Hawthorne kuyesera chilengedwe ndi maganizo "ndi anthu" E. Mayo

Wotchuka American wasayansi chikhalidwe E. Mayo anaphunzitsidwa Chaanthu ndi chiphunzitso kasamalidwe ndi mfundo zofunika kwambiri monga "ubale wa anthu." Mawu amenewa anakhala maziko osati mapangidwe kasamalidwe chitsanzo ogwira ntchito yeniyeni, komanso kuti akonze kasamalidwe mfundo ya boma ndi anthu onse.

ndi anthu mfundo E. Mayo, ndi kupitiriza organic za ziphunzitso yapita (makamaka mfundo F. Taylor), izo zakhala zikuchitika chifukwa cha kafukufuku lalikulu wochitidwa ndi asayansi amene amatchedwa Hawthorne kuyesera.

Mu 1927 E. Mayo kuti ndikachite pa kampani "Western Zamagetsi" kukhazikitsa mwambo ndi kumalo a ntchito. Choncho anayamba wotchuka Hawthorne kuyesera, anatambasula mu nthawi ya zaka zisanu.

Hawthorne zatsopano E. Mayo zikuphatikizapo masiteji 4 chachikulu.

Gawo loyamba anali kuyesera kudziwa zotsatira za kuunika pa mphamvu ya ntchito. M'kupita kwa antchito kafukufuku ameneyu anagawidwa m'magulu awiri: mmodzi pang'onopang'ono kuchuluka chiwalitsiro cha kuntchito, ndiponso ena anasiya chirichonse monga izo zinali. adagalukira pachiyambi "Taylor mfundo": kusintha kwa kantchito kutsogozedwa ndi kuwonjezeka zokolola. Komabe, pa nthawi ndi gulu wachiwiri akhala kuwongolera, kuwonjezera, ndi atabwerera makhalidwe choyambirira cha ntchito chiwalitsiro anapitiriza kuwonjezeka.

E. Mayo anapeza kuti ngati zabwino udindo waukulu ankaimba ndi zotsatira za nkhani ya ogwira ntchito mu zimenezo, ndi chimene iwo amamvera chidwi ya akuluakulu.

Mu gawo lachiwiri la E. Mayo anawayesa zotsatira za zinthu zosiyanasiyana za chuma, chikhalidwe ndi maganizo kupanga. Kuti tichite zimenezi, anasankha ogwira ntchito asanu, kupeza iwo ku mpumulo wa gulu, ndipo ndi wachiwiri wake, amene anali kusewera udindo wa mtsogoleri mwamwayi unachitikira mndandanda wa zinthu zatsopano. Kumayambiriro a zikhalidwe ntchito anali ndasintha: kuchuluka malipiro, anayambitsa yopuma zina, kuchuluka chiwerengero cha linanena bungwe. Labor zokolola ndi ndiye, ndithudi, kuchuluka. Koma ngakhale atabwerako mikhalidwe yapita wa dzuwa ntchito mu ogwira ntchito osankhidwa ndi apamwamba kuposa ena onse. Zotsatira analandira E. Mayo anapeza kuti ntchito ndi kofunika njira makamaka ndi anthu amene omasuka. Choncho, Hawthorne kuyesera momveka bwino kuti alipo gulu mwamwayi gulu kusewera antchito zofunika kuposa anzake. Komanso, gulu lililonse mwamwayi ali mtsogoleri, imene n'zotheka kusonkhezera gulu laling'ono ambiri.

Mbali yachitatu kuvala chinthu sayansi ndi ongolankhula. Iwo anali kafukufuku antchito zikwi zingapo za maganizo awo m'magulu ang'onoang'ono, koma mapeto, kafukufuku awa sali ziphunzitso kuti sanathandize kukhala.

Mu gawo lachinayi la E. Mayo ine zobwerera ku kuyesera ndipo analenga gulu lapadera la ogwira 14 amphongo, mkati imene ophatikizidwa wachiwiri wake zamaganizo. Poti waukulu wasayansi pa mapeto zimenezo kwagona kuti aliyense yaing'ono gulu mwamwayi kenako ndipamene makhalidwe yake. makhalidwe Izi umalimbana popewa mikangano mwa gulu chifukwa chakuti gulu lililonse ndi mtundu wa pakuchitika chitsanzo cha khalidwe. Choncho, utsogoleli kampani, amene ali kuthana ndi gulu lalikulu, ayenera kupempha kukwaniritsa enaake a makhalidwe abwino kwa mbewu yonse.

Nthawi zambiri, Hawthorne kuyesera ndi mfundo E. Mayo zotsatira zake, lapeza ayankhe lonse onse mu sayansi ndi chilengedwe china, ndipo linapereka maziko kwa chilengedwe cha munthu pankhani ya Sociology amakampani kugwirizana ndi tcheru, makamaka kwa ogwira ntchito kuti zofuna zake ndi zofunika.