Kodi condominium ndi ziti? Association of Owners

Nthawi yathu ndi zaka makumi asanu ndi limodzi zapadziko lonse lapansi. Ndicho chifukwa chake n'zosadabwitsa kuti m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi pali njira yothandizira anthu ku mabungwe ndi madera osiyanasiyana. Masiku ano, ambiri a ife sitikudziwa chomwe kondomuyo ili, chifukwa cha dziko lathu lingaliro ili likugwirizanitsidwa ndi chinthu chochepa kwambiri. Komabe, makondomu amapezeka kale m'mayiko ambiri.

Kulongosola kwachidule

Kotero, kodi kondomu ndi chiyani? Pansi pa lingaliro limeneli si nyumba imodzi kapena nyumba, koma mawonekedwe a eni ake a malo okhalamo. Chofanana ndi ichi, nyumba iliyonse ndi mwini wake yekha, ndipo malo monga masitepe, maholo, malo apansi, malo a bwalo, ali pamodzi ndi onse okhalamo. Pachifukwa ichi, lingaliroli silingagwirizane ndi nyumba yokhalamo yokha, koma kumagulu osiyanasiyana osiyana.

Mbiri ya zochitika

Poyamba, ndi kondomu yomwe yaphunzira, anthu a ku UK. Ndondomekoyi ya umwini ndi kasamalidwe ka malo ogulitsa nyumba alipo ku Australia, koma apo imatchedwa Title Strata. Gwiritsani ntchito kwambiri makondomu ku Canada ndi United States. Ngati tikulankhula za Russia, ndiye kuti bungwe la eni nyumba (HOA) lingaganizidwe mofananako ndi mawu omwe tikulingalira. Makondomu amalembedwa kwambiri ku United Arab Emirates, India, South Africa, Singapore, Thailand.

Zida

Mtundu uwu wa katundu umadziwika ndi kuti alibe lingaliro la kubwereketsa. Kuwonjezera apo, kuthekera kukhala ndi malo kwa nthawi yochepa sikunayanjidwe. Mu makondoniums onse, katundu wawo ndi malo enieni.

Mwamtheradi zonse zomwe zili mbali ya condominium, zili ndi eni eni nyumba. Ponena za njira zothetsera nkhani, mwachitsanzo, gawo la kumudzi kapena katundu wina wamba, ndiye eni eni ogona amatha kusankha zosankhazo pamisonkhano yomwe imachitika nthawi zonse. Pamsonkhanowu, mafunso angathenso kutchulidwanso za momwe kukonza nyumba zinyumba kapena nyumba zovuta zidzachitikira.

Kulengedwa kwa condominium ku Russian Federation

Mgwirizanowu wa alangizi amapangidwa motere:

• Gawo loyamba. Omwe amatchedwa gulu yogwira ntchito (eni nyumba kapena nyumba) amasonkhanitsa zikalata zosiyanasiyana, amakonzekera cholemba cha bungwe, amalankhulana ndi ena onse a malo okhala, amasankha bungwe lolamulira.
• Msonkhano. Mfundo yakuti msonkhano udzachitika, eni eni eni onse amadziwitsidwa pasadakhale. Ndipo osachepera masabata awiri tsiku lisanafike. Pamsonkhano uwu, lamulo la condominium limakonzedwa ndipo voti imatengedwa kukasankha gululo.
• Kulembetsa. Kulembetsa mgwirizano watsopano m'mipingo ya boma kumaperekedwa popanda kulipira malipiro ndipo kumachitika mwezi umodzi. Panthawi yomweyi, pamene malemba onse oyenerera adzakonzedwanso ndi kulandiridwa, tcheyamani ayambitsa kutsegulira konti yokonzanso, komwe anthu onse adzabwezera.

Ubwino wa kondomu

Ubwino wa mgwirizano wotero ndi uwu:

• Udindo wapamwamba wa udindo wa mwini aliyense kuti azikhala moyenera nyumba zawo. Ndipo zonse chifukwa kondomu imapereka anthu angapo a nyumbayo, omwe ali ndi malo okwanira. Pankhani imeneyi, mwiniwake wa nyumbayo amayamba kutenga zofunika kwambiri payekha komanso katundu wake.
• Ndalama zomwe condominium zimasintha monga zothandizira sizimayenderana ndi misonkho, chifukwa bungwe limeneli si bungwe lopindulitsa.
• Anthu omwe amakhala ndi ndalama zochepa kwambiri amakhala mu kondomuyo, ali ndi ufulu wolandirira ndalama kuchokera ku boma chifukwa cha malipiro a ntchito zothandiza.
• Amene ali ndi nyumba ali ndi ufulu wothetsera mavuto onse omwe amakhudza zinthu zomwe zili mu condominium. Komanso, anthu amataya njira zomwe ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza zosowa zapakhomo.
• Nzika za kondomuyo zimayendetsa ndalama zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita, mwachitsanzo, kumanga nyumba kapena kukonza denga.
• Omwe amakhala ndi nyumba ali ndi ufulu wodzisankhira okha malo awo omwe amakhalapo ndikupanga malonda osiyanasiyana nawo. Kuwonjezera apo, pamsonkhanowu ndizotheka kusankha momwe ntchito yopezeka pa condominium ikugwiritsidwira ntchito, zomwe zimalola kuti pakhale ndalama zothandizira bungwe.
• Kuthetsa mavuto osiyanasiyana m'ndondomeko yowongolera kumagwira ntchito kwambiri mu kondomu yonse kusiyana ndi munthu mmodzi.
• Amene ali ndi nyumba zomwe ali ndi ngongole zambiri zogwirira ntchito, mwa chisankho cha msonkhanowo akhoza kugwira ntchito yothandizira kondomuyo kuti asabwezere ngongoleyo.

Kupindula kopanda malire kwa mgwirizano woterewu ukhoza kuganiziridwa kuti ndi ndalama zopezera ndalama. Ambiri okhala m'mayiko akumadzulo akugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wopulumutsa ndalamazo powaika mu kondomu chifukwa ndizosavuta, komanso chofunika kwambiri - ndikudalira. Ndalama zimenezi zimatetezedwa ku inflation kapena zoopsa zina. Kusamala kwakukulu kumakhudza zinthu zimenezo, mtengo umene umawonjezeka ndi nthawi. Chowonadi chotsimikizirika ndi chotsimikizirika ndi chakuti mkhalidwe wa malo okhala (nyumba) yokhayo ili ndi zotsatira zochepa pa mapangidwe a mtengo wotsiriza. Pachifukwa ichi, gawo lalikulu likuwonetsedwa ndi malo komanso mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito condominium, chiwerengero chonse cha nyumba, zaka za malo okhalamo kapena nyumba.

Nthawi zovuta

Cholinga chachikulu cha condominium chikhoza kuonedwa ngati chilembedwe mu matupi a boma. Ili ndi ntchito yovuta kwambiri, yomwe imafuna nthawi yambiri ndi khama. Zikakhala kuti mwini nyumbayo amalembedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba, pasipoti yowonjezera ya bungweli imayendetsedwa popanda ndalama.

Khalidwe lachiwiri la condominium ndi kukonzanso nyumba. Poganizira kuti cholemetsa chonse chokonzekera ndi kukonzanso machitidwe oyankhulana akugwera pamapewa a eni nyumba, ndipo malipiro a ntchito zonsezi amachokera m'thumba lawo. Mbali yoyandikana nayo ya bungwe ili ndi msonkho wa pamtunda.

Chikwama cha Reserve

Kuti mudziwe zomwe zili ndi kondomu, ziyenera kuwonetsera kukhalapo kwa gululi la ndalama zothandizira ndalama zomwe sizinawonongeke zomwe zikuchitika chifukwa cha mavuto akuluakulu (mwachitsanzo, moto kapena kusamba kwa madzi). Chizoloŵezichi chikuchitika m'mayiko ambiri otukuka. Chifukwa cha izi mu condominium, ndalama zowonongeka zimachokera ku ndalama zambiri, ndipo ntchito yofunikira imangogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makontrakita omwe amayesedwa. Kuwongolera kotereku kwa nyumbayi ndipo kunachititsa kuti kutchuka kwa makondomu ku Ulaya ndi America kukhale kotchuka.

Kupindula kosatheka

Nyumba mu kondomu ndi yotchipa kwambiri kusiyana ndi nyumba yapadera. Kusiyana kwa mtengo pakati pa zinthu ziwirizi kungathe kufika mazana zikwi za madola. Kuwonjezera apo, msonkho pa nyumba yaumwini sungokhala nyumba mu kondomu.

Zochitika ku Russia

Mu Russian Federation, lamulo la condominium linavomerezedwa pa June 15, 1996. Pulogalamuyi inanena kuti kondomuyo ndi malo okhalamo osakhala okhala, malo amtunda, mauthenga a nyumba zogona kapena nyumba zingapo. Komabe, kuyambira pa March 1, 2005 lingaliro la condominium mu lamulo la Russia linatha. Code Code of Housing imapereka fanizo la mgwirizano wofotokozedwa - mgwirizano wa eni nyumba, zomwe ziyenera kuganiziridwa mwatsatanetsatane.

Kupanga mgwirizano

Chiyanjano chimakhazikitsidwa malinga ndi chisankho cha msonkhano wa eni nyumba, omwe amachitika pamawu a 45-18 a LC a Russia. Chiyanjano chimaonedwa kuti chimalengedwa pamene chivotere ndi mavoti ambiri a eni nyumba. Ndikofunika kuzindikira kuti si onse omwe ali ndi nyumba m'nyumba zomwe zimakhala ziwalo za HOA mosavuta. Kuti muchite izi, muyenera kulemba ntchito yoyenera kuti mulowe nawo. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi iliyonse wogwira nawo ntchito ali ndi ufulu kuchoka ku bungwe lopanda phindu, ndipo munthu yemwe sali membala wa HOA akhoza kuthandizanso bungwe panthawi yoyenera. Wosankhidwa wosankhidwa wa HOA.

Zosankha Zovota

Lamulo la Russian Federation silikufotokoza momwe voti imawerengera pa msonkhano wa HOA iyenera kuchitika.

Zosankha zowerengera zili motere:

• Chiwerengero cha mavoti chikugwirizana molingana ndi malo onse a malo. Mwachidule, zikuluzikulu za malo omwe ali nawo, mavoti ochuluka omwe ali nawo pamsonkhano waukulu.
• Mmodzi m'modzi wa HOA ali ndi voti imodzi. Ngakhale mwiniwake ali ndi zipinda zingapo, sadzalinso ndi ubwino uliwonse. Ngati pali eni nyumba ziwiri, aliyense wa iwo adzakhala ndi ufulu wosankha.
• Chipinda chimodzi chikufanana ndi voti imodzi. Pachifukwa ichi, chiwerengero cha eni eni ndi kusiyana kwake m'madera sikunatengedwe.

Ntchito za mutu wa mgwirizano

Pogwiritsa ntchito malamulo omwe alipo, tcheyamani wa HOA ali ndi ufulu ndi maudindo ena. Popeza mutu wa HOA amasankhidwa ndi eni nyumbayo, akhoza kuchotsedwa pazolemba zawo ngati kuli kofunikira. Mphamvu yake ndi yoperewera panthawi yake pokhazikitsidwa ndi chikalata chovomerezeka cha mgwirizano. Ntchito yaikulu ya tcheyamani ndi:

• Kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyi ikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi bungwe la HOA.
• Kutuluka kwa malangizo ndi malangizo kwa akuluakulu a HOA.
• Kuchita zinthu m'malo mwa mgwirizano popanda mphamvu ya woweruza milandu.
• Kusindikiza kwa zikalata za malipiro ndi mapeto a malonda omwe, malinga ndi lamulo kapena lamulo, sali oyenerera pamsonkhano waukulu.
• Pangani ndikupempha kuti muvomereze ndi HOA kukwaniritsa malamulo omwe akugwira ntchito omwe akugwira ntchito pakhomo. Pa nthawi yomweyi, malipiro ake, monga malipiro a tcheyamani mwiniwake, amavomerezedwa pa nthawi ya msonkhano waukulu kapena msonkhano.

Kupanda HOA

Monga momwe adasonyezera, mamembala ambiri a gululi sakufuna kulipira ngongole. Pankhaniyi, palibe njira zambiri zomwe zingakhudzire woipitsa. Ngakhale mutasankha ndikutsitsa wogulitsa ngongole kuchokera ku HOA, adakali wokhala mnyumbamo. Kuwononga munthu pambali pa chigamulo cha khoti ndi vuto lalikulu lalamulo, ndipo china chirichonse ndi ndalama za khoti zidzaperekedwa mwachindunji ndi HOA.

Zamalonda

Ngati tiganizira za makondomu ku Canada, dziwani kuti mtengo wa nyumba mu mabungwe amenewa ukukwera kwambiri kuposa chaka chilichonse. Izi ndizopindulitsa kwa mabanki omwe amagula nyumba chifukwa chotsitsimula.

Koma ku France, makondomu amakhala makamaka m'midzi ikuluikulu ya dzikoli. Makamaka, malinga ndi akatswiri, m'dera la Paris la Saint-Germain chipinda chokhala ndi chipinda chokhala ndi chipinda cham'chipinda cham'madzi chimawonongeka pafupifupi milioni imodzi ndi theka miliyoni.

Ku United States of America makondomu amayamba osati m'magulu, komanso m'matawuni ang'onoang'ono. Chinthu chochititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi chakuti mfundo ya condominium apa ikufalikira m'madera ena ngakhale m'nyumba zapadera, zosungidwa.