Hero City Moscow. N'chifukwa chiyani Moscow - mzinda-ngwazi? Pamene Moscow anali kupereka mutu Hero-City?

"Likulu la Mama athu - Hero City Moscow". mawu awa akhala ngati cliché, ndipo chabe zolembalemba cliche, pang'onopang'ono m'malo tanthauzo lakuya, poyamba padera mu lingaliro ili. Kutanthauza "ngwazi mzinda"? Kodi ichi mkulu udindo ubwino uliwonse? Kuti moyo otchulidwa pano mosalekeza? Koma nanga ena kumizinda, kumidzi, m'midzi, midzi? Pali otchulidwa pang'ono anabadwa?

mafunso amenewa ananyamuka zonse m'zaka khumi zapitazi, ndipo tsopano ndi nthawi kuti ndiyesere kuwayankha iwo, ngakhale silidzakhala Lofewa.

Mutu wa Hero ndi mbiri yake mwachidule

Only kumapeto kwa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, lingaliro la "ngwazi mzinda". Moscow, ngakhale likulu, analandira udindo uwu sakutero yomweyo osati choyamba.

Palokha, mutu wa Hero wa Soviet Union anatumizidwa mu dziko lathu kuyambira 1934, ndipo anatsindika dipuloma boma. Mu 1939, panali chizindikiro kuonekera mu mawonekedwe a zokongoletsa - nyenyezi ya golide. Ankalemekeza mphoto imeneyi okha bravest, makamaka kumalo ozizira. Pamene Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, zochita akhala misa chodabwitsa, ndipo kutsogolo ndi kumbuyo, ndi madera wotanganidwa la mdani. Kukwezeleza khamu lopondereza m'chilimwe ndi yophukira 1941 ndimati kudya mokwanira, koma ena, kuzembera kukumana nkhondo mtima kumbuyo asilikali ndi anthu. Izi chodabwitsa kwa nthawi yoyamba imawunikidwa ndi Mtsogoleri Wamkulu I. V. Stalin, ndipo izo zinachitika pa mapeto a nkhondo, mu nkhani masiku pamaso pa kugonja kwa Germany, May 1. Izo zinali ndiye zinkamveka akuti "ngwazi mzinda". Moscow silinatchulidwe, wotchedwa Stalingrad, Leningrad, Odessa ndi Sevastopol. malamulo Official sanali afalitsidwa kwambiri, onse osungidwa mumalengeza.

Woyamba mzinda-ngwazi

Odessa nkhondo isanayambe analidi malire mzinda. Romania anali, monga ena makumi angapo makilomita, kutalika kwa izo zikhoza kuganiziridwa wophiphiritsa, ngakhale pambuyo gawo la Moldova zamakono mbali ya USSR. Mu October 1941, mzere kutsogolo anakhalabe khola m'dera unachitika pafupifupi mzinda wa mzinda. Pa nthawi yomweyo, alonda Wehrmacht taonera mu zoyang'anira Kremlin nyenyezi. mzinda anamuthawa asilikali Soviet mkulu wa General Likulu. A mbali yaikulu mu chitetezo cha Odessa ankaimba anthu a mumzindawo.

Leningrad anali atazunguliridwa ndi pang'ono mu Odessa. Kuti atamusamutsa kuti nzika amadziwika kuti aliyense schoolchild: ndi anatseka misewu, njala, mabomba, imfa ya masauzande anthu, mumamva mazunzo. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mabungwe ang'onoang'ono mafakitale anapitiriza ntchito ndi kupanga zida za zokometsera wa mzinda waukulu uwu. Anakhalabe wosagonjetsedwa, mwendo kukhalamo si analowa m'misewu waulemerero.

Sevastopol ... mawu limalankhula kwa mtima uliwonse Russian anakhala chizindikiro cha ulemerero wa Red Army ndi Bulu. mdani adalowera, pambuyo akuvutika zomvetsa chachikulu, pambuyo kuzinga yaitali, amatengeka ndi gulu lalikulu la kuukira Moscow ndi Caucasus.

Stalingrad anakhala malo 22 magulu Nazi anakumana mapeto awo. Kuwoloka basi msewu, dziko la Germany zifunika lobweretsa zomvetsa kuposa adani a m'mayiko a ku Ulaya.

Izi mizinda ndi Stalin anali kuganiza pamene anayambitsa mawu akuti "ngwazi mzinda". Moscow Komabe, komanso anachititsa chipwirikiti.

Otsala a mzinda-ngwazi

Tsopano satini, kuphatikizapo linga la Brest. Ngati dongosolo choyambirira udindo uwu mkulu kupereka midzi, kupereka kukana kwa mdani pa chitetezo ndi thandizo la misa am'deralo, kenako unachoka lamulo limeneli. Mu 1961, lamulo la Presidium wa USSR Supreme Soviet ngwazi-mzinda Kiev anatsimikizidwa, ngakhale pambuyo miyezi iwiri silikhali, kwenikweni anali kuika popanda kumenyana. Mafotokozedwe kwa izi, mu nkhondoyo akukhudzidwa Mlembi Choyamba N. S. Hruschev, ndipo iye anali chabe "zabwino kuchita." Pafupifupi zifukwa zofanana, iwo anali anthu otchuka a mzinda wa Novorossiysk ndi Kerch, pali kokha kuti "onse imatsogoleredwa" wina mlembi wamkulu, nthawi imeneyi L. I. Brezhnev. Kumene, panali ndewu, ndi wankhanza kwambiri, komanso Kharkov zinachitikadi, ndipo pa Yelnya, ndi Rzhev ... Ndipo Kursk? Ndipo zowonadi, ngati ife kuyambira zenizeni mbiri, palibe mzinda wa Brest kwa Volga sakuyenera udindo. Nkhondo chinapokosera kulikonse, ndipo iwo anali onse zoopsa.

anthu ochepa angadabwe chifukwa Moscow - mzinda-ngwazi. Iwo zosavuta monga anafotokoza.

kutanthauza Moscow

Wachiwiri World nkhondo linadzaza ndi ophiphiritsa. French utsogoleri anasaina agonje kwa galimoto yakaleyo, kamodzi lanyozedwa ndi Germany. Hitler poyerekeza yekha ndiye kuti Frederick, ndiye Barbarossa, ndipo mwamantha pa lamba chomangira lamba anaberekera mawu "Mulungu ali nafe." Pakuti Nazi Moscow ndi Leningrad, zizindikiro kwambiri, akhala, popeza katswiri kuti, ankaganiza kuti aphwanye Soviet Union ndi Russia. Kuyambira mfundo asilikali chuma view, ngakhale kugwa Wonenedwa ku likulu sindimatanthauza chigonjetso cha nkhondo Hitler itatha. Soviet Union anali mafakitale m'munsi Titanic mu Urals, ndipo iye, danga yaikulu analola kuchita ntchito ndi kuvala pansi mdani, mphamvu kupopera pa mamiliyoni makilomita lalikulu madera mukukhala. Komabe, yobereka likulu kuti munthu asakhale wa chizindikiro yofunika kwambiri dziko, kuzula makhalidwe a ndodo ndi kugwa kwa chiyembekezo. Ndi bwino kudziwa Hitler, Stalin, ndipo miyanda miyanda ya anthu Soviet.

mfundo zitatu

mfundozi makhalidwe mwina ndifotokoze chifukwa Moscow - mzinda-ngwazi. Mwachidule, inu mukhoza kuwonjezera zina. Pa nkhani ya kugwa likulu Soviet malinga Intelligence mu nkhondo akhoza kulowa Japan. Ndi nthawi. Mpaka chaka cha 1941, asilikali a ku Germany patsogolo patsogolo yekha, ankaoneka palibe chikanaletsa, koma sachedwa ayi. Ndi ziwiri. Dziko lonse lapansi nkhawa kuonera sewero kudzakwaniritsa mu East, ndi momwe ali kusintha, ankadalira tsoka thandizo mwanzeru polimbana ndi USSR. Izi atatu. Ambiri mwina, pali zifukwa zina, koma izi amaonedwa kukhala chinthu chachikulu.

Kugonjetsedwa kwa Germany pafupi Moscow

Moscow anali malo oyamba pa mapu Hrs, kumene Wehrmacht zowawa fiasco onongani. Zinali kuchotsa. Losses anali choopsa ndi ogwira ndi luso. Kugwa makhalidwe ankaoneka zambiri zoopsa. Pre-kusindikizidwa matikiti kwa "perete wa opambana 'nthawi yomweyo anataya kufunika awo ndi mwasonyezedwa kuti dziko monga umboni wa manyazi kudzikuza. Pakokha zokwanira mu December 1941, ankanena kuti Moscow - mzinda-ngwazi. Photo minda chipale anaphimba, lili ndi zipangizo wosweka ndi German mitembo ankhondowo ouziridwa ziyembekezo za anthu a m'mayiko azikhala ndi anayambitsa kukayikira kwambiri kulondola kwa malamulo a Hitler lankhondo. Japan pankhondo ndipo sanakwere.

udindo boma

Potumiza Moscow udindo wa "ngwazi mzinda" zinachitika madzulo a tsiku la makumi awiri a Chigonjetso mu 1965. Pamodzi ndi likulu ophiphiritsa mphoto anapatsidwa mizinda zisanu (kuphatikizapo anayi Stalin zaka makumi awiri kale, ndipo Kiev), komanso Brest linga, kaboma ka ungwazi anthu Soviet kuti atatsala pang'ono. Anthu ambiri masiku ano angavutike kumvetsa chifukwa zimasangalala kuti anthu kuphunzira za chochitika woterowo. No chuma mutu sanapereke Komabe, anthu anali jubilant. Komabe, ndi ndege ya opita Union anachititsa mtima monga chiwawa, ngati pamene Moscow anali kupereka mutu Hero City. Inde, m'nthawi yathu, makamaka achinyamata, zimakhala zovuta kumvetsa ...

Chifukwa,

Choncho lomwelo, limene aipatsa udindo waukulu wa Muscovites wamba? Mwina kwa iwo monga "otchuka" kudalira udindo kapena kuchotsera atapereka tariffs zofunikira? No kupeza phindu udindo uwu sasamalira. Komanso akusokoneza ntchito zina. Podziwa kuti likulu lathu, mzinda wopambana wa Moscow, anachita ntchito zofunika kwambiri pa kugonjetsa mdani, sioneka, wankhanza ndi amphamvu, ndi ozindikira okhudzidwa ake mu mbiri wamba aliyense Muscovite, ngati Odessa, ku Kiev kapena ku St. Petersburg, tsopano ali ndi yolemekezeka kunyamula okumbukira olimba ndi nsembe ya makolo ulemerero. Ndipo ngati mukufuna kukhala wopambana.