"Imitations wa Koran", Pushkin: Khadili. Ndakatulo "Imitations wa Koran"

Ndakatulo "Imitations wa Koran", ambiri chimodzi cha ntchito kwambiri maganizo a Aleksandra Sergeevicha Pushkina. Mfundo a ndakatulo bwanji nkhani chopweteka kwambiri - achipembedzo. Iye anayesera kuti akupereka owerenga zimene zimalepheretsa kutsatira chiphunzitso, osamvetsa akamanena za chikhulupiriro kumabweretsa disparagement munthu kuti munthu akhoza kusintha chikumbumtima chabe a anthu.

Mbiri ya kulemba ndakatulo "Imitations wa Koran" (Pushkin)

Analysis ntchito ayenera kuyamba ndi mbiri ya kulemba wake, kumvetsa zolinga za ndakatulo iyi. Atabwerera ku kulumikizana kum'mwera kwa ntchito yofunika Pushkin zaka 2 zambiri kuti ali kutali nthawi mu ukapolo tokha mu malo banja Mikhailovskoye. Zaufulu chifukwa tione pambuyo kuumitsa choncho chifukwa bambo ake.

Alexander anali munthu kudziŵa ndi chabe Imanyansidwa m'ndende sakanakhoza. Iye anayamba ntchito okhwima, kuchezera anansi ndi kundisautsa iwo kulankhula. Iwo anali anthu oona mtima, ndi ambiri a ndakatulo iyi zinthu momasuka ndi deign kulankhula nkhani pachithunzichi ndale. Kuphatikizapo - achipembedzo.

Kukambirana ndi Praskovya Osipova

Mwina chidwi kwambiri interlocutor kuti Pushkin anali Praskovya Alexandrovna Osipova, mnansi Mwenechiroache mundu. Iye ankakonda mawu a ndakatulo Pushkin za chilengedwe, ndakatulo kwambiri. mkaziyo anali ndi maganizo abwino anali kufuna ndipo anasangalala a ndakatulo iyi, okonda kupemphera. zipani akhoza maola otentha disputirovat pa chikhulupiriro. Pomaliza, Pushkin anaganiza kufotokoza mfundo zawo mu ndime zalembedwa mu 1825, 9-mutu ndakatulo "Imitations wa Koran".

Pushkin kusanthula chipembedzo anamanga pa kutanthauzira kwa malemba a Koran - Buku loyera la Asilamu. Mutu uliwonse zachokera mbiri makamaka kwa moyo ndi zochita za Mneneri Muhammad. Sizikudziwika ngati wanzeru wolemba Praskovya Alexandrovna ankakhulupirira kuti ndi zolondola, koma usavutike kutsutsana mwa anzake iye basi zimatheka.

Chidule

Ngakhale wolemba mwanzeru ngati mfundo yovuta anasankha chikhulupiriro yachilendo, ntchito chifukwa kuyankha resonant. Panali nthawi yosowa pamene panali kukondera bwino ndi mfundo za ndakatulo iyi. Kodi masautso Pushkin longoganizira? "Imitations wa Koran" kumakhudza maganizo kwambiri wapamtima ofunikira okhulupirika.

Koyamba, izi chilengedwe cha ntchito za mneneri. Koma ndi wokwanira kuganizira malemba komanso zimaonekeratu kuti nkhaniyi ndi za anthu wamba amene akukakamizidwa kumvera miyambi mwachimbulimbuli kamodzi analandira ndi malamulo a chikhulupiriro Muslim. Chifukwa Islam wankhondo ayenera amavula lupanga ndi kufa popanda kudziwa zimene zimayambitsa nkhondo, mu chiyembekezo kuti "Odala ali agwa pa nkhondo?" Pakuti achinyamata Muslim akazi kukhala "akazi kuyeretsa mneneri" ali likupita umbeta?

Pambuyo kuŵerenga leitmotif bwino ntchito "Imitations wa Koran". Vesi limatichenjeza kuti pamene okhulupirira nthawi zonse kutsatira malamulo, pali anthu amene amagwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zawo kuti tikwaniritse zolinga zawo.

Pushkin - kuli Mulungu?

"Nyamuka, mantha" - adzaitana pa ndakatulo iyi. "Pa ichi yankho lenileni" - ngati mkangano kutsogolera kusagwirizana ndi peremptory pempho Pushkin. Pa pali okhulupirira oyenera kuti: ". Kaisara zomwe ziri za Kaisara, ndi kwa Mulungu milungu"

Kulemba "Imitations wa Koran", Pushkin Kupenda zikutsutsana achipembedzo chilengedwe perete. Aliyense anamvetsa tanthauzo yophiphiritsa lembalo. Ngakhale tikulankhula za Islam, zikutanthauza chikhulupiriro (kuphatikizapo Orthodox). Involuntarily ndinaganiza tingafunse kuti Alexander - kuli Mulungu (monga mwa nthawi tsarist ankaona woukira). Komabe, siziri choncho. Amadziwika kuti Pushkin kulemekeza anthu achipembedzo ndipo anali a zipembedzo zonse. Iye anakhulupirira mwamphamvu kuti kupembedza akhungu si abwino amuululire zinthu zauzimu. Monga kuzindikira yekha kukhala mungathe kufika kwa Mulungu.

Compliance ndi ndakatulo mawu a m'Koran

Kodi inuyo yosanthula? "Imitations wa Koran" anthu olemba ankaona zovuta ntchito, chifukwa mawuwo zachokera Koran. Sikokwanira kudziwa malemba mabuku opatulika kuti Pushkin ntchito polemba ndakatulo, pamafunika kumvetsa intricacies wa Islam. Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana wasonyeza kuti ena quatrains molondola kwambiri amatsatira mfundo za Koran ndi zochokera kutanthauzira molondola lemba m'buku lino. Komabe, Pushkin sangakhale, koma si kubweretsa ufulu kutanthauzira kwa malemba a Asilamu, makamaka popeza akamanena za ndakatuloyi zikutanthauza kusintha, kubadwanso, renunciation cha mbalume.

Kuti timvetse zovuta zosaneneka kumasulira ntchito, musati yang'anani pa ndimeyo lonse la Pushkin a "Imitations wa Koran" ndi zina quatrains lapansi. Adzizungulira, wolembedwa mu 1824, imakhala mitu inayi. Atsegula chaputala choyamba, "Ndi banja lina wosamvetseka, ndipo ...", wopangidwa mwa quatrains anayi:

Ndikulumbira ndi banja, ndipo ngakhale,

Ndi lupanga ndi nkhondo lamanja,

Ndikulumbira nyenyezi ya mmawa,

Mwa pemphero madzulo:

Ayi, sindine sindikusiyani inu.

Amene aliyense mu mthunzi wa zinthu motayirira

Ndinkakwanitsa, mutu wa wachikondi wake,

Ndipo sichimva ndi maso Gonen?

Ine sindikufuna ee madzi ludzu tsiku

Inu kuwononga madzi?

Ndine osati chida anapatsa chinenero chanu

Mphamvu za maganizo?

Limbikani ndiye, napeputsa chinyengo,

Tsatirani njira yachilungamo mokondwera,

Chikondi ana amasiye ndi Qur'an wanga

Kuopa cholengedwa kulira.

The kusanthula onse ya mutu woyamba

Akamanena za masikolala wolemba ndakatulo kwambiri ndi kupeza zofanana mizere olembedwa ndi Pushkin, ndi mavesi a Koran. Ndiko kuti, tikupeza kuti pa tsinde aliyense mudziwe anadalira ndakatulo mu ankalemba ntchito "Imitations wa Koran". Vesi zovuta kuphunzira, choncho akatswiri chidwi kwambiri.

Choyamba, kunapezeka kuti zithunzi chapakati chaputala choyamba: "Gonen lakuthwa woona" ndiponso "mphamvu" "maganizo" wa chinenero - ndi kwina mu Quran. Nthawiyi kalembedwe kudalira ya woyamba ndi Vesi lotsiriza la ndakatulo kuchokera Quran si chipeneko. Ngati akuyembekezera chidwi otsutsa ntchito imeneyi, Pushkin anasiya mawu ena, amene anathandiza akatswiri kupanga kusanthula yolondola. "Imitations wa Koran" Mwachitsanzo, lili cholembedwa kuti vesi loyamba la ndakatulo iyi: "Mu malo ena Quran, Mulungu alumbira ziboda za atsala pang'ono, chipatso cha mkuyu, ufulu wa Mecca. Zachilendo kuti zimenezi losafuna zimapezeka Koran miniti iliyonse. "

Pafupi mutu wa choyamba Malamulo Vesi 89, amene Mulungu amapatsa ndakatulo mneneri wake, anabalalikira m'zigawo malemba a Qur'an. Onse a ofufuza ntchito taonera paubale wapafupi ndi Vesi lotsiriza la mzere woyamba wa quatrain chachiwiri ndi mitu 93 ya Quran kuti: "Mbuye wako sanadzisiyira inu ... Usachite akamenyane wamasiye, musati otemli nyenyeswa lapitali osauka, tikulalikirani inu chisomo cha Mulungu." Mu vesi 2 ndi 3 ndi malumikizanidwe mwachindunji za Qur'an sangaone.

Parsing chachiwiri quatrain ndakatulo "Kudzabwera Koran" (Pushkin)

Analysis wa gawo ili amachititsa mavuto. Mmenemo tikulankhula za kuthawa mozizwitsa kuzunzidwa, koma pushkinoveda ndithu kumvetsetsa, kuti nkhani zina kuchokera Koran ndi zoona. Tomashensky kafukufuku Mwachitsanzo, amanena kuti uthenga wofanana ndi Koran kumeneko. Komabe, anzake amanena kuti mu Quran pali maumboni kuwathamangitsa Mwachitsanzo:

• Chapter 8: "Mulungu ndi mneneri wake anatsogolera okhulupirika ku malo otetezedwa ndipo adatsitsa asilikali kulanga osakhulupirira."
• 9 Chapter: "Mwamsanga pamene iwo onse anabisala m'phanga, Mohammed kutonthozedwa minion wake," Usati setuy, Mulungu nafe. "

Komabe, kuzunzidwa kwa osakhulupirira Mohammed amatchulidwa Qur'an kwambiri mwachidule. Fomichev adafotokoza kuti Pushkin ankagwiritsa ntchito yonena za Muhammad a m'Koran kumasuliridwa mu French, Dushkin zopezeka mu laibulale. Bukuli limafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane mmene Muhammad ndi mnzake kuphanga kanthawi kuthawa Mecca, ndipo Mulungu akakhale pa khomo la mtengo phanga. Kuyang'ana mu mphanga ndipo ndinaona kuti pakhomo cobwebby ndipo kuti nkhunda kulephereka mazira apo, ankazunza anaona kuti panali kalekale palibe m'modzi anadza zapita.

Kugwirizana kwa Zipembedzo?

Mwina ndime Pushkin a "Imitations wa Koran" zovuta kutanthauzira, chifukwa kuti ndakatulo walowa mu ntchito ya nthano osati a m'Koran komanso wa Old Testament. Pambuyo Pushkin kulemekeza zipembedzo zonse. Mawu a "Zorka mazunzo" amatikumbutsa kufunafuna wina - chisautso cha Farao, Mose ndi anthu ake pa ulendo wochokera ku Iguputo.

N'zotheka kuti pamene kulenga ndakatulo wake Pushkin ankanena za nkhani ya m'Baibulo ya ulendo wa ku Nyanja Yofiira, kudziwa Mneneri Muhamadi mneneri Mose. Zifukwa chizindikiritso ichi kale anaika mu Korani, pamene Mose anasonyeza pamene anali kalambulabwalo wa Muhammad: Allah zonse akukumbutsa Mohammed wa kuloŵedwa lake lalikulu, mneneri wake woyamba - Mose. N'zosadabwitsa kuti buku "Eksodo" zimene akuchita Mose ananena, limatuluka anthu ambiri anaitenga ku Baibulo la Koran.

Analysis quatrain lachitatu

Mzere woyamba wa quatrain izi ofufuza za chilamulira chikhalidwe ndi ndime ya 11 ya mutu wa 8 wa Koran: "Musaiwale ... kako adatsitsa Madzi kuchokera kumwamba kusamba kwa inu, kuti yeretsani ndipo anapulumutsa zoipa diyavola". Komabe, Pushkin zifika ludzu lanu, osati kuyeretsa kwa "madzi a m'chipululu, osati madzi, wotumidwa kuchokera Kumwamba.

Mwina Pushkin umanena pa mwambo wina: kamodzi pa msewu omwe uli pakati Medina ndi Damaskom Magomet ankadabwa kutapira mmwamba ndowa ku kuyanika la mtsinje, koma ndi kuthira iwo mmbuyo ndi kutembenukira mu gwero wachuma wa gulu lonse lankhondo Napo. Koma Quran, nkhani imeneyi palibe. Choncho, ambiri ofufuza anayerekezera mzere woyamba wa Vesi lachitatu ndi wotchuka nkhani ya m'Baibulo ya momwe Mose madzi anthu, chokumana ndi ludzu mu chipululu, anakantha ndi ndodo ya mwala, kumene kasupe wa madzi, ndi kuti Mulungu anamulamulira. Mu Qur'an, nkhani imeneyi amatchulidwa kawiri (Chaputala 2 ndi 7).

Ndipo komabe - Baibulo?

Tiyeni tibwerere ku prehistory. Amene anali kufuna kuti Pushkin? "Imitations wa Koran" anabadwa mwa mikangano mwinimunda ndi Osipova za kulambira pa malingaliro a anthu. Wolemba ndakatulo mu ndime anafotokoza mfundo yake ya view. Mwina Pushkin moganizira kuti Osipova nkhani pafupi m'Baibulo, kapena iye anaona chidwi kuphatikiza zipembedzo angapo, kapena kusonyeza kuti zipembedzo zonse tinabadwa ofanana.

Amadziwika kuti pamene ntchito pa mndandanda "Imitations wa Koran" mu Pushkin pali afunika kutembenukira kwa Baibulo. "Ine ntchito kwa ulemerero wa Koran" - Pushkin analemba kuti mbale wake kalata, umene unalembedwa kwa manambala woyamba mu November 1824. Kenako, kumayambiriro 20 ya November, anapempha m'bale wake kumtumizako bukhu, "Baibulo, Baibulo! French ndi njira. " Zikuoneka kuti opaleshoni mkombero wa Pushkin adatengedwa monga amajambulapo maluwa okongola Muslim ndipo m'Baibulo.

Pomaliza

Admirers andakatulo anauziridwa ndi mawu a ndakatulo Pushkin za chikondi, akunjenjemera ndi chikhalidwe zokongola. Koma Pushkin, koposa zonse, mfulu, ndi nzeru zapamwamba, woganiza. A womenya akuchita zinthu zopanda chilungamo, nkhanza, kuponderezana. Tinachita "Imitations wa Koran" tinamwetsedwa mzimu wa ufulu, akuyitanira "Nyamuka, wamantha!"