mawindo onse atsekedwa ndi psinjika akuyamba. Pang'ono asanafike TDC mafuta jekeseni ndi akayaka, kuwonjezeka kwa wayamba.

Chifukwa zovuta wakuti yoyeretsa ya mmene kanyamaka chipinda injini awiri sitiroko ali mwachindunji-jekeseni yekha.

Ntchitoyo injini ngati nthawi 1.6-1.7 kuposa a mtundu dizilo makhalidwe anayi sitiroko. kukula anaonetsetsa kawiri zambiri pafupipafupi zolimbitsa zikwapu koma pang'ono yafupika chifukwa kukula ang'onoang'ono ndi atawapempherera kuti ayeretsedwe. makamaka zogwirizana ngati n'zosatheka kuwonjezeka pafupipafupi rotational chifukwa ziwiri sitiroko mkombero kawiri chiwerengero cha mkwapulo ntchito.

The vuto lalikulu la Motors izi ikuwomba chifukwa nthawi yake yochepa, amene sangathe kulipidwa popanda nsembe Mwachangu ndi zowononga anakwapulidwa. Komanso, n'zosatheka kugawanitsa utsi ndi mpweya wabwino, nchifukwa chake gawo la inawo atachotsedwa mpweya wa utsi. Vutoli ingathetse kupereka nthawi madoko utsi. Pankhaniyi, mipweya anayamba kuyeretsa pochotsa, ndipo pambuyo kutseka kumasulidwa yamphamvu wodzilemekeza ndi mpweya wabwino.

Kuwonjezera ntchito yamphamvu umodzi kuvutika synchronism ndi kutsegula / kutseka mawindo, choncho pali Motors (PDP) umene aliyense yamphamvu ali pistons awiri akusuntha mu ndege imodzi. Mmodzi wa iwo akulamulira polowera, winayo - kumasulidwa.

Malinga limagwirira wa atawapempherera kuti ayeretsedwe magawo kudula (zenera) ndi valavu-kudula. Mbali yoyamba, mawindo ndi inlets ndi malo ogulitsira. Yachiwiri kumafuna ntchito monga inlets kuti amasuke ndipo amakhala vavu mu mutu yamphamvu.

Childs, awiri sitiroko injini dizilo ntchito magalimoto katundu monga sitima, sitima, akasinja.

dongosolo mafuta

zida mafuta a injini dizilo zambiri zovuta kuposa mafuta. Ichi ndi chifukwa amafuna kwambiri mwatsatanetsatane mu nthawi yobereka mafuta, kuchuluka ndi anzawo. Waukulu dongosolo mafuta zigawo zikuluzikulu - jekeseni mpope, injectors, fyuluta.

Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito dongosolo mafuta okwanira ndi kompyuta kulamulidwa (Common-Sitima Yapamtunda). Iwo injects magawo awiri. Woyamba wa iwo ali ochepa, amene akutumikira kuukitsa kutentha mu kuyaka chipinda (predvprysk), zimene zimachititsa phokoso ndi kugwedera. Komanso, dongosolo kumawonjezera pa liwiro makokedwe otsika ndi 25%, amachepetsa mafuta ndi 20% ndi mwaye zili mu mpweya utsi.

turbocharging

Pa dizilo injini ankagwiritsa ntchito chopangira mphamvu. Ichi ndi chifukwa apamwamba (1.5-2) nthawi kuthamanga mpweya wa utsi umene unwind chopangira mphamvu kuti amapewa turboyamy, kuonetsetsa supercharging pa liwiro kunsi.

ozizira chiyambi

Mungapeze ndemanga ambiri pa otsika kutentha si kuyamba dizilo. Kuvuta kwa injini izi kuthamanga zinthu ozizira chifukwa chakuti amafuna mphamvu zambiri. Kuti atsogolere ndondomekoyi, iwo amaveka ndi kuyambira preheater. chipangizo ichi ukufanizidwa chowala pulagi anakonza m'zipinda kuyaka, pamene poyatsira ndi anazimitsa preheated mpweya komabe ntchito masekondi 15-25 pambuyo Launch kuonetsetsa mtendere wa injini kuchokera ozizira. Chifukwa cha dizilo izi injini infest pa kutentha -30 ...- 25 ° C.

utumiki Features

Kuti moyo wautali ntchito n'kofunika kudziwa dizilo zomwe ndi kutumikira izo. The ndi otsika kuchuluka kwa injini izi poyerekeza ndi mafuta anafotokoza chifukwa kuphatikizapo utumiki zovuta zambiri.

Zimenezi zikukhudzana makamaka pofuna nkhuni mkulu dongosolo kwambiri. Chifukwa cha dizilo izi injini ndi ankaganizira kwambiri zili madzi a mafuta ndi tinthu makina ndi kukonza ake zokwera mtengo, injini lonse poyerekezera ndi mafuta a msinkhu chomwecho.

Pankhani ya chopangira mphamvu ndi zofunika zofuna okwera pa khalidwe la mafuta engine. moyo wake ndi amangoona 150 zikwi. Km, ndipo mtengo ndi mkulu.

Mulimonsemo, mafuta injini dizilo ayenera kusinthidwa kawirikawiri kuposa petulo (2 nthawi ndi miyezo European).

Monga momwe taonera, Motors izi nawo mavuto a ozizira chiyambi, pamene pa otsika kutentha si kuyamba dizilo. Nthawi zina, izi chifukwa ntchito mafuta zosayenera (malingana ndi nyengo ya injini ngati ntchito zosiyanasiyana sukulu, monga kupulumutsa amaundana mafuta pa otsika kutentha).

Sewerolo

Komanso, ambiri sindimakonda, monga injini dizilo, ang'onoang'ono mphamvu ndi osiyanasiyana liwiro opaleshoni, mlingo wapamwamba phokoso ndi kugwedera.

The injini petulo zambiri kwenikweni chimathandiza pa ntchito, kuphatikizapo lita mphamvu, ofanana dizilo. The galimoto ya mtundu wa nkhani Pankhaniyi ali apamwamba mlingo ndi ndandanda wa makokedwe. Kuchuluka psinjika chiŵerengero, kupereka makokedwe zambiri, kukakamiza ndi mbali cholimba. Popeza kuti iwo ankawonjezereka, mphamvu yafupika. Ndiponso, izi zimakhudza kulemera kwa injini, choncho galimoto.

A osiyanasiyana ka kusintha opaleshoni anafotokoza yaitali poyatsira ya mafuta, umene imathamanga kwambiri, iwo alibe nthawi kuwotcha kunja.

The phokoso chinawonjezeka ndi kugwedera amachititsa kuwonjezeka lakuthwa mu kuthamanga mu yamphamvu pa poyatsira.

Ubwino waukulu injini dizilo kuganizira apamwamba mkulu-makokedwe, ndalama ndi wochezeka.

Mkulu-makokedwe, ndiye kuti, ndi makokedwe mkulu pa liwiro otsika chifukwa kuyaka kwa mafuta monga jekeseni. Izi zimathandiza Kuyankha wamkulu ndi facilitates kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu.

Mwachangu chifukwa onse mlingo wochepa otaya, ndi kuti dizilo ndi mtengo. Komanso nkutheka kuti ntchito monga wozama kalasi mafuta lolemera chifukwa chosowa amafuna okhwima kwa osakhalitsa. A wolemera kwambiri kuposa mafuta, ndi apamwamba a injini dzuwa. Pomaliza, injini dizilo ntchito pa zosakaniza Taphunzira poyerekeza ndi injini mafuta ndi mkulu psinjika chiŵerengero. Yotsirizira amapereka imfa ang'onoang'ono a kutentha kwa mpweya wa utsi, kuti mtima kwambiri. zonsezi onse azigwiritsa ntchito mafuta. Dizilo, chifukwa cha ichi, amathera 30-40% zochepa.

Zachilengedwe wochezeka injini dizilo chifukwa utsi mpweya amanena m'munsi wa carbon monoxide. Izi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito makina apamwamba kuyeretsedwa, kotero kuti tsopano ndi injini mafuta likukwaniritsa mfundo za chilengedwe dizilo lapansi. The galimoto ya mtundu kale kwambiri wolephera mafuta pankhaniyi.

ntchito

Monga momveka bwino pa mfundo yakuti dizilo ndi nanga tingachidziwe, Motors ngati ali bwino yoti milandu kumene mkulu adaponya pa revs otsika. Choncho, akonzekeretse pafupifupi mabasi onse, magalimoto ndi zida yomanga. Ponena za magalimoto payekha, kuphatikizapo magawo amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa SUV. Chifukwa Mwachangu mkulu wa Motors awa ndi okonzeka ndi chitsanzo m'tawuni. Komanso, iwo ndi yabwino ntchito wotere. Mayeso abulusa ya dizilo umboni izi.