Kakhungu Zosefera: ubwino ndi kuipa. Dongosolo madzi kusefera

Mu madzi, amene amamwa tsiku anthu mamiliyoni lililonse lili ndi kuchuluka yaikulu zosiyanasiyana zosafunika zoipa, zinthu ndi mabakiteriya. Anthu ambiri amakhulupirira kuti zinthu zikhoza zopanda ndi otentha. Zimenezi ndi kolakwika. Akatswiri atha kutsutsa kuti ndi otentha madzi onse si woyera. Pamtengo ndi mkulu - onse amene ali mmadzi zingachititse matenda ndi mavuto mpaka kalekale thanzi.

Pofuna thupi lanu, anthu ambiri kwabasi Zosefera Kakhungu madzi, limene, mogwirizana ndi Mlengi, akhoza kuyeretsa madzi ambiri ngati kuli kotheka kwa ubwino uliwonse. Choncho, kachitidwe akhoza kuchotsa kwa izo zosiyanasiyana mabakiteriya kuyimitsidwa zoipa zosafunika ndipo ngakhale zitsulo, pamene kusunga dongosolo ndi electrolyte ake muyezo wawo.

Kodi Kakhungu?

Mmodzi wa katundu waukulu pafupifupi onse machitidwe madzi mankhwala kwa madzi - atanyamula zinthu zosiyanasiyana wonunkha, zosafunika ndi mankhwala awo.

Zosefera Kakhungu kugwira ntchito imeneyi ntchito woonda filimu ya zinthu zenizeni. Iye ali pores wapadera kudzera zomwe yekha mpweya ndi madzi. China chirichonse, ndi kuti unyinji wa zosiyanasiyana zinthu organic ndi zochita kupanga otsala padziko. Kwa kupanga zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana zimenezi n'zothandiza polyurethane, mapadi nthochi, dacron, koma pali zinthu zina kuti ndi katundu zofanana.

Zosiyanasiyana machitidwe kuyeretsedwa

Zosefera zakulera mtundu - uwu si luso latsopano. Mbiri yawo kunayamba m'ma 19. Ndiye sefa koyamba pamaziko a CHIKWANGWANI Komabe, pa zifukwa zina, dongosolo sanathenso ndiye kugawa moyenera. Izo zinali kokha mu 60s Mu zaka zapitazo, akatswiri apanga Kakhungu latsopano. Izi ndi zinachitika zimene ali lero.

Kusiyana pakati nembanemba umenewu pore kukula ndi kapangidwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu sefa ndi kuthamanga apamwamba kukula kwake ka mabowo. magawo angapo, uliwonse kuyeretsa madzi Mankhwala oipitsa zosiyanasiyana, adzakhala kwambiri kusintha khalidwe la madzi akumwa. Komabe, mtengo kumawonjezera.

Nembanemba microfiltration

M'magulu a mtundu kukula kwake mabowo tosaoneka akhoza anasiyana ndi microns 0,1 kwa 1.0. mankhwala amenewa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu kuyeretsa zipangizo mlingo woyamba. Iwo yeretsani madzi mankhwala amene madziwa matope. Mtundu wa nembanemba fyuluta - osati kuti zina, monga mlingo kuyambirira. Pakumala mungatani kupita mu kuyeretsa zambiri wosakhwima. Nthawi zambiri njira ntchito pamene kuli kofunikira kuchitira madzi zinyalala.

ultrafiltration

The ultrafiltration Kakhungu mwina pores amene kukula ranges ku microns 0,02 kuti 0,1. Pa nthawi imeneyi madzi kutsukidwa particles colloidal onse, ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana macromolecular. Komanso, fyuluta iyi uzigwirizana ndi kuipitsidwa bakiteriya. Yekha chenjezo - mankhwala sangathe kuchotsa mchere. Nthawi zambiri njira imeneyi ntchito pa zomera chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa sikelo mafakitale. Iwo akhoza kupezeka Zosefera banja, amene analola zili salt sungunuka.

nanofiltration

Nanofiltration nembanemba ndi pores ya 0,001 kuti 0,02 .mu.m. zinthu izi ndi udindo kwa olimbikitsa a kwambiri madzi zovuta. Kakhungu Izi akhoza kugwira mu pores ake hloroorganiku particles ndi zitsulo zolemera. Ngati ife kulankhula za mlingo wa kuyeretsedwa ku zitsulo mawu kuchuluka, dongosolo amatha kuwalamusa kwa% 30 okha. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, gawo ili nanofiltratsinnaya pafupifupi mwathunthu akudutsa mchere.

Ro Kakhungu

Iwo ali wamng'ono pore kukula - lingayambire pakukhala microns 0,0001 kuti 0,001. mankhwala ali katundu mkulu kusankha Choncho analenga kuchotsa zayamba Mankhwala oipitsa onse, zosafunika, zoipa zinthu anthu ntchito molumikizana ndi madzi.

Kakhungu ichi amatha kudutsa mpweya ndi pang'ono salt. Ngati m'pofunika zosefera nyanja, dongosolo madzi kusefera ndi zinthu izi zimathandiza kuti desalinate 97%. The kuyeretsa ndondomeko ntchito zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana izi zimabweretsa chakuti pafupifupi kwathunthu zopanda salt, mavairasi, ndi mabakiteriya osiyanasiyana, mafuta ndi zina zambiri.

Zosefera anapangidwa weniweni madzi apamwamba akuthamanga ndi madzi vuto lililonse limene ndiye waikidwa, ntchito yokonzekera zosiyanasiyana zakumwa, ntchito m'mafakitale zina mankhwala ndi. Amagwiritsidwanso chimagwiritsidwa ntchito zamagetsi, tizilombo tosaoneka ndi maso. Izi luso ayeretsedwa ndi madzi ndi othandiza kwambiri. Komabe, mitengo zinthu si mkulu.

Mfundo ntchito

Choncho, Zosefera izi - ndi Kakhungu woonda kwambiri ndi ambiri pores zamitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zinthu zimene angathe kupereka mlingo pazipita kuyeretsa. Ndiponso, madzi wopyoza Zosefera Kakhungu, sizisintha kapangidwe kake. Patsalanso, ndi mchere, ndiponso zofunika kufufuza amafotokozera.

Mu ndondomeko ya nembanemba madzi kusefera ali mkulu mlingo wa kuyeretsedwa, ndiponso ndi ladzala ndi mchere zonse zofunika.

Mu kachitidwe aka ndi ofanana ntchito zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana ntchito mfundo tangential otaya madzimadzi padziko Kakhungu lapansi. Madzi amalowa zosefera kudzera njira imodzi, ndi masamba awiri. Tidziwanso kuti madzi amasonkhana pa mbali ziwiri nembanemba lapansi.

Mwachangu ya Zosefera awa onse zimatengera mtundu wa m'deralo ndipo ali ndi makulidwe a munthu kapena Kakhungu ena. Komanso kwambiri bwanji ntchito a kuthamanga madzi ndi kutentha.

Kokayenda Zosefera: opareshoni

Pakuti amayenda ulendo, palinso zinthu otchuka Nerox, mfundo imene n'chosiyana kwambiri makhazikitsidwe ndi yoikidwiratu. Mwachitsanzo, mu chidebe kuti muli madzi akuda, amaunjika Zosefera Kakhungu. madzi woyera kuwonetsedwa mu chidebe china mwa njira yapadera.

Zosefera izi zimathandiza kwambiri n'kukupatsani azipeza madzi oyera. Koma iwo limodzi drawback kwambiri. M'pofunika nthawi kuyeretsa Kakhungu kuchokera precipitate lapansi. Opanga amati dongosolo ayenera kutsukidwa ndi dzanja.

Monga chogwirira kuposa Kakhungu ndi

Ngati chitayiko zochita kupanga, n'zosavuta kuchotsa njira, amene wapangidwa ndi acid. zinthu Organic, mankhwala awo, amagwiritsa ntchito ngati nkhuni mosavuta eluted ndi njira yochokera soda. Sikuti kuyeretsa ntchito asidi nitric acid sulfuric. Iwo mosavuta kuwononga mtengo Kakhungu amafotokozera.

Ubwino ndi Kuipa

Mwa ubwino kuti ali ndi dongosolo madzi kusefera, ndi akutali kuphweka, chomasuka ntchito ndi kukonza nembanemba lapansi. Komanso, madzi pambuyo magawo onse a kukonza woyera kwambiri, koma anasunga mchere zikuchokera. Kakhungu amatha kuchotsa ngakhale zosafunika abwino. kachitidwe ambiri kukula mwachilungamo yaying'ono. Ena zitsanzo akhoza bwinobwino ntchito m'munda, komanso machitidwe kukonza madzi zinyalala. Kuipa - wapatali. Komanso, dziwani kuti pamene ntchito, mlingo wa ndondomeko izi amazipanga otsika. Pamafunika unsembe wa akasinja yosungirako.

Mitundu ya kachitidwe yomanga

Choncho, ngati ife kulankhula za kamangidwe, ndiye pali mitundu ingapo ya Zosefera Kakhungu. chitsanzo ichi, chimene zochokera zinthu limodzi popanda magawo. Komanso pali Kakhungu nsalu kapena zinthu zosiyanasiyana porous. Awa ndi zinthu za mtundu zinapangitsa. Komabe kubala mankhwala kwa zipangizo ndi pores lalikulu.

Osasankhidwa n'zosiyana Osmosis

Ro Kakhungu litayamba mtundu nthawi zambiri, ndi zinthu woonda zochokera gulu zipangizo. Aliyense wosanjikiza chotero fyuluta anapanga zosiyanasiyana mankhwala.

tubular

Systems wa mtundu uwu ndi yopangidwa ndi zisulo porous. Izi zikhoza kukhala pulasitiki, ceramic, chitsulo kapena cermet. Pankhani kukula, m'mimba mwake nembanemba choncho zitsanzo osiyana kungakhale kwa masentimita angapo.

Komanso, n'zotheka kuonetsetsa ndi asymmetrical ndi symmetrical Kakhungu tubular. Poyamba osalimba a pores pa buku lonse la chomwecho. Ngati chachiwiri, pamwamba munthu akhale chuma ndi wandiweyani. Izi wosanjikiza ntchito, lomwe limafotokoza za mlingo wa kuyeretsedwa. Large pore Kakhungu zapita okha oyera madzi.

Zosefera mpukutu

Ndi kachitidwe komwe Kakhungu waikidwa pa kuda payipi. Pamene madzi kumayamba, madzi amasuntha spirally. Pambuyo lonse kuchuluka kwa iwo anapeza mu payipi wapadera ndi kuchotsedwa mapeto chachiwiri zace.

Kamangidwe losiyana mawonekedwe yabwino, ndi ntchito gawo - kopitilira muyeso. Ndi chitsimikizo cha ntchito yapamwamba. Komanso Pankhaniyi kwambiri yafupika chiopsezo kuipitsidwa. njira izi akhoza kumwedwa zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo imathandiza madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito.

dzenje

Mukhozanso kusankha dzenje Zosefera CHIKWANGWANI Kakhungu. Iwo ndi maonekedwe a machubu. kuchuluka A kupsa mu chipangizo fyuluta. Zotsatira - yankho kumene pamwamba ntchito ndi kuchuluka kwambiri, kuti njira yabwino amakhudza ntchito.

Kupanda - pafupifupi kwina ulamuliro utuluke pamodzi ndi ulusi fyuluta. zitsanzo izi nthawi zambiri yatsekera. Chifukwa cha nkhani zimenezi, iwo sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa chithandizo madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito.

mitengo

Opanga mlandu mitengo osiyana zipangizo. Nthawi zambiri, ndalama chimadalira pa ntchito ndi digiri ya chiyeretso. Taganizirani otchuka kwambiri opanga osiyana ndi mtengo.

Nerox - 1350 rubles

mankhwala amenewa ndi abwino kwa kusefera wa madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito. osmosis fyuluta limakupatsani kupulumutsa bwino mchere. mankhwala ndi kuwala ndi yaying'ono. chitsanzo ichi chikhonza onse n'kupuma ndi panja. Kuti zinthu ziyende bwino, m'pofunika kuti nthawi kuyeretsa Kakhungu lapansi.

"Aqua-Katswiri" - 1450 rubles

chitsanzo lakonzedwa kuti ntchito ndi madzi khalidwe. Inu simungakhoze ntchito kutseka madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito pa. Malinga ndi Mlengi, Kakhungu walola kuti abwezeretse kapangidwe ka madzi. dongosolo ndi lophweka ntchito ndi kuyeretsa ngati n'koyenera.

Solutions ku Bongo "Aquaphor"

N'zosiyana osmosis "Aquaphor" - ali kudya, yaying'ono kunyumba kachitidwe chifukwa kuyeretsa madzi akumwa. A mndandanda wa Zosefera wosiyana machitidwe mwachizolowezi wa n'zosiyana osmosis chakuti ali ndi mamangidwe abwino.

Kachitidwe ali ndi mamangidwe wapadera. Choncho, chitsanzo imakhala wokhometsa ndi katiriji replaceable. Mosiyana ndi kuyeretsedwa miyambo machitidwe n'zosiyana osmosis, fyuluta iyi ndi zosavuta kwambiri kukhala ndi ntchito.

Mlengi Akhala ndi gwero mkulu wa makatiriji replaceable. Komanso, zitsanzo n'zosavuta fyuluta m'malo. Kuti tichite zimenezi, basi tilimbikire batani kuchotsa katiriji ndi kumanga ina yatsopano. N'zosiyana osmosis "Aquaphor" sikutanthauza disinfection zonse: pamene m'malo pafupifupi pamalo amene mabakiteriya akanakhoza kukhala kukhala mwangwiro oyera. madzi oyera adzakhala ali mpweya pambuyo Zosefera izi. zosafunika ena onse weeded kunja. Zosefera khalidwe ndi lalitali kwambiri.

Zosefera ku "Ecosoft"

Chiyukireniya wopanga "Ecosoft" umabala machitidwe banja pansi pa chizindikiro "madzi athu". Pakati pa mizere mankhwala - mtsuko otaya, chigamulocho dongosolo osmosis. Lero, kampani imeneyi ndi bwino zedi, ndi malonda ali kufunika ndipo amalandira ndemanga yothandiza.

Wapadera luso, amene anayamba kupanga asayansi ku Ukraine, angathandize yeretsani madzi ku zodetsa pafupifupi onse odziwika. Osmosis Sefani ndi kupirira ndi chitsulo, manganese, mankhwala organic ndi zitsulo zolemera. Wokonzeka njira ndi mu ankafuna kwambiri. kachitidwe kwenikweni kupanga khalidwe madzi ndi woyera.

Mtengo wa kupanga "madzi athu" si mkulu. Komabe, izi si fyuluta. Izi ndi lonse osiyanasiyana zipangizo, limene lakonzedwa kuti moyo wabwino kuposa anthu ambiri. Zikuphatikizapo hardware zonse zofunikira. kampani komanso manufactures Zosefera m'malo mzere wonse mankhwala. Onse amene amasamala za umoyo, muyenera ndithudi kugula okha dongosolo amenewa. Madzi - ndi moyo, ndi madzi oyera - wathanzi ndi osangalala m'moyo.