Hoofed nyama gulu ndi structural mbali

Kavalo, Chipembere, mvuu, giraffe, mphalapala ... Mukuganiza, chimene chimagwirizanitsa zinyama izi? nyama zonsezi ungulates. M'nkhaniyi, ife tipeza ndizosowa gulu ndi mbali structural oimira awa nyama kalasi.

Hoofed nyama mbali wamba

Zala za gulu la nyama yokutidwa ndi dongosolo tentha mthupi - ziboda. Ichinso chimachititsa dzina lawo. Maziko a ungulates zakudya ndi chomera chakudya. Pa nkhani imeneyi, iwo ndi molars bwino-olemera ndi pamwamba zilimba zake ndi incisors. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito akupera chakudya. Kukwanitsa kudya athamanga, kudalira zala, ndi chizindikiro china, amene yodziwika ndi nyama. Ungulates komanso ndi dongosolo wapadera wa chapamwamba nthambi lamba - iwo alibe anakamba clavicle.

detachment wa equines

Oyimira a gulu limeneli sizovuta nyama zosiyanasiyana. Ungulates amaphatikizidwa mu squads awiri. Poyamba chiwerengero cha zala panthambi ndi imodzi kapena atatu. Iwo oimira kuti Perissodactyla. Modern taxonomy zikuphatikizapo mitundu 16 ya nyama. Anthu ambiri ndi mbidzi, kavalo, mbidzi, bulu, rhinoceros. mimba zawo ali ndi dongosolo losavuta kotero chimbudzi zakudya zomera akutenga mbali mabakiteriya amene amakhala mu m'matumbo.

Non-ruminant artiodactyls

Oimira Artiodactyls detachment zinthu zosiyanasiyana structural a dongosolo m'mimba. Nkhumba ndi mvuu si a ruminant. Iwo yodziwika ndi thunthu chachikulu ndi miyendo yochepa, limene lili zala zinayi. kachitidwe kawo ka chakudya ndi muyezo mamembala a dongosolo zolengedwa zoyamwitsa. The m'mimba ndi yosavuta, osati kusiyanitsidwa mu Dipatimenti.

Oimira sanali ruminant wotchuka. Mwachitsanzo, lalikulu hoofed nyama - Boar nyama kapena nkhumba. Iwo mosavuta anazindikira ndi kuipanikiza elongated ndi maliseche "dimes" padziko mphuno lapansi. Atatero, nyama digs pansi popanga chakudya. Boar amakhala makamaka thundu ndipo mumamera Nkhalango, wandiweyani chitsamba chilichonse m'nkhalango.

Chitsanzo china chidwi ndi sanali ruminant ungulates Mvuu kapena Mvuu. Izi chimphona weniweni, masekeli matani atatu. Ake khungu lakuda ayenera chinyezi nthawi zonse. Choncho, mvuu ndi theka-m'madzi moyo. Iwo n'zofala zotentha za East ndi Africa Central. Komabe, chifukwa cha poaching kupulula ambiri a iwo angapezeke mu malo otetezedwa.

ogawika-hoofed ruminants

Amagwiritsidwanso hoofed nyama, koma mbali yawo zimasiyanitsa ndi kapangidwe wapadera wa dongosolo m'mimba. Choncho, ndi thandizo la incisors lakuthwa kudula ziwalo edible zomera. mankhwala mankhwala ikuchitika ndi malovu, pamene zina makina umapezeka - molars mosabisa.

m'mimba ruminant ali anayi m'madipatimenti apadera. Woyamba, ndipo ambiri voluminous wa iwo, ndi rumen. Zimachitika chithandizo enzymatic chakudya. zinthu izi alipo mu malovu ndi allocated mitundu enieni mabakiteriya symbiotic moyo mmimba.

Kenako chakudya akulowa gululi, ndi nyama regurgitate izo mmbuyo M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Apa ndi chingamu anapanga. Iye kachiwiri wothira malovu, kutafuna, ndiyeno amapita kwa m'mimba lachitatu - bukhu.

gawo ili otchedwa osati mwangozi. Makoma ake ndi makutu kuti kwenikweni zowoneka ofanana masamba a bukhu. Choncho chakudya pang'ono m'mimba akulowa magawano wotsiriza, amene amatchedwa "rennet" ndipo kenako ndi lamamatira ndi zochita za madzi muzituluka. Pakuti ruminants monga kadyansonga, ng'ombe, mphalapala, mbuzi, agwape, njati ndi mbawala yamphongo.

Ziboda Pet ntchito anthu zachuma

mitundu ya ungulates zofunika kwambiri chuma. Chitsanzo chidwi kwambiri ndi chitukuko lonse la kuswana nkhumba. Munthu wakhala kuswana nyama akadali BC. e. pa wosanjikiza achikale. Ponseponse kukuchititsa zimenezi anafika kuthokoza ntchito mkulu zokolola, phindu mphamvu, wodzichepetsa kuti zikhalidwe nyengo. Nkhumba kuswana nthambi kutsogolera nyama China a ulimi, Japan, Korea, Germany, Britain, France, Russia, ndi Ukraine.

"Imwani, ana, mkaka - kukhala wathanzi!" Awa ndi bwino kuti onse kuyambira ali chingwe akukumbukira aliyense wa ife. Ng'ombe - ungulates lina lalikulu galu kuti anthu ambiri amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu malonda awo. Izo zikugwira kuswana kubala osati mkaka ndi nyama, komanso khungu wapatali. Mamuna atoma domesticate ng'ombe mu nthawi Neolithic, koma m'mayiko ena amaonedwa nyama yopatulika. atsogoleri World kupanga ng'ombe ndi United States, Brazil, China, Argentina, Russia.

Chotero anaitana ungulates nyama imene zala kudziteteza formations wandiweyani tentha mthupi. Onsewo ndi nthumwi za nyama kalasi. Malinga chiwerengero cha zala pa nthambi kusiyanitsa unpaired - ndi ogawika-hoofed nyama.