Kodi Akamva mu mamvekedwe ambiri? Kodi Akamva ndi mabayiti?

zithunzi zonse, zikalata mawu ndi mapulogalamu zasungidwa mu kompyuta kukumbukira mu mawonekedwe a Akamva ndi mabayiti. Kodi unit zing'onozing'ono zambiri, ndi mmene Akamva ambiri mamvekedwe ndi?

Kusunga deta m'chikumbumtima

Computer pamtima akonzedwa yaikulu maselo anadzazidwa ndi maziro ndi anthu. Cell - ichi ndi osachepera kuchuluka kwa deta kuti akhoza kufika wowerenga. Thupi, ndi choyambitsa (makompyuta amakono). The choyambitsa ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti n'zovuta kuona pansi simungathe kutiona. Mukachipinda ali ndi adiresi wapadera kumene wapeza imodzi kapena wina pulogalamu.

Mu selo nthawi zambiri kumvetsa mamvekedwe umodzi. Koma, malingana zomangamanga, zikhoza kuphatikiza 2, 4 kapena 8 mabayiti. Mamvekedwe zamakono anazindikira wonse, koma kwenikweni wapangidwa ndi maselo ngakhale ang'onoang'ono - Akamva. 1 mamvekedwe akhoza encode khalidwe lililonse, monga kalata kapena chiwerengero, pamene 1 pang'ono sikokwanira.

Opha kawirikawiri ntchito pa Akamva munthu, ngakhale mwaukadaulo zotheka. M'malo mwake, pali pamtima mabayiti lonse kapena magulu mamvekedwe.

Kodi pang'ono?

Nthawi zambiri pang'ono kumvetsa mfundo unit wa muyeso. mtima otere kukhala zolondola, chifukwa maganizo kwambiri mfundo sawona bwinobwino ndithu. Ngati kulankhula molondola, pokha - ndi kalata ya zilembo kompyuta. Mawu "pang'ono" anachokera ku mawu English "bayinare manambala", lomwe limatanthauza "bayinare manambala".

Zilembo makompyuta yosavuta tichipeza zizindikiro ziwiri zokha: 0 ndi 1 (kukhalapo kapena kusapezeka kwa mbendera ndi zoona kapena zabodza). akonzedwa Izi zokwanira nawatsimikizira kufotokoza chilichonse. The chikhalidwe lachitatu, amene anafotokozedwa chete kompyuta (kusonyeza kuchotsa) ndi nthano.

Palokha, kalatayo wosachita phindu mu mawu a mderali: kuyang'anana kapena ziro, n'zosatheka kumvetsa ngakhale kuti, mtundu wa deta mtengo imeneyi imagwira ntchito. Ndipo photos, ndi malemba, ndi pulogalamu pamapeto pake zigwirizana anthu ndi maziro. Choncho inamuluma kovuta monga ankapoperamo palokha. Choncho, m'pofunika kuphatikiza Akamva kuti encode nawo mfundo zothandiza.

Kodi mamvekedwe?

Ngati pang'ono - ndi kalata mamvekedwe ndi semblance wa kulankhula. mamvekedwe wina akhoza muli khalidwe malemba, inteja mbali ya ambiri, tiwiri ndi manambala m. D. Choncho, mamvekedwe kale lili ndi tanthauzo ngakhale mu buku laling'ono.

Novice mapulogalamu ndi chabe owerenga chidwi kudabwa Akamva angati 1 mamvekedwe. Makompyuta kwamakono, mamvekedwe nthawi zonse wofanana ndi Tinthu eyiti.

Ngati pang'ono angathe kutenga mfundo ziwiri zokha, mitundu Akamva eyiti amatha yopangira 256 ma osiyana. chiwerengero 256 aumbike mwa awiri yomanga mlingo chitatu (malinga ndi Tinthu angati pa mamvekedwe).

Chidutswa chimodzi - 1 kapena 0. awiri Akamva kale kulenga kusewera 00, 01, 10 ndi 11. akafika 8 Akamva, ndiye zeroes ndi anthu kwa kuphatikiza mu osiyanasiyana 00000000 ... 11111111 akutembenukira 256. Ngati ingokumbukirani mmene mfundo zambiri mukhoza kutenga ndi mmene Akamva ambiri amene ali mamvekedwe limodzi, ndiye kumbukirani chithunzi ichi adzakhala zosavuta.

Aliyense kuphatikiza otchulidwa akhoza kukwaniritsa mfundo osiyanasiyana malingana ndi kabisidwe (ASCII, Unicode, etc.). N'chifukwa chake owerenga akukumana ndi chakuti anayambitsa mfundo Russian zina zimaoneka mu mawonekedwe a zilembo zosamvetsetseka.

Features a dongosolo bayinare

Dongosolo bayinare ali ndi katundu yemweyo zonse monga bwino kuti ife decimal: manambala wopangidwa mwa anthu ndi ziro, inu mukhoza kuwonjezera, kuchotsera, muchuluke, etc. The kusiyana kokha ndi dongosolo sichimapangidwa 10, ndipo onse .. 2 manambala. N'chifukwa chake ndi yabwino ntchito kubisa deta.

Mu aliyense Pamalo dongosolo kuwerengetsa chiwerengero cha Akamva kumaphatikizapo: mayunitsi, makumi, mazana, etc. mu dongosolo decimal, phindu pazipita kamodzi pang'ono wofanana 9, ndipo m'dongosolo bayinare - 1. Popeza kumaliseche angachite mfundo ziwiri zokha, manambala bayinare mofulumira .. kuonjezera m'litali. Mwachitsanzo, bwino kuti ife chiwerengero 9 ulembedwa monga 1001. Izi zikutanthauza kuti naini ulembedwa zilembo zinayi, ndi wina bayinare manambala limafanana ndi chidutswa chimodzi.

N'chifukwa chiyani zili encrypted mu mawonekedwe bayinare?

Dongosolo decimal ndi yabwino inputting ndi outputting mudziwe, ndipo bayinare - kukonza ndondomeko ya kusintha kwake. Umakopa kwambiri dongosolo, amene ali zilembo zisanu ndi zitatu ndipo sikisitini: iwo kumasulira makina kachidindo mu mawonekedwe yabwino.

Dongosolo bayinare ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa maganizo a maganizo. Unit conventionally amatanthauza "inde": pali mbendera, mawu aja ali oona, etc. Zero amagwirizana ndi mtengo wa "ayi": .. The phindu ndi onyenga, palibe chizindikiro, etc. funso lirilonse lotseguka zikhoza kusinthidwa kuti funso limodzi kapena kuposa ndi mitundu ya mayankho "inde .. "kapena" ayi. " Njira yachitatu, mwachitsanzo, "Unknown" adzakhala wopanda ntchito.

Pa chitukuko cha umisiri kompyuta yapangidwa ndi kusunga atatu manambala-mphamvu deta, wotchedwa tritium. Iwo akhoza kutenga mfundo zitatu: 0 - chidebe ndi kanthu, 1 - chidebe wodzazidwa theka ndipo 2 - mphamvu zonse. Komabe, dongosolo bayinare anali wosavuta ndi zomveka Choncho analandira kwambiri wotchuka kwambiri.

Kodi Akamva ambiri mamvekedwe anali patsogolo?

Poyamba, kunali kosatheka kuti motsimikiza angati Akamva mu mamvekedwe a. Poyamba ndi mamvekedwe anamvetsa makina mawu, i.e. chiwerengero cha Akamva zomwe kompyuta akhoza pokonza mu mkombero ntchito limodzi (wotchi mkombero). Pamene kompyuta silinakwaniritsidwe anaika mu maofesi, microprocessors osiyana ntchito ndi mabayiti zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Mamvekedwe mukhoza kukhala 6 Akamva, pamene zitsanzo loyamba IBM kukula kwake ukufika 9 Akamva.

Lero, 8-bit mabayiti moti zofala zimene ngakhale tanthauzo la mamvekedwe ndi zoziwika bwino kuti gulu la mudziwe ongokhala 8 Akamva. Komabe, mu chiwerengero cha mapangidwe mabayiti wofanana 32 Tinthu ndipo amakhala mawu makina. mapangidwe oterowo ntchito zina yopanga ndi mapurosesa chizindikiro, koma osati pa kompyuta wathu mwachizolowezi, Malaputopu ndi mafoni.

Chifukwa iye anapambana eyiti muyezo?

Mabayiti ndapeza eyiti kukula nsanja kudzera IBM PC ndi otchuka pa nthawi 8-bit purosesa Intel 8086. Kuchuluka kwa pempheroli anathandiza chakuti mu 1970 ndi. 8 Akamva pa mamvekedwe ali adzakhala muyezo phindu.

Eyiti-bit muyezo yabwino chifukwa zimathandiza kusunga 1 mamvekedwe a zilembo ziwiri mu dongosolo decimal. Chitetezo 6-bit akhoza kusungidwa manambala wina, pamene 2 Akamva ndi kuthetsa. 9 Akamva akhoza kulembedwa manambala 2, koma Zatsala inayo pang'ono. nambala 8 ndi mphamvu wachitatu awiri amene amapereka mayiko zina.

Ntchito Akamva ndi mabayiti

Ambiri owerenga kuti: bwanji kuti kusakaniza Akamva ndi mabayiti? Sitepe yoyamba ndi kulabadira zimene zinalembedwa kalembedwe chidule mamvekedwe kwalembedwa mu mawonekedwe a likulu kalata "B" (m'Chingerezi - "B"). Choncho, ndi kalata yaing'ono "b" ( "b") kusonyeza pang'ono.

Komabe, pali nthawi zonse n'zotheka kuti m'kaundula amusankha molakwa (Mwachitsanzo, ena mapulogalamu lemba zonse zinachitikira m'munsi kapena chapamwamba basi atatembenuzidwa). Pankhaniyi, muyenera kudziwa kuti nthawi amayezedwa Akamva, ndipo - mu mabayiti.

Anatinso amaona kuchuluka kwa mabayiti: kukula kwa litayamba zovuta, abulusa kung'anima ndi sing'anga ina adzakhala kutchulidwa mabayiti, ndi mayunitsi Integrated, monga gigabytes.

The Akamva ntchito mlingo kayesedwe. Kuchuluka kwa zomwe apatsira njira liwiro la Internet ndi zina zotero. N. amayezedwa Akamva ndi mayunitsi otumphukira, monga megabits. Download liwiro owona Komanso nthawi kuwonetsedwa Akamva.

Ngati anakhumba, inu kumasulira Akamva mu mabayiti kapena mosinthanitsa. Chakwanira kukumbukira Akamva angati mamvekedwe, ndipo kuchita kuwerengetsera yosavuta masamu. Akamva ndi n'kukhala mabayiti ndi kugawa ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, kumasulira ikuchitika mwa chulutsa ndi nambalayi.

Kodi makina mawu?

Machine mawu - izi ndi mfundo ya mu selo kukumbukira. Akuimira ndondomeko ya mayunitsi mudziwe pazipita kuti asamalira ngati amodzi amodzi.

Mawu kutalika limafanana ndi purosesa pang'ono, limene kwa nthawi yaitali anali wofanana 16 Tinthu. Ambiri kompyuta ano ndi 64 Tinthu, ngakhale palinso wamfupi (32-bit), ndi wautali mawu makina. Pankhaniyi, chiwerengero cha Akamva kupanga makina mawu, nthawizonse angapo eyiti mosavuta anatembenukira kwa mabayiti.

Pakuti mawu makamaka kompyuta kutalika ndi lomweli silinasinthe ndipo amatanthauza angapo makhalidwe ofunika a "chitsulo".