Khansa ya trachea ndi chiyani? Zizindikiro, mankhwala khansa ya trachea ndi

Cancer zotupa mu trachea ndi sanalembedwepo nthawi zambiri. Kwenikweni, amapezeka mu amuna zaka 40-60 zakubadwa. Mu akazi, khansa trachea limapezeka kamodzikamodzi. Ana, zotupa mu trachea 90% milandu ndi mtima wabwino.

Trachea. Kapangidwe ndi malongosoledwe

Choyamba, kumvetsa zimene uli pangozi, m'pofunika kumvetsa zimene ndi trachea yokha. chubu uyu, amene kutalika ndi 11 masentimita ndi awiri ndi -. Kuyambira masentimita 3 wa trachea pansi m'phuno ndi thupi mopitirira mu sternum ndi adatchithisira. Pansi trachea ndi lagawidwa 2 machubu ndi dzina la bronchi lapansi.

Ndi kapangidwe ka trachea ndi - ndi 18-22 wandiweyani cartilaginous mphete. Mbali kumbuyo kwa aliyense mphete aphimbidwa ndi minofu ndi minofu connective. Zipolopolo kuchokera mkati trachea mucosa. Inspiratory trachea zambiri ndipo yaitali expiratory - amatenga chigamulocho mwachizolowezi.

Kukula mwana tracheal n'chochepa kwambiri. Zikuyamba ndi masentimita anayi, ndipo akamakula zikuchulukirachulukira.

mitundu ya zotupa

Neoplasms kungakhale chosaopsa. zotsatirazi ndi ambiri:

1. Chondroma. Izi tinatake tozungulira olimba mphete cartilaginous wa trachea a. Malo ambiri kutanthauzira - ndi m'phuno.
2. Hemangioma. Izi kumanga mmwamba kwambiri anayamba minofu capillary.
3. Papilloma. Neoplasms, chikwiyire ndi anthu papilloma HIV. Malinga akufanana ndi kolifulawa. Vuto ambiri amene akupezeka mwana.

Ponena za mavuto kupuma dongosolo, nthawi zambiri ndikuganiza za khansa ya m'mapapo. Trachea Oncology amakhudza zochepa. Nthawi zambiri pali matenda a mitundu zotupa zotsatirazi:

1. Tsilindroma. Zilonda kuchuluka kwa maselo zaminyewa wa zopangitsa kwa mucous. Vuto lalikulu - chizolowezi ayambiranso ndipo metastasis. Izi khansa tracheal akufotokozera ndi pang'onopang'ono. Wodwala moyo ndi chotupa kwa pafupi 5 zaka. Nthawi ndi wautali njira ya matenda ankalembedwa.
2. Squamous selo carcinoma. Chotupa akufotokozera ku lateral kapena zapambuyo makoma tracheal. Tracheal khansa matenda 50% milandu amatanthauza mtundu uwu. Pali kutengera za kugonana. Odwala zambiri - akulu kuposa zaka 40. Amayembekezeka kukhala ndi moyo popanda mankhwala - zaka 1-2.
3. Sarcoma. Nthawi zambiri akufotokozera pa malo bifurcation wa trachea a. N'zovuta kuti apezeke, nthawi zambiri anatsimikiza magawo ina.

Kuyambira malignancies m'ma wamba komanso yosowa zimachitika carcinoid, reticulosarcoma, neurofibromas, limfogranulimatoz ndi ena.

zinthu kukulitsa

Pali zinthu zingapo zimene zimachititsa khansa ya trachea ndi. Zizindikiro za matenda amenewa sizikuwoneka kuopseza, koma amafunika chisamaliro chapadera kwa madokotala. Mwachitsanzo, chifukwa kutupa yachibadwa kumachitika amamuyambitsa timabala, kuchititsa kuchepetsa (stenosis) wa trachea a. Ngati nthawi wosachita kunja ndi endoscopy, akhoza kudwala khansa.

Odwala ena, njira kulumikiza trachea ndi kum'mero, akufotokozera abnormally. Chifukwa, pali fistula, zomwe zimabweretsa mavuto a m'mapapo ndi trachea. Ndi chiopsezo chinthu matupi yachilendo kugwera trachea a.

khansa tracheal ungapezeke chifukwa softness minofu. Zimenezi zimatchedwa tracheomalacia. The kudwala nthawi zambiri amanena za mitundu kobadwa nako, ndipo amafuna polojekiti zonse. Akuluakulu akudwala minofu zofewa wa trachea chifukwa fodya yaitali.

Ndi zosavomerezeka kunyalanyaza kopanira trachea. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zovuta mpweya, ndipo kumapangitsa chitukuko cha khansa. Kuthetseratu kufala chinthu ikuchitika stenting.

Zizindikiro za ndondomeko khansa

Khansa ya trachea, ndi zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro zomwe kungakhale kovuta kwambiri mu magawo oyambirira, ndipo ali ofanana ndi chosiyana maonekedwe. Zizindikiro Common khansa monga mfundo zotsatirazi:

• kutentha kudumpha;
• mwadzidzidzi kuwonda;
• matenda kudya;
• kutopa;
• imfa chidwi mu moyo.

zizindikiro m'dera

Mwachindunji, otchedwa mawonetseredwe m'deralo, amene amapereka khansala trachea - zizindikiro, kusonyeza kuti matenda akufotokozera miyezi yoposa 8:

1. Maonekedwe a kupuma movutikira. chizindikiro Izi zikusonyeza kuti pali maphunziro, kuchepetsa lumen wa trachea a.
2. State wa suffocation. Kumachitika mu malo supine, pamene akupuma kapena kugona. Eneyi chakuti wodwala omasuka nditangokhala.
3. Amphamvu youma chifuwa. The chizindikiro akhoza anazindikira monga chiwonetsero cha matenda kapena mphumu, koma sakulabadira mankhwala. Kutsokomola poipa pamene kusintha malo thupi.
4. Sputum ndi fungo la. Zizindikiro kenako siteji, kusonyeza kugwa chotupa cha.
5. Kulephera Pomeza. Chizindikiro za maonekedwe a chotupa pa khoma kumbuyo kwa trachea a. Neoplasm adzabwere kum'mero, wachedwa chakudya.
6. Voice kusintha. Hoarseness ndi hoarseness akusonyeza kuti anakhudzidwa mitsempha kobwereza.
7. Phokoso pamene kupuma. Zikuoneka pa zachifalansa kapena kutulutsa.
8. movutikira. Kumayambiriro kwa ndondomekoyi, ndi trachea ndi tiwonjezere ku pokoka mpweya, koma movutikira. Ndi chitukuko cha khansa - mavuto limodzi ndi osati mpweya, koma mpweya.

Aliyense zizindikiro zimenezi zingakhale zimasonyeza dokotala, kotero iwo kutchulidwa matenda.

magawo a khansa

Gawo khansa tracheal, komanso njira zina oncological atsimikiziridwa zochokera kukula kwa zotupa, pamaso pa metastasis, chikhalidwe cha kuwonongeka minofu. Total kusiyanitsa masiteji 4:

1. Chotupa kukula kwa 3 cm. No metastasis.
2. Chotupa kukula kwa masentimita 6. N'zotheka metastasis kuti mfundo pafupi lymph.
3. Neoplasm cm kuposa 6. The chotupa amachititsa kusintha zimakhala ozungulira. Pali metastases.
4. Chotupa limakula mosatonthozeka kunja kwa thupi. Pali metastases ambiri angakhudzidwe ziwalo kutali kwa malo choyambirira.

Mu gawo loyamba khansa tracheal (onani chithunzi) sichitsata kwambiri owopsa. Maphunziro pang'ono kapena nodule, sipangakhalenso amakhudzidwa mosiyanasiyana. Mbali apamwamba a chitukuko, zimakhalanso zovuta kuchiza chotupa. N'chifukwa chake zizindikiro za zotupa, ayenera yomweyo kupempha malangizo ndi kuthandiza. Mu ndime yachinayi kupulumutsa wodwalayo kovuta.

chithandizo

Chithandizo chosiyanasiyana khansa ya trachea zimadalira zinthu zambiri. dokotala ayenera kuona maonekedwe a chotupa, kuti kudziwa kukula kwake, kuyesetsa ndi siteji ya chitukuko. Komanso ganizirani zaka za wodwalayo, ndi ulemu thanzi lake kudziwa Oncology. Kudziwa zotupa, onse zilonda ndi mtima wabwino mulingo woyenera chithandizo njira ankaona kuchotsa opaleshoni. Makamaka zogwirizana neno ili ndi zotupa, kukula kwa amene ali osachepera theka la kukula kwa trachea a. Ngati nkotheka, pambuyo pa opaleshoni, chidutswa chosowacho wa trachea anali yafupika.

Chithandizo cha matenda a khansa ya trachea ndi mankhwala zotsatira ogwira musataye. Nthawi inoperable, kuphatikiza mankhwala amphamvu ndi carboplatin kapena enaake vvide nedaplatin ndi kukhudzana munthawi yomweyo kuti cheza. Nthawi ayi yekha kulola brachytherapy.

Ngati simungathe yochotsa chotupacho, Airways kukuza chubu yokumba anaikapo mu trachea a. Zimenezi zimatchedwa trahiobronhialny stent Airways.

Kodi matenda

Nthawi zambiri, odwala amakhulupirira kuti apite kwa dokotala ndi achezera ozizira, matenda kapena mphumu. Ngati dotolo chifukwa kukayikira alili, kuti anapatsa chiphasochi zina. Kawirikawiri ndi ndondomeko izi:

1. Laryngoscopy kukhala kotheka kuti azindikire mtanda mu trachea chapamwamba.
2. Tracheotomy, zimathandiza kupyolera ang'ambe thupilo yaing'ono kufufuza boma mkati mwa trachea ndi.
3. X-ray ndi kusiyana, kudziwa malo chotupa cha.
4. Biopsy, chomwe kupeza nyemba chotupa minofu kwa histology ndi cytology.

Kwa matenda zolondola kuchititsa Kujambula kapena CT.

Kuteteza khansa ya trachea ndi

Popewa matenda aliwonse ndi mosavuta kuposa kuchiza kwake. Izi zikutanthauza kuti munthu ayenera kudziwa kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa HPV mu thupi, akulankhula za anthu papilloma HIV, amene ali pangozi alibe mu ndondomeko oncologic. Komanso, ndi wolakalakika bwino kusiya kusuta fodya, makamaka patapita zaka makumi anai, pamene thupi sagwirizana chikoka kunja. Kusuta mwamtheradi contraindicated kwa anthu amene akhala mitundu ina ya khansa. Kwambiri kupewa zotupa zilonda ndi zolimbitsa thupi, kuyenda, katundu zonse popanda uyenderere, kudya zakudya zopatsa nthanzi ndi ulemu kwa mode zina.

Kwenikweni ayenera kulola ndi kuteteza matenda ndi mphumu. Panthawi yake kudziwa ndi kuchiza matenda kupuma. Kamodzi pachaka, munthu aliyense ayenera kutenga ulendo njira kwa dokotala, amene milandu matenda amaganiziridwa, mwachindunji kwa katswiri yoyenera.

zolosera zachipatala

Kuti Mapa apeze, dokotala ayenera kuganizira zinthu zambiri. Imawunikidwa kapangidwe histological mapangidwe, ndi digiri ya occlusion wa lumen wa trachea, ndi chizolowezi ayambiranso, akuthamanga njira. Ngakhale kuti khansa ya trachea ndi zoopsa kwambiri, ndi chithandizo yake kuchira zotheka.

Ngati muli kukayikirana aliyense khansa ya trachea ndi zizindikiro za wodwala, zizindikiro ayenera kuyezedwa. Wodwala ayenera ndisanabadwe, kenako adokotala akhoza kupanga matenda cholondola ndi kupanga mankhwala kutero. Musaiwale kuti mankhwala oyambirira a matenda mosavuta.