Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin: MBIRI ndi ntchito

Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin, amene yonena zapatsidwa pansizi, - ndakatulo, womasulira, Wolemba wina ndi ... Kazembe. Zaka za moyo wake - 1743-1816. Nditawerenga nkhani imeneyi, mudzaphunzila zonse mbali zochita za munthu uyu Mipikisano aluso ngati Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. yonena lake adzakhala wodzilemekeza ndi zina zambiri zoona chidwi.

magwero

Gavriil Romanovich anabadwira ku Kazan mu 1743. Apa m'mudzi Karmachi anali malo banja la banja lake. Anapitirira ubwana wake wolemba ndakatulo m'tsogolo. Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich banja silinali lolemera, mfulu banja. Gavriil Romanovich bambo ake anamwalira, Roman Nikolaevich, yemwe anali aakulu. Mayi ake anali Andreevna Thekla (nee - Kozlov). N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Derzhavin ndi mbadwa Bagrima, Chitata m'banja lachifumu, amene anali anathamangitsidwa Great gulu m'zaka 15.

Maphunziro ku sukulu ya sekondale utumiki Regiment ndi

Mu 1757 analowa Kazan zolimbitsa thupi Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. yonena lake ndi kale pa nthawi ino amalembedwa mwa changu ndi ludzu chidziwitso. Iye anali wophunzira wabwino, koma sanathe kumaliza maphunziro. chakuti mu February 1762 wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anaitanidwa kuti St. Petersburg. Zakhala akufotokozera za Chiwalitsiro Regiment. Derzhavin anayamba kutumikira ngati msilikali wamba. Unachitikira mu Regiment zaka 10, ndipo kuyambira 1772 iye anali msilikali. Amadziwika kuti Derzhavin mu zaka 1773-74. Iye anatenga gawo mu kupondereza ndi kupanduka Pugachev, komanso zokhumba yachifumu, imene Catherine II anakwera wachifumu.

Social mabuku otchuka

Social mabuku kutchuka kwa Gavriil Romanovich anabwera 1782. Izo zinali ndiye lakuti ode wotchuka "Felitsa" akutamanda Mfumukazi. Derzhavin, kutentha chikhalidwe, makamaka chifukwa cha incontinence awo anali ndi mavuto m'moyo. Komanso, unkachitika kusaleza mtima ndi changu ntchito, si nthawi zonse olandiridwa.

Derzhavin anakhala kazembe wa chigawo Olonets

Mwa lamulo la mfumukazi mu 1773 m'chigawo Olonets analengedwa. Mpheroyi County wina ndi zigawo ziwiri. Mu 1776 Novgorod kazembe unakhazikitsidwa, imene inali mbali ziwiri - Olonetsk ndi Novgorod. Kazembe woyamba wa Olonets anakhala Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. yonena wake m'zaka anabwera kugwirizana ndi ntchito yoyang'anira mu udindo uwu ndi udindo. Iye pansi pa malamulo amaika osiyanasiyana kwambiri udindo. Gavriil Romanovich anayenera penyani momwe malamulo kukakamizidwa ndi khalidwe la mpumulo boma. Pakuti Derzhavin Komabe, si zovuta. Iye akhapidziwa kuti si ovomerezeka ubale wa wina ndi alonda malonda ndi kugwilizana zimadalira kubweretsa kuti bwalo ndi boma.

Subordinated mabungwe Patangopita mwezi malo m'chigawo ankadziwa mfundo yakuti anthu onse mu utumiki wa boma chophwanya malamulo koopsa, mpaka walekana ndi udindo kapena malo. Relentlessly kuyesera kukhazikitsa bata mu dera lake Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Zaka za moyo wake pa nthawi ino zachulukazi ndi chizindikiro cha nkhondo yolimbana ndi ziphuphu. Komabe, zimenezi zinachititsa yekha mikangano ndiponso kusagwirizana ndi osankhika a.

Kazembe m'chigawo Tambov

Catherine II mu December 1785 inaika lamulo pa kusankhidwa malo bwanamkubwa wa Derzhavin tsopano m'chigawo Tambov. Atafika kumeneko 4 pa March 1786 chaka.

M'chigawo Tambov Gavriil Romanovich anapezeka pa- wathunthu. Machaputala anayi anasintha kwa zaka 6 linakhalapo. Nthawi unali wodzala, silinafike kumatanthauza m'chigawo malire. Ikulu kukula anafika arrears. Zinamvetsa kupanda maphunziro a anthu onse, makamaka otchuka.

Gavriil Romanovich anatsegula ana masamu makalasi, galamala, Masamu, kuimba ndi kuvina. Theological Seminary ndi asilikali School anapereka kudziwa osauka kwambiri. Gabriel Derzhavin anaganiza kutsegula nyumba ya Yona Borodin, wamalonda m'deralo, sukulu. zisudzo ed anapatsidwa m'nyumba ya bwanamkubwa, ndipo anayamba kumanga zisudzo. Kwambiri chifukwa m'chigawo cha Tambov Derzhavin anapanga, ife sitikhala atchule zonse. Ntchito yake anaika maziko a chitukuko cha deralo.

Senators Naryshkin ndi Vorontsov anabwera kafukufuku zinthu kuchigawo Tambov. Mofanana zoonekeratu anali bwino kuti Derzhavin mu September 1787 anali kupereka mphoto aulemu - dongosolo la Vladimir wa digirii wachitatu.

Pamene iye anachotsedwa Derzhavin

Komabe, mwapang'onopang'ono ntchito Gavriil Romanovich mu ofesi anakumana ndi zofuna za anthu otchuka m'dera ndi nzika. Komanso, IV Gudovich, bwanamkubwa wamkulu, anakhala pankhondo onse kumbali pafupi utaphimbidwa, nayenso, ndi akuba m'dera ndi akuba.

Derzhavin anafuna kulanga Dulova, ndi mwininyumba, amene analamula kumenya kwa zazing'ono chokhumudwitsa pastushonka. Komabe, pofuna analephera, ndi kudana ndi kazembe ndi nzika akuzigawo mphamvu. Sizinathandize ndi Gavriil Romanovich kanthu kutsitsa kuba wamalonda m'dera Borodin, amene kubera chuma, kupereka njerwa zomangamanga, ndiyeno sinali bwino boma ali ulimi vinyo.

miseche onse kuchuluka otaya madandaulo, nkhani Derzhavin. Mu January 1789 iye anachotsedwa malo ake. Kwambiri m'chigawo anabweretsa ntchito yake yochepa.

Bwererani ku likulu la dziko, utsogoleri ntchito

Mu chaka chomwecho Derzhavin anabwerera ku likulu. Iye akupatsa maudindo osiyanasiyana utsogoleri pano. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Gavriil Romanovich anapitiriza kuchita mabuku, kulenga odes (zambiri za ntchito yake, tikambirana za mtsogolo).

Derzhavin anaikidwa boma msungichuma pansi Paulo I. Komabe, iye sanapeze limodzi ndi wolamulira, chifukwa cha chizolowezi, anapanga wake, Gavriil Romanovich malipoti awo nthawi zambiri kulumbira ndi mwano. Alexander I, amene anapambana Paulo sanangokhala wopanda chidwi Derzhavin, kumupanga iye Nduna ya Za Chilungamo. Koma patapita chaka ndakatulo unatha chifukwa anakhalapo "kwambiri mwachangu." Mu 1809, Gavriil Romanovich anali anachotsedwa posts zonse zaboma kale definitively.

zilandiridwenso Derzhavina

Russian ndakatulo kuti Gavriil Romanovich anali mwachilungamo ochiritsira. Derzhavin kwambiri kukodzedwa nkhani yake. Tsopano panali zosiyanasiyana ntchito za ndakatulo, kuchokera ode lofunika kwambiri ophweka nyimbo. Ndi mtundu woyamba mawu anaonekera fano la wolemba, kuti ali, umunthu a ndakatulo iyi. Derzhavin ankakhulupirira kuti kwenikweni kukhala mkulu m'choonadi luso. Iye angakhoze kokha kufotokoza ndakatulo. Pankhaniyi, luso kungakhale onyenga zachilengedwe kokha pamene n'zotheka kuti tiyandikire kumvetsa dziko, kukonza makhalidwe a anthu ndi phunziro awo. Derzhavin ankaona miyambo ya Sumarokov ndi Lomonosov. Iye anayamba ntchito yake mwambo wa classicism Russian.

Cholinga cha ndakatulo Derzhavin - anadzudzula zoipa ndi kutamanda kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, mu ode ndi "Felitsa" Gavriil Romanovich zimalimbikitsa ŵakusanga ufumu mu umunthu wa Catherine II. Chilungamo, wanzeru Mfumukazi anasiyanitsa ntchito imeneyi wodzikonda ndiponso wadyera bwalo olemekezeka.

talente yake pa ndakatulo Derzhavin ankaganiza kuti chida analipereka kwa ndakatulo kuposa kuwina nkhondo ndale. Gavriil Romanovich ngakhale anali "chinsinsi" ndi ntchito zake - ndemanga zambiri zomwe amanena zomwe zinachititsa kuti zikamera wa munthu kapena ena a iwo.

Kukhala Zvanka ndi buku loyamba ntchito

Derzhavin mu 1797 anagula malo Zvanka n'kulikweza kwa miyezi ingapo chaka chilichonse. Kale mu chaka chamawa anaonekera buku loyamba la ntchito za Gavriil Romanovich. Pamafunikanso ndakatulo, moyo imeneyi dzina lake: ". Pa Imfa ya Prince Meshchersky" "Pa kubadwa kwa mwana porfirorodnogo" ode "Pa za adani a Ismayeli", "Mulungu", "mathithi", "grandee", "Bullfinch".

Drama Derzhavina nawo bwalo zolembalemba

Pa pantchito ake, pafupifupi kwathunthu pamoyo wake sewero Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. akusoŵa umenewu chikugwirizana ndi chilengedwe cha librettos zingapo za zisudzo, ndi mavuto otsatirawa:. "The Mdima," "Eupraxia", "Herode ndi Mariamne" Kuyambira 1807 wolemba ndakatulo anatenga mbali mu bwalo zolembalemba za ntchito imene kenako anapanga anthu, pemphani kutchuka kwambiri. Iwo ankatchedwa "okonda Russian Mawu". Ntchito zake "Nkhani pa ndakatulo lyric kapena ode" mwachidule zimene zinamuchitikira zolembalemba Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Zilandiridwenso izo kwambiri chitukuko cha luso chinenero m'dziko lathu. andakatulo ambiri anatsogoleredwa ndi iyeyo.

Derzhavin imfa ndi tsogolo la mtembo wake

Kotero, ife ndinakuuzani inu za munthu wamkulu uyu monga Gavriil Romanovich Derzhavin. Wambiri, zosangalatsa za izo, ndi cholowa kulenga - ilo linali lonse m'nkhani ino. Imangokhala yokha za imfa ya Derzhavin ndi zimene zinachitikira mtembo wake, zomwe sizinali zophweka. Only ndiye ife tikhoza kuganiza kuti inali kuperekedwa mbiri zonse Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, ngakhale zafotokozedwa mwachidule.

Derzhavin anamwalira mu chikhalidwe chake Zvanka mu 1816. Bokosi ndi thupi lake anatumizidwa ku Volkhov pa Bwato a. Wolemba ndakatulo wapeza malo ake otsiriza mpumulo mwa Woyera Chiwalitsiro Cathedral pafupi Veliky Novgorod. tchalitchi ili pa gawo Varlaamo-Khutyn obisika. Apa anaikidwa; ndi mkazi wake Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich, Darya Alekseevna.

obisika unawonongedwa pa Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo. Kumanda Derzhavin kuwonongeka. Reburial Gavriil Romanovich ndi Darya Alekseevna chinachitika mu 1959. Iwo anawatengera ku Novgorod Kremlin. Mogwirizana ndi chikumbutso 250th wa Derzhavin mu 1993 zotsalira za ndakatulo iyi chabwezedwa kwa Varlaamo-Khutyn obisika.

M'masukulu Sichangozi, ndipo lero pali ndakatulo monga Derzhavin Gavriil Romanovich. Wambiri ndi ntchito n'kofunika osati kuchokera luso, komanso ndi mfundo maphunziro a maganizo. Ndipotu, choonadi kulalikidwa ndi Derzhavin kwamuyaya.