Katemera "Menaktra": malangizo, mafotokozedwe ndi ndemanga

Katemera "Menaktra" - mbadwo watsopano wa mankhwala. Little amadziwika kuti ndi kumene analenga (pafupifupi 10 zapitazo), kampani US Sanofi Pasteur. Mankhwala wadutsa mndandanda wa mayesero ndipo ndi yosiyana kwambiri ndi mankhwala ofanana. Iwo ali chiwerengero cha tizilombo zimene zimakhudza mapangidwe magawo m'thupi la chamoyo ndi pakutchulidwa wa bongo ndi poyizoni m'magazi chifukwa cha meningococcus.

kapangidwe

Katemera "Menaktra" limatichenjeza angapo matenda, imakhudza maonekedwe a meningococcus serogroup yeniyeni. Ndi pang'ono sizikumveka bwino njira yothetsera makonzedwe mu mnofu.

mlingo umodzi ndi za 0.5 ml, zikuphatikizapo zigawo zikuluzikulu yogwira monga conjugates monovalent meningococcal kuti zigwirizana osakaniza mitundu ina ya serogroups polysaccharide (A, C, Y, W-135) ndi chotengera mapuloteni. Lililonse polysaccharide umodzi conjugated kuti diphtheria toxoid jekeseni mlingo wofanana 48 mg.

zinthu zina mu zikuchokera mankhwala ndi: ndi sodium mankwala, sodium mankhwala enaake, sodium dihydrogenphosphate monohydrate ndi madzi apadera a jekeseni.

lokonzekera mmatumba mu mbale galasi munali kamodzi mlingo - 0.5 ml. The katoni kungakhale Mbale wina kapena asanu, ndi malangizo ntchito.

Katemerayu anali kusungidwa kutentha 2-8 ° C. Siziyenera zii. Izo ziyenera kusungidwa pa malo ozizira patali ana. Ngati mankhwala pazifukwa zina wakhala zii si nkhani kwa ntchito zina.

Alumali moyo wa mankhwala ndi zaka ziwiri kuchokera tsiku yopanga kusindikizidwa pa phukusi.

"Menaktru" ambabala dziko wotchuka wopanga katemera, "Sanofi Pasteur Inc.".

Katemera "Menaktra": malongosoledwe a zochita pharmacological

Childs, causative wothandizila matenda meningococcal (mwachitsanzo kakhosi) amakhala bakiteriya N. Meningitidis. Dzina angapo serotypes wa gulu la mabakiteriya. Kugwiritsa "Menaktra" katemera kumapangitsa kupanga chitetezo yeniyeni ukuperekedwa nthumwi causative matenda meningococcal. Katemerayu lili anayi serogroup ndi A, C, Y ndi W-135. Iwo onse amanenedwa ndi wapadera ntchito bactericidal.

Matenda mayesero umalimbana kupeza chifukwa chopanga "Menaktry" si wonyamulidwa, kuyambira kusankha chitetezo seramu bactericidal (SBA) ndi mlingo wa dzuwa katemera meningococcal.

Immunological khalidwe la ana ankachitira kwa zaka 2 mpaka 10 ndipo anthu okalamba zaka 11-55. Immunogenicity anatsimikiza mu mgwirizano wa magwiridwe a oteteza, amene anali wapezeka ndi seramu bactericidal zofufuza. Anthu msinkhu zaka 2-10 ankaona ayankhe zimakumana ndi chiphunzitso umodzi wa katemera, ndipo pakutha masiku 28. kuwonjezeka zojambula titer wapakatikati anafotokozedwa (GMTs) a chitetezo bactericidal. mitundu yonse ya serogroups mu 86-100% milandu pa oyambirira chizindikiro titers undetectable chinalembedwa seroconversion, yodziwika monga chetrehkratnoe ndi kuwuka mu titers oteteza pa masiku 28 pambuyo katemera.

Amodzi mphamvu "Menaktry" bwanji kukumbukira immunological pambuyo katemera makamaka ana ndi akulu omwe.

The zotsatira mwa zaka 11-18 asonyeza kuti ayankhe m'thupi lina nthawi mapangidwe katemera. Indicators SBA GMTs kwa masiku 28 pambuyo katemera apamwamba kuposa choyambirira. Mu 98-100% ya achinyamata ndi kusamvetsa milingo koyamba oteteza pa tsiku 28 anasonyezedwa cherehkratnoe kuwonjezeka SBA titre kuti mitundu yonse ya katemera serogroup B. Mfundo zimenezi kusonyeza mkulu immunogenicity mankhwala ali mwasankha.

Akuluakulu ndi titers indeterminate oteteza ku 93-100% milandu anasonyeza kuwonjezeka zinayi khola mu SBA titer kwa zina zonse serogroups tizilomboto mu zikuchokera katemera. Mu mayesero onse, yankho immunological zinali chimodzimodzi kaya mwamuna kapena mkazi, zaka ndi mtundu.

Palibe zizindikiro pa kinetics mmene koyamba mapangidwe katemera, koma yankho atapita masiku 7-10 m'thupi pambuyo katemera chinalembedwa.

Nthawi chitetezo cha m'thupi pambuyo katemera koyamba mapangidwe anatsimikizira mu mayesero matenda ndipo ndi wofanana ndi zaka zitatu pambuyo boma limodzi.

zikuonetsa

Katemera "Menaktra" lakonzedwa kuteteza matenda meningococcal. Zikamera wa iwowa amakhudza bakiteriya N. Meningitidis ndi kotereku serogroups monga A, C, Y ndi W-135 pa anthu a gulu osiyanasiyana zaka.

Contraindications chiphunzitso cha katemera

"Menaktra" (katemera) sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati tsankho kapena zinthu zina mwakhama kapangidwe kake. matenda Ban ali ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda si matenda chikhalidwe, komanso pa exacerbations cha matenda aakulu.

Mlingo ndi njira ya katemera

Kukonzekera "Menaktra" (katemera) kutumikiridwa intramuscularly limalangiza Chiongoko, makamaka m'dera la minofu phewa deltoid. Ana mpaka chaka mankhwala ndi kutumikiridwa mu minofu m'dera ntchafu, kuyambira gulu la odwala minofu phewa ndi underdeveloped. Inoculation zachitika kamodzi pa mlingo wa 0,5 ml.

Pamaso pa zikamera wa katemera ayenera kutsatira miyezo ena chitetezo, amene umalimbana kupewa mavuto osafunika. Iwo ri ukupeza wa munthu, tikupeza pamaso pa contraindications.

Katemera yekha anamwalira ndi pansi pa ulamuliro wake. A mankhwala chipinda cha katemera ayenera akhale okonzeka mankhwala antishock mankhwala.

Nthawi zina, pambuyo oyamba a jekeseni anali anati kukomoka. ogwira ntchito zachipatala, Katemera ayenera kukhala okonzeka boma la zochitika ndi m'njira yake kupewa choipa zokhudzana ndi kugwa, komanso kupereka chisamaliro zofunika mankhwala.

Pali zambiri zolembedwa zachipatala kuti aone mmene katemera ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito "Menaktra". The katemera ndandanda uli motere:

• Ana zaka miyezi 9-23, katemera anaika magawo awiri. Pambuyo katemera woyamba kupanga yopuma kwa miyezi itatu, ndipo kenako kuchita yachiwiri.
• Ana kwa zaka ziwiri, achinyamata ndi akulu mankhwala chikuyendetsedwera intramuscularly, ndi kamodzi kokha.

Mankhwala chimateteza ku matenda meningococcal, amene kumaonekera atapita masiku khumi kuchokera tsiku la katemera. Chilimbikitso mlingo mu nkhani iyi si anapereka.

Mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena

Medicine "Menaktra" (moyo katemera) Mwina kuperekedwa limodzi ndi katemera polysaccharide, typhoid chenjezo zosayembekezereka. Pamodzi ndi adsorbed katemera motsutsana kafumbata ndi diphtheria. Kulalikira vaccinations pamwamba akhale msinkhu 11-17 ndi 18-55 zaka.

Inu simungakhoze kuyika onse katemera "Menaktra" ndi BCG katemera.

Ngati vaccinations awiri zimagwiridwa pa nthawi yomweyo, iwo ziyenera kuchitika mu madera osiyana a thupi. Pakuti aliyense jekeseni ntchito syringe osiyana.

Mimba ndi mkaka wa m'mawere

Chifukwa cha mavuto yaikulu matenda, chinapezeka kuti palibe zotsatira likuwonongekera mimba ndi katemera wosabadwa "Menaktra". Kufotokozera za mankhwala, ngakhale analimbikitsa ntchito mu nthawi iyi, ngati phindu lingathe mayi n'kosangalatsa chiopsezo cha chitukuko cha mwana wosabadwayo. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito yake ndi chovomerezeka ngati matenda meningococcal ndi chachikulu, ndi mliri kapena ulendo kudera kuderako.

Kuphunzira luso la yogwira zosakaniza a katemera akudutsa mu mkaka oyamwitsa akazi. M'mayesero oyambirira a chitetezo katemera ngati kuti polysaccharides opezeka mbewa wamng'ono, amene adakali akudya mayi. Mfundo imeneyi analibe mphamvu pa chitukuko mbewu. Similar maphunziro pa anthu osati amaphunzira.

Pamaso katemera mkazi pa mkaka wa m'mawere, muyenera mosamala kuopsa ndi phindu mungathe katemera.

Katemera "Menaktra": mavuto

Pambuyo katemera mankhwala odwala ambiri nkhawa zochita zosiyanasiyana negative. Symptomatology wakufayo malingana zaka abwino.

Motero, anthu ochokera zaka ziwiri mpaka khumi akhala kalikiliki mwachikondi induration, kutupa ndi redness a zone jekeseni. Ana pambuyo katemera anali akuphulikira, panali kusinza. Nthawi zina, pali anorexia, kutsegula m'mimba, kusanza ndi malungo. ana Amada okhadzula, ndi urticaria. Panali mawonetseredwe mu mawonekedwe a arthralgia.

Ana zaka 11-18 ndi akulu zaka 18-55, panali ululu ndi induration kumayambiriro katemera. Ine amadwala mutu, m'mimba, kusanza. Adanyamuka kutopa. Utachepa kudya. totupa, arthralgia chinaoneka. Panali malungo, malaise ambiri, malungo.

Panali zosiyanasiyana hypersensitivity anachita. syndrome Guillain-Barre unkachitika, imfa tsankho la zokumbukira, khunyu, ziwalo za mitsempha nkhope, paresthesia, yopingasa myelitis, chizungulire, mwiniwakeyo encephalomyelitis mu mawonekedwe pachimake, myalgia.

Meningococcal katemera "Menaktra" matendawa akhoza kuyambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana, koma iwo ali wofatsa ndi kutha mkati mwa sabata pambuyo katemera wa.

Kusamala

"Menaktra" katemera meninjaitisi akulimbikitsidwa anthu ndi angathe kutenga matenda meningococcal kuchuluka. Awa ndi anthu amene akhala mwachindunji kukhudzana ndi odwala matenda meningococcus. Tiyenera kupanga katemera anthu akusowa properdin, ndipo amathandiza zigawo zikuluzikulu. Katemerayu ndi nzika yofunika ndi asplenia. Komanso akhoza kuika anthu yoyendayenda ku madera hyperendemic, ndipo ogwira ntchito choyezera zonse maphunziro osiyanasiyana pa zotsatira za bakiteriya N. Meningitidis. Madokotala amalangiza katemera ili ophunzira akukhala dormitory, ndipo moti ankaweruzidwa.

Mankhwala sayenera kuperekedwa kudzera m'mitsempha, intra- kapena subcutaneously. n'zotheka zotsatira deta amenewa mu unsembe ndi mankhwala.

Never kulumikiza katemera izi syringe limodzi ndi mankhwala ena.

Kuphunzira mmene katemera pa odwala thrombocytopenia kapena anthu odwala matenda magazi. Pali chiopsezo cha magazi pamene kutumikiridwa intramuscularly. Pankhani ya katemera munapanga anthu oterowo ayenera kuganizira lingathe kuopsa ndi ubwino.

A chimodzimodzi zimawonedwa ndi matenda Guillain-Barré. Panali milandu kupitilira matenda pambuyo makonzedwe katemera. Choncho, pamaso pa katemera, akudwala matenda Guillain-Barre, m'pofunika mosamala kuwunika mavuto n'kotheka.

Mankhwala samaletsa meninjaitisi amayamba ndi yaying'ono zamoyo-zina ndi mabakiteriya, komanso matenda oyamba ndi meningococcal serogroup matenda B

Mu anthu ndi chitetezo wofooka ndi anthu mankhwala immunosuppressive zambiri yafupika ayankhe zimakumana zikamera wa "Menaktra" vaccinations. A zoteteza ayankhe m'thupi ikhoza kupangidwa si odwala onse mofanana pa 100%.

Pamaso adziwitse katemera anthu pangozi kapena dokotala ayenera kudziŵitsa odwala za kuopsa kapena ubwino popereka vaccinations, komanso zotsatira zotheka mbali.

Ndemanga za katemera

Iwo mbali mkulu mankhwala chiyero, khola ndi Mzimuyo yaitali chitetezo cha m'thupi ndipo multivalency "Menaktra" (katemera). Comments za inoculation makamaka positive.

amayi ambiri katemera ana awo ali aang'ono, ndipo kenako. Iwo amanena kuti ndi bwino analekerera ndi kawirikawiri amachititsa zochita chowawa. Ena ana m'masiku oyambirira pambuyo katemera unkachitika kuwonjezeka thupi kutentha kwa 37,2 40 ° C. Nkhawa irritability kwambiri, utachepa kudya. Madokotala poyankha amayi a chisangalalo za izo amanena kuti ponseponse, ndipo kuti ayankhe zimakumana katemera kotero ayenera kupangidwa. Mwamwayi, zinthu zimenezi zinali za nthawi yochepa, ndi mayi ako atasiya nkhawa posachedwa wa boma la mwana wawo.

Komanso, madokotala akulangizidwa kupereka katemera, "Fenistil" kapena mankhwala ena ndi chifuwa. Akulu amene zambiri kulekerera bwino, popanda zotsatira zoipa.

Anthu ena sakumvetsa, bwanji katemera amenewa popanda mankhwala dokotala. Onani kuti anthu amene amakhala mu Russia, iye silingakhale zothandiza, popeza kuti anthu ambiri amene amadwala ndi meninjaitisi, anapeza matenda si chifukwa meningococcal serogroups A, C, Y, W-135, ndipo chifukwa matenda anasamutsidwa. Iwo amanena kuti anthu aakulu mawonekedwe a meninjaitisi ndi meningococcal serogroup B, ndi kuchokera ku tsiku palibe katemera.

Ngakhale mlanduwo, anthu ambiri katemera "Menakra" pamodzi ndi ana awo. zotsatira zoipa n'kovuta kwambiri, koma kumateteza munthu pa matenda meningococcal moyo. Zimenezi zikutsimikiziridwa opulumutsidwa zikwi za anthu padziko lonse.