HIV: matenda ndi mankhwala, kupewa

kuthi immunodeficiency syndrome zoposa zaka makumi anai, ndi limodzi mwa mavuto chifungulo cha anthu masiku ano. Choncho, matenda HIV tsopano kukopa kwambiri chidwi ndi chuma. Ndipotu, mwamsanga adzakhululukidwa wapezeka HIV wowononga chitetezo cha m'thupi la thupi, ndi apamwamba adzakhala mwayi kupewa imfa.

Akamanena za vuto

Pansi acronym ndi HIV amabisa tanthauzo la kamene kamawononga chitetezo m'thupi - mmodzi wa owopsa pakati panopa. Imawalamulira pali maganizo kwambiri katundu poteteza lake. Zimenezi kumapangitsa kuti zikamera wa malignancies zosiyanasiyana ndi matenda sekondale.

Chitani HIV matenda akhoza mu njira zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina matenda chipha munthu zaka 3-4, zina ukhoza zaka zoposa 20. M'pofunikanso podziwa kuti HIV ndi osakhazikika ndipo mwamsanga akamwalira pamene thupi liri kunja kwa nthandala.

HIV akhoza ali umuna, magazi, menses ndi zopangitsa ukazi katulutsidwe. Monga zimayambitsa matenda kukumbukira mavuto monga matenda periodontal, abrasions, ndi kuvulala ena.

HIV angathe opatsirana chongopeka, ndipo kudzera mwa bloodborne biokontaktnogo limagwirira.

Ngati panali kukhudzana limodzi ndi chotengera cha HIV, kusatetezeka ndi otsika, koma mogwirizana zonse izo limatuluka kwambiri. Matenda a HIV - ichi ndi chimene sitingakane, makamaka posintha bwenzi kugonana

Samalani ndalama ndi njira parenteral matenda. Iwo angayambe pa magazi magazi zakhudzana, jakisoni ndi masingano amene zakhudzana ndi magazi a anthu ndi kachirombo ka HIV, komanso sanali wosabala chamankhwala (zizindikiro, kuboola pochotsedwa mano pogwiritsa ntchito zida osati ankachitira bwino).

Iwo ayenera kudziwa kuti kufala kukhudzana-m'banja sayenera kuchita mantha. Koma mfundo ndi yakuti munthu ali ndi chiwopsezo mkulu HIV. Ndipo ngati munthu kachilombo opitirira zaka 35, kupitirira kwa AIDS amapezeka kwambiri mofulumira kuposa anthu amene alibe kugonjetsa makumi atatu kunja.

Zizindikiro zazikulu

Inde, njira yabwino kudziwa vuto kapena kupanda kwake - ndi matenda a HIV. Koma chimene chimayambitsa akhoza kukhala munthu, kutsogolera moyo wathanzi, kupita ndipo fufuzani nokha pa mfundo kachilomboka? Sizachilendo kanthu zimenezi ayenera penapake wolungama. Choncho n'kofunika kudziwa zimene zizindikiro mwina zimasonyeza njira zoipa zimene kubisa chitetezo cha m'thupi.

Siteji ya makulitsidwe a HIV popanda magazi kuti awulule ndi chodziwikiratu kuti apambane, chifukwa thupi pa nthawi ichi sakulabadira kuti zinthu ankhanza.

Gawo lachiwiri (kuwonetsera chachikulu) popanda thandizo la dokotala akhoza kutenga malo padera. Koma nthawi zina pali kugawanika yogwira HIV ndi thupi limayamba kuchita izo - limati malungo, osiyana polymorphic zotupa splenic syndrome ndi pharyngitis. Mu ndime yachiwiri mwina agwirizane matenda sekondale monga nsungu, matenda a mafangasi, chibayo ndi ena.

Pakuti lachitatu, siteji zobisika, yodziwika ndi kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono immunodeficiency. Chifukwa chakuti maselo chitetezo dongosolo kufa, mphamvu ya ulimi wawo kuchuluka, ndipo izi angalipirire awiri. Pa nthawi imeneyi ochepa lymph mfundo za thupi machitidwe osiyana kukhala chofuna. Koma ululu si anati. Wapakati zobisika nthawi chimakhala cha zaka 6 ndi 7, koma akhoza anachedwa, ndi 20.

Pa siteji yachiwiri ya matenda, ndilo chachinayi, co-matenda kuoneka mafangasi protozoan bakiteriya, magwero tizilombo malignancies. Zonsezi zikuchitika ndi maziko a immunodeficiency kwambiri.

Njira matenda a HIV

Kulankhula kuponderezana zozama za njira chitetezo cha thupi chifukwa cha kukhudzana ndi HIV, ndi Dziwani kuti tsogolo la wodwalayo Pankhaniyi zimadalira matenda yake ndi zolondola.

Kuti tichite zimenezi, mu mankhwala amakono, machitidwe osiyanasiyana mayeso, zomwe ndi zochokera immunohemilyuminestsentny ndi puloteni immunoassay magazi. njira izi n'zotheka kudziwa kukhalapo kwa chitetezo yoperekedwa kwa magulu osiyanasiyana. chifukwa zimathandiza kwambiri pa zili mudziwe njira mawunikidwe, matenda kulunjika ndi tcheru pochita zinthu ndi matenda opatsirana.

Chidwi komanso ndi chakuti njira polymerase unyolo anachita kutenga matenda HIV ndi mlingo watsopano. Ngati mfundo kuphunzira woyenera zosiyanasiyana zipangizo kwachilengedwenso: madzi a m'magazi, biopsy, kuchipala, seramu, cerebrospinal kapena madzimadzi pleural.

Ngati ife kulankhula za njira ya maphunziro choyezera, iwo kwenikweni lolunjika pa chizindikiritso cha nambala ya matenda ofunika. Tikuyankhula zokhudza HIV, TB, matenda onse opatsirana pogonana, ndi matenda a chiwindi tizilombo.

Zinasonyeza immunodeficiency virus amagwiritsidwa ntchito maselo majini ndi serological mayesero. Mbali yoyamba anatsimikiza mtima RNA ndi tizilombo DNA proviral, ngati chachiwiri, kusanthula chitetezo ku HIV P24 Antigen ndipo wapezeka.

M'zipatala ndi ntchito, titero, njira chakale matenda zimagwiritsa ntchito muyezo protocol kukayezetsa serological.

matenda oyambirira a HIV

Mtundu uwu wa mtima wa matenda mfundo zofunikira pofuna kudziwa chiopsezo chitetezo mwamsanga. Izi munazipereka, kupewa kufalikira kwa matenda, kachiwiri, bwanji matendawa ndi gawo oyambirira.

Ngati ife tione chitsanzo cha Russia, gulu matenda a HIV unayamba mu Army ndi Bulu la Chitaganya cha Russia. Kunapatsa zotsatira zabwino: ndondomeko oyambirira matenda matenda wakhala zambiri mosavuta.

Pamene zizindikiro zosonyeza kusonyeza kuwonongeka zotheka kwa chitetezo cha m'thupi, n'zotheka kudziwa mutu, Thukuta usiku ndi kutopa unmotivated. N'zothekanso chitukuko cha watentha thupi ndi zizindikiro za zilonda zapakhosi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti kutentha limatuluka digiri 38 kapena kuposa, ndipo potero kuonjezera tonsils Palatine, ndipo tione ululu Pomeza. Zonse izi lowonjezera ndi imfa mwamsanga kulemera. Pa nthawi yomweyo, zizindikiro ndi ovuta.

Nthawi zina matenda HIV mu magawo oyambirira angayambe zosiyanasiyana kusintha mu chikhalidwe khungu. Tikuyankhula zokhudza mawanga, roseola, abscesses, abrasions ndi ena matenda Early HIV. Kumaphatikizaponso ntchito ndi zizindikiro monga zowombetsa mkota kapena zochepa kuwonjezeka mwanabele zotumphukira.

Ngati pali kukula munthawi yomweyo mfundo zingapo lymph kuti kumatenga miyezi itatu kapena kuposa, ndipo magulu osiyana kupatula groin, ndiye pali zifukwa kuganiza HIV a dongosolo anthu m'thupi.

Akulankhula za matenda zapambuyo pake, muyenera khutu ku chiwonetsero cha immunodeficiency sekondale, nthawi zambiri kumachitika pansi pa amati zizindikiro zosiyana matenda. Awa ndi mawonetseredwe zotsatirazi:

• unmotivated zowombetsa mkota lymphadenopathy zotumphukira;
• arthralgia osadziwika etiology amene ali ndi undulating panopa;
• ARI (pachimake kupuma matenda), kutupa kwa mapapu ndi Airways, zomwe zimapezeka zambiri chakwanira;
• malungo chiyambi osadziwika yaitali otsika kalasi malungo;
• ambiri kawopsedwe, amene anaonetsa kufooka unmotivated, kutopa, ulesi, ndi ena.

HIV-matenda pa nthawi pamene anayendera zikuphatikizapo matenda monga sarcoma Kaposi, maonekedwe angapo akuwonetseredwa neoplasms zambiri mu kumtunda kwa thupi achinyamata, kenako chitukuko zazikulu ndi metastasis.

Polymerase unyolo anachita

Poganizira njira zosiyanasiyana za matenda a HIV, ayenera mwapadera. Pomwepo tisaiwale kuti magazi akhoza umalimbana makhalidwe kachulukidwe ndi Mkhalidwe.

Monga cholinga cha njira imeneyi kudziwika HIV zingadziŵike ntchito zotsatirazi:

• oyambirira matenda a HIV;
• angalongosolere pamaso pa zotsatira zokayikitsa kumapeto immunoblottingovogo kafukufuku;
• chizindikiritso cha siteji makamaka matendawa;
• kuyan'anila mphamvu ya mankhwala kupondereza HIV.

Ngati ife kulankhula za matenda chachikulu, tisaiwale kuti njira imeneyi zimathandiza kudziwa HIV RNA magazi pambuyo pa masiku 14 matenda. Izi ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri. Choncho chokha chifukwa chophunzira adzakhala mawu Mkhalidwe, kaya zabwino (HIV alipo) kapena zoipa.

Kachulukidwe PCR akuti

Mtundu wa polymerase unyolo anachita ntchito kudziwa liwiro zotheka a AIDS, ndi kulosera nthawi ya moyo wodwalayo.

Kachulukidwe mtima wa HIV RNA maselo magazi limachititsa kumvetsa pamene matenda umalowa mu gawo matenda.

M'pofunikanso powasamalira chakuti zasayansi HIV njira yodziwira kupereka zotsatira zolondola, ngati chofunika kwa kusanthula biomaterial anatsimikiza molondola, ndi mpanda wake wapangidwa molondola.

Kuti agwire polojekiti khalidwe kachilombo zofunika (n'kotheka) kugwiritsa ntchito njira Integrated kuphunzira za m'thupi la wodwalayo. Tikuyankhula zokhudza mtima kachulukidwe ndi zinchito mayunitsi onse a dongosolo chitetezo: ma, chitetezo chokwanira humoral ndi nonspecific kukana ngati zimenezi.

matenda zasayansi

Kunadetsa zasayansi zamakono ntchito njira Mipikisano maziko kuyerekeza boma la chitetezo cha m'thupi. Njira imeneyi kumafuna kupeza subpopulation a chitetezo, lymphocytes mu magazi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti nkhani atengedwa mu chiŵerengero maselo CD4 / CD8. Ngati chifukwa limasonyeza zosakwana 1.0, pali zifukwa immunodeficiency akuganiza.

Laboratory matenda a HIV pazikhalanso mayeso ichi ndi kuvomerezedwa, kuyambira HIV ndi mmene kusankha chotupa CD4-lymphocytes, imbaenda ku kusokonezeka Amowabu wa chiŵerengero (zosakwana 1.0) tatchulazi.

Kuonanso bwino immunological udindo madokotala akhoza kuchititsa mayeso pamaso pa "akhakula" kapena ambiri zopindika dongosolo mu chitetezo chokwanira humoral ndi ma. Ndi za hypogammaglobulinemia hypergammaglobulinemia kapena gawo osatha, komanso kuchepetsa kupanga cytokine, kuwonjezera ndende ya kufalitsidwa maofesi m'thupi zofooketsa ayankhe ndi lymphocytes kuti mitogens ndi antigens.

M'pofunikanso powasamalira chakuti zasayansi matenda a HIV ali mbali ziwiri izi:

1. Kuphimba zasayansi. Ngati panali zabwino mu Elisa (puloteni-zogwirizana immunosorbent zofufuza), izo akubwerezedwa kawiri m'dongosolo yemweyo popanda kusintha seramu. Ngati kumene kuli awiri a akufufuza atatu zinachititsa kuti anapeza kachilombo chikoka seramu anatumiza atafufuza kwa zasayansi pakuyenerera.
2. Mbali yachiwiri, yomwe ndi njira zasayansi diagnostics kachilombo ka HIV, - tanthauzo la chitetezo cha m'thupi. Amakhulupirira mu tatchulawa zasayansi pakuyenerera. Apanso Sera zabwino ankafufuza mu Elisa, koma ntchito machitidwe osiyana mayeso, amene isiyana zikuchokera wakale antigens, chitetezo kapena mtundu wa mayesero okha. Kudziwa chifukwa zoipa ikuchitika kuphunzira malangizo wachitatu dongosolo mayeso. Ngati zotsatira za HIV chifukwa sizinapezekebe, izo Amatseka pakalibe HIV. Koma ndi zabwino, ndi seramu amaphunzira mu liniya kapena m'thupi kuipitsa.

Potsilizira pake ngati amenewa aligorivimu umabala zabwino, ndale kapena zoipa zotsatira.

Nzika iliyonse ayenera kudziwa kuti alipo diagnostics HIV. AIDS tingaone mabungwe payekha, oyang'anira tauni kapena pagulu thanzi.

chithandizo

Kumene, chizindikiritso cha HIV chikakhala ntchito pang'ono, pakalibe njira zosiyanasiyana kukhudzana ndi matenda. Ndipo ngakhale panthawi likadali palibe katemera amene akanakhoza kwathunthu n'chongoletsa HIV, matenda enieni woyenera, mankhwala ndi yotsatira zopewera HIV akhoza kwambiri kusintha wodwala, potero kutalikitsa moyo wake. nkhani yolembedwa Izi zikutsimikiziridwa ndi chakuti pafupifupi moyo amayembekezeka amuna amene anayamba mankhwala oyambirira a HIV ndi zaka 38. Akazi amene kuyamba odana immunodeficiency virus, moyo avareji zaka 41.

Kamodzi matenda wakhala anachita, chithandizo HIV yafupika kugwiritsa ntchito njira zingapo. Monga mmodzi wa ambiri n'zotheka kudziwa yogwira ma ARV mankhwala HAART ali yemweyo. Ngati nthawi ndi mwaluso ntchito mtundu uwu wa mankhwala, n'zotheka kwambiri amachepetsa mphamvu ya AIDS kapena ngakhale kuchiletsa.

HAART zomwenso inali yakuti pa nthawi yomweyo kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala angapo mankhwala, amene cholinga chake ndi kusonkhezera njira zosiyanasiyana immunodeficiency virus.

Pambuyo njira zosiyanasiyana matenda HIV anazindikira mfundo za matenda, mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito, amene ali ndi zotsatira izi:

• Immunological. Ziziyenda chitetezo cha m'thupi, kunama mlingo wa T-lymphocytes ndi akuchira chitetezo matenda osiyanasiyana.
• Chipatala. Izo kumathandiza chitukuko cha AIDS ndi mawonetseredwe ake onse, kutalikitsa moyo wa odwala ndi kuteteza ntchito thupi.
• Virological. Zimachitika kutsekereza HIV chulutsa, potero kuchepetsa katundu tizilombo ndipo kenako kuliika pa mlingo wochepa.

N'zovuta Musaone kufunika kwa zinthu zoterozo yaikulu matenda, monga matenda, mankhwala ndi kupewa HIV. Choncho, chinthu chabwino mungachite pambuyo zotsatira zabwino za kafukufuku pa nkhani ya matenda - ndi yomweyo anayamba kulimbana ndi matendawa. Monga njira ina imene zingakuthandizeni kudziwa chithandizo virological.

Pankhaniyi tikulankhula ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo ndipo musalole HIV angagwirizanitse kwa T-lymphocytes, ndipo kuti mkati thupi. mankhwala otchedwa zoletsa kulowa. Mu "Tselzentri" angaperekedwe chitsanzo chapadera.

Kupondereza HIV angagwiritsidwe ntchito tizilombo protease zoletsa. Cholinga cha gulu ili la mankhwala ndi kuteteza matenda a maselo atsopano. Ndi mankhwala monga "Viracept", "Reyataz", "Kaletra" neri Al.

Gulu lachitatu la mankhwala apakhungu - ndi n'zosiyana transcriptase zoletsa. Iwo ayenera kuti asalalikire puloteni kuti amalola HIV kuchulukitsa RNA mu phata la lymphocyte a. Njirazi kulola zimakhudzanso appreciable pa nkhani monga HIV. Matenda, mankhwala ndi kupewa AIDS - mlandu wa madokotala oyenerera, kotero aligorivimu ntchito mankhwala, iwo achipange icho.

monga zotsatira immunologic ndi matenda akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kuli kofunika.

kupewa

The World Health Organization amapereka njira zotsatirazi kachilombo ka HIV:

• Kupewa kachirombo pogonana. Ndi kugonana, makondomu, STD mankhwala ndi maphunziro otetezeka mapulogalamu.
• Kwa amayi oyembekezera omwe HIV matenda anali atazindikira, - matenda, kuteteza, pogwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oyenerera, komanso uphungu akatswiri ndi mankhwala.
• Organization zopewera kudzera mankhwala magazi. Pankhaniyi tikulankhula odana ndi HIV processing ndi afufuze kutero.
• thandizo Social ndi pochiritsa odwala komanso mabanja awo.

Matenda HIV sanaulule kukhalapo kwa HIV, muyenera kutsatira malamulo osavuta chitetezo:

• ngati magazi matenda afika pa khungu lanu, tiyenera nthawi yomweyo kutsukidwa ndi sopo ndi madzi, kenako ndondomeko kukhudzana mowa malo;
• Ngati kuwonongeka wakhala kuwapeza zinthu nkhani ya HIV, m'pofunika compress chilonda, Finyani magazi pokonza malo a hydrogen peroxide, ndi m'mbali cauterize ayodini;
• konse ntchito syringe kuti sterility wakhala kusweka;
• panthawi yogonana ntchito kondomu, ndipo ndi bwino poyamba kuyesa naye kwa infiltrations.

zotsatira

Chifukwa chakuti matenda HIV sali mu malo, anthu ambiri amatha kuyamba mankhwala pa nthawi ndipo kwambiri kuonjezera moyo zaka zambiri. Chinthu chachikulu si kunyalanyaza waledzera ndi musaope kupita kwa dokotala.